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Brunelleschi’s Dome (FlorenceCathedral), 1417-36; 1471, etc.
Brunelleschi was favored by theMedici and jailed when Cosimowas jailed.
Artist who perfected system ofmathematical perspective
Daring innovator, engineer.
Designed dome WITHOUT centersupports; architectural feat for thattime. Dome supported on lantern.
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Applications-of-linear-perspective-in-the-renaissance go to 18:30min
Brunelleschi designed & built the Foundling Hospital (orphanage) in 1419. Themedallions are still loved today …
Patron: Silk & Goldsmith’s Guild of Florence as a public service
Example of Renaissance style architecture-Corinthian style column with high lightarches.. Proportions in line with Renaissance art/science of proportions
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Detail of TerraCottaMedallion,1487
FoundlingHospital,Florence
Andrea dellaRobbia
Family secretblue and whiteglazing -babies showhuman side ofRenaissancehumanism
Guild publicservice
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Trinity with the Virgin, St. John theEvangelist, and Donors
Masacccio, 1425
Masterpiece of perspective - 1st truepainting with linear perspective
Illusino of reality
You can see the grids and perspective lineswhere he laid strings in the plaster
http://luxmedia.vo.llnwd.net/o10/clients/nationalgallery/illusion/02_trinity.m4v
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Expulsion from Paradise, fresco, (adam andEve), 1427, Masaccio
From the Brancacci Chapel
Study of anatomy & underlying muscle andbone structure, combined with expressivismand emotions of Adam & Even upon beingcast out of Eden
More psychological than Flemish painters
Inspired by ancient Roman sculpture
flashcardTribute Money, Masaccio, 1427, fresco, Brancacci chapel. flashcard
Most innovative of early early Italian Renaissance painters..3 scenes w/in one setting,Peter catches a fish with a gold coin in its mouth to pay Caesar’s taxes on the right,central figures around Jesus where Jesus tells them to Render unto Caesar that which isCaesar’s (Florentines being taxed for military campaign at the time of this painting).
Integrates architecture, figures, and landscapes realistically w/perspective
Green robe shaded w/red, strong modeling of figures, consistent light source..this frescowas studied by Michelangelo.
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Annunciation, Fra Angeliao, fresco, 1438-45. Painted for a monastery inFlorence. Probably commissioned by Cosimo de’ Medici. Linear perspective,natural light. Part of a series painted in the monastery to help guide the monks’prayers. Columns here show new buliding technique used by Brunelleschi.flashcard
Hercules & Antaeus, bronzefigurine, 18” tall, del Pollaiuolo, c.1475 (early Renaissance)
Influence of classical Greek &Roman sculpture
Study of Anatomy
Patrons: smaller statues that couldbe enjoyed or placed in the homesof middle class families
Del Pollaiulo’s patron was theMedici family; he was trained as apainter, sculptor, and goldsmith
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Gates of Paradise, (east doors),Baptistry of San Giovanni,Florence, Ghiberti 1425-52,bronze, 15’ high (4.5 meters)
Flashcard“I strove to imitate nature as clearly as I could,and with all he perspective I could produce, tohave excellent compositions with many figures.”
Competition held in 1401 tocommission this prestigious setof doors… Brunelleschi &Ghiberti were top competitors
Patron: Wool Mfgrs. Guild
Name coined later byMichelangelo
1 point perspective, 10 oldtestament scenes
Technological advance fromearlier doors-revived LOST WAXmethod of relief sculpture
Jacob & Esau,panel from theGates ofParadise,Ghiberti 1435
Intuitive andlinearperspective,high and lowrelief figuresgive amazingsense of depth
Jacob & Esaustory fromGenesis inBible
EsausymbolizesJews and JacobChristiansFlashcard part 2
Ghiberti’s Gates of Paradise, 1425Pisano’s John the Baptist doors,1327
Donatello - NewExpressiveness
• Excelled in 3 areas:– Human emotions & expressions– Vision & insight in solving formal
problems– Technical skill in various sculpture
media• 1st life-size male nude since antiquity• 1st life-size equestrian statue since
antiquity• Used contrapossto, iconography, G-R
drapery
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David, Donatello, Bronze, 5’2”, 1446-60, earlyItalian Renaissance
1st life-size male nude statue since antituity
David shown standing on the head of Goliath
Exagerrated contrapossto position
Hat of a fashionable Renaissance young man;David shown as adolescent
Originally stood in courtyard of Medici palace-Medici were patrons of Donatello
Inscription suggests iconography symbolizing thevictory of Florence over Milan in 1428
“The victor is whoever defends the fatherland. Al-powerful God crushes the angry enemy. Behold,a boy overcomes the great tyrant. Conquer, Ocitizens!”
Gattamelata (Equestrian Monumentof Erasmo da Narni), Donatello,Bronze, about 12 feet high, 1443
1st life size bronze equestrianstatue since antiquity
Shows General of Venetian army
Self-made man of theRenaissance, powerful condottieri
Sources: Marcus Aurelius &another ancient Roman equestrianstatues.
Donatello stayed in Padua(northern Italy) for years andfounded a school of sculpture.
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Mary Magdalen, Donatello, wood, 6’ tall, 1450s
Extremely expressive statue of the saint, whobecame a hermit after Jesus’ death.
Shows her emaciated and aged, clothed in herown hair, after years of wandering in thewilderness.
Donatello rejected classical form in this figure.
Vision of the hereafter.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekkOfn002tI&feature=PlayList&p=6F27851475601E03&index=9
Battista Sforza & Federico da Montefeltro, oil on wood, 1474. Piero dellaFrancesca painted this dual portrait of the Duke of Urbino & his wifeBattista. flashcard
Flemish influenceseen in oil paint &luminous colors;also landscapebackground.
Strict profiletradition makessubjects seemdistant fromviewers
Painting on reverseside showshumanistic interestsof Montefeltro’scourt and is full oficonography.
Reverse side of dualportrait by dellaFrancesca,
Triumph of Federicoand Battista
Duke is crowned bya winged Goddess(either Victory orFortune); also shownare Justice,Prudence, Fortitude,and Temperance.Battista’s cart ispulled by a Cheruband driving a team ofunicorns.. Faith &Charity hold apelican, symbol ofmaternal sacrifices.Inscriptions praise Battista’s restraint and virtues, and
Federico’s moderation and fame.
Camera Picta (NewlywedCeiling), Andrea Mantegna,fresco, 1465-74, Mantua.
Flashcard
Mantegna studied in Paduawith influence of Donatello.
Patron was the Gonzagafamily, painted this for theirpalace ceiling.
False oculus, trompe l’oeileffect.
Di sotto in su… Showsradical perspective viewsand foreshortening.
BEGAN LONG TRADITIONOF ILLUSIONISTICCEILING PAINTING.
Interested in classicalliterature & archaeology.
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In Venice, the Bellini brothers created many OIL paintings inspired by the Flemish
Procession of the Relic of the True Cross before the Church of St. Mark, Gentile Bellini,oil on canvas, 1496, Galleria dell’ Accademia, Venice. Narrative of annual festivalcelebrating a 1444 miracle recovery of a dying child. Father in red robe kneeling ispraying for his child’s recovery. perspective
Primavera, Sandro Botticelli, 1482, Florence. Tempera on wood. Allegory combiningChristianity with classical stories, Venus of Earth, Venus of Heaven. Orange trees meanfertility. Revived female nude in art. Figures seem to float. Secular painting of religioussubject made for Lorenzo Medici’s wedding. Inspired by Flemish tapestry. flashcard
Birth of Venus, Botticelli, tempera, 1484. Flashcard. Based on modest Venus classicstatue, philosophy of beauty=birth of beauty. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5L-B_fW7Ow
Ghirlandio
Painted frescos in Sassettichapel in Florence
Showed poetic, mysticalspirit
Religious fervor at end of15th century
Nativity and Adoration of the Shepherds, Sassetti ChapelAltarpiece, Florence, Ghirlandaio, 1485. flashcard
Ghirlandaio paintedthis after viewing vander Goes’ altarpiece,which came toFlorence from Brugesin 1483.
He even copies someof Hugo’s flowers, theiris, and has Jesus onthe ground. However,he puts in classicalRoman pilastersinstead of a medievalsetting. Linear &aerial perspective.