1Air Quality Management and Climate Change MitigationClimate Change MitigationAtty. Glynda Bathan-BaterinaPolicy & Partnerships ManagerClean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia)

3rd Philippine Cities Global Convention and Exposition 3 Philippine Cities Global Convention and Exposition Resorts World, Pasay City17 November 2011

Outlinewww.cleanairinitiative.org/portal/whatwedo

2

CAIAsia AQ trends and cobenefitsAQtrendsandco benefits Know(air+landuse+transport) Plan(science+people)

ASEANGIZCleanAirforSmallerCitiesProject ActAct Learnfromothers

2AboutCAIAsiaCAIAsias mission is to promote better air quality and livable cities by translating knowledge topolicies and actions that reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from transport, energyand other sectors.

As the premier air quality network for Asia, CAIAsia uses knowledge and partnerships to help Asias2500 cities and national governments understand the problems, identify policies and actions and

3

www.cleanairinitiative.org

implement these effectively. Policies relate to air quality management, sustainable transport, climatechange mitigation and clean energy.

CAIAsia was established as a multistakeholder initiative by the Asian Development Bank, World Bankand USAID in 2001, and operates since 2007 as an independent nonprofit organization.CAIAsia is a UN recognized partnership of over 225 organizations, networks in eight countries, and theCAIAsia Center as its secretariat.

The CAIAsia Center is governed by a Board of Trustees headed by the Chairman, Robert O Keefe fromthe Health Effects Institute and Sophie Punte as its Executive Director.

The CAIAsia Center has 18 staff based in Manila, China and India, and Country Network Coordinators inother Asian countries hosted by partner NGOs or organizations.

Cities(45)Bangladesh:Chittagong,DhakaCambodia:PhnomPenhHongKong,ChinaIndia:Hyderabad,

Dev.Agencies&Foundations(17)

AsianDevelopmentBankEnergyFoundationGermanInternationalCooperation(GIZ)IUCN The World

EnvironmentMinistries(19)DepartmentofEnvironment(Afghanistan)DepartmentofEnvironment(Bangladesh)MinistryofEnvironment(Cambodia)MinistryofEnvironmentProtection(China)AndhraPradeshPollutionControlBoard(India)

OtherGovernmentAgencies(13)

DhakaTransportCoordinationBoard(Bangladesh)MinistryofPublicWorks&Transport(Cambodia)MinistryofRoadTransport&Hi h (I di )

CAIAsia PartnershipMembers

Mumbai,PuneIndonesia:Jakarta,Palembang,Surabaya,YogyakartaMongolia:UlaanbaatarNepal:KathmanduPakistan:Islamabad,Karachi,Lahore,QuettaPhilippines:CagayandeOro,Cebu,Iloilo,Lipa,Makati,Mandaluyong,NagaChina:Changsha,

IUCN TheWorldConservationUnionSwedishInternationalDevelopmentCooperationAgency(Sida)SwisscontactIndonesiaFoundationTheWilliamandFloraHewlettFoundationUNCenterforRegionalDevelopmentUSAgencyforInternationalDevelopmentW ld B k

(India)DepartmentofForestEcologyandEnvironment(India)CentralPollutionControlBoard(India)TheStateMinistryofEnvironment(Indonesia)EnvironmentalManagementBureau,MinistryoftheEnvironment(Japan)DepartmentofEnvironment(Malaysia)EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(Maldives)MinistryofEnvironment,ScienceandTechnology(Nepal)PakistanEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(Pakistan)Department of Environment and Natural

Highways(India)CentralRoadResearchInstitute(India)MinistryofHealth(Indonesia)HydrocarbonDevelopmentInstituteofPakistan,MinistryofPetroleum(Pakistan)PakistanSpace&UpperAtmosphereResearchCommission(SUPARCO)(Pakistan)UrbanSectorPolicyandManagementUnit(Pakistan)MetroManilaDevelopmentAuthority(Phils)DepartmentofEnergy(Philippines)Department of Transportation &g ,

Chengdu,Chongqing,Guangzhou,Guiyang,Hangzhou,Harbin,Jinan,Lanzhou,Luoyang,Qingdao,Suzhou,Tianjin,Urumqi,SriLanka:ColomboThailand:Bangkok,ChiangMaiVietnam:Danang,Haiphong,Hanoi,HoChiMinhCity

WorldBankDepartmentofEnvironmentandNaturalResources(Philippines)SupremeCouncilforEnvironmentandNaturalReserves(Qatar)NationalEnvironmentAgency(Singapore)PollutionControlDepartment(Thailand)HoChiMinhCityEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(Vietnam)PollutionControlDepartment,VietnamEnvironmentAdministration,MinistryofNaturalResourcesandEnvironment(Vietnam)

DepartmentofTransportation&Comm .(Phils)SouthernRegionalHydrometeorological Center(Vietnam)VietnamRegister(Vietnam)

NGOs(66)Academic&ResearchInstitutes(37)PrivateSector(32)

3AboutCAIAsia 5www.cleanairinitiative.org

Whatwedo

Reduced air pollution

WhatweaimforCAIAsiaPrograms

l d &

UrbanDevelopmentandSustainableTransport

Reducedairpollutionandgreenhousegas

emissions

ImprovedhealthEnergysavingsLivablecities

Knowledge&Data Tools&Assessments Policy&ProgramSupportNetworking&Partnerships

AirQualityandClimateChangeManagement

CleanandEfficientFuelsandVehicles

Inputfrompartners

GreenFreightandLogistics

By2015,thenumberofmegacitiesisprojectedto

Seoul

Jakarta

Bangkok

p jgrowto36...

ShanghaiMumbai...23ofthesemegacitieswillbelocatedinAsia.

WorldResourcesInstitute

BeijingDelhi

Tokyo

444millionl dd d A i i ipeopleaddedtoAsiancitieseveryyear

120,000peopleaday

$270trillionneededperyearforurbanenvironmentalinfrastructureinAsia

Urbanization,VehiclesandEmissions 8PM10emissionstransportPopulation&urbanization

xmillion

Vehicles CO2emissionstransportsource:GeoHIVE,andPopulationDivision,UN:WorldPopulationProspects. source:CAIAsia,ADB,SegmentY

source:CAIAsia,ADB,SegmentYsource:CAIAsia,IEA,ADB,SegmentY

5Cobenefits:GHGs&APReduction 9www.cleanairinitiative.org

CLIMATECHANGEAIRPOLLUTION

AirPollutantsOzone

GreenhouseGasescoveredbyKyotoProtocol

BlackCarbonTransportIndustryEnergyOther

VOC

SOxPM

CO

NOx

Airtoxics

Heavymetals

CH4

N2O

SF6

CO2

HFC

PFC

Howwelldoyouknowyourcity?

6Doyouknowyourcitysairquality?

AirQualityinAsianCities 12

300

300

Average particulate matter (PM10) data in 2008 from 230 cities in Asia shows that 40%of Asian cities have annual average concentrations complying with the World HealthOrganization air quality interim target and only 1% meets the annual guideline.

Beijing,China

Karachi,Pakistan

70

100

150

200

250

oncentratio

n(g

/m3 )

13cities(6%)

55cities(24%)

59cities(26%)

2cities(1%)

6cities(2.5%)

70

100

150

200

250

300

Manila,Philippines

J k t I d i

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

0

20

30

50

PM10Co

2cities(1%)

6cities(2.5%)

49cities(21%)

38cities(16%)

WHOAQG,20g/m3

WHOIT2,50g/m3

WHOIT1,70g/m3

WHOIT3,30g/m3

0

20

30

50

70

source:CAIAsia

Delhi,India

Jakarta,Indonesia

7What is the impactWhatistheimpactofairpollutiononyour

peoples health?people shealth?

Exposurezonewithin300to500metersfromahighwayoramajor

d i t hi hl ff t d broadismosthighlyaffectedbytrafficemissions

HealthEffectsInstituteTrafficRelatedAirPollution:ACriticalReviewoftheLiteratureon

14

Emissions,Exposure,andHealthEffects.2010

81outofevery16

15

yFilipinoshas

asthma

computedbasedonthe2004GlobalBurdenofAsthmaReportoftheGlobalInitiativeforAsthma

Pollutedaircouldharmyourheart

16SPL/PhotoResearchers,Inc.

9Do you know your citysDoyouknow yourcitysemissionsfromlanduse

andtransport?p

ConsequencesofRapidUrbanization?Lackofintegrationbetweenlanduseplanning andtransportplanning resultingin: environmentalpressures(air,water,land) intense energy and fuel use

home

intenseenergyandfueluse trafficcongestionwork

play

home

10

HoChiMinhCity:Rapidurbangrowth

2000 2011

Baseline2011:PopulationDistribution

11

Baseline2011:10storeyResidentialBuildingAreas

Baseline2011:HighRiseResidentialBuildingAreas

12

Baseline2011:MediumRiseResidentialBuildingAreas

Baseline2011:LowRiseResidentialBuildingAreas

13

Baseline2011:ResidentialBuildingArea

Baseline2011:LargeIndustrialComplexesBuildingAreas

14

Baseline2011:IndustrialEstatesBuildingAreas

Baseline2011:Small+MediumSizeFactoriesBuildingAreas

15

Baseline2011:IndustrialBuildingAreas

Baseline2011:TotalBuildingArea(m2)

16

30%

InnerCityOuterCoreSuburban

Outer Suburban

Baseline2011:HCMCDistributionofTotalBuildingArea

46%OuterSuburban

28%

27%

6.8%ResidentialBuildingsMixedUseBuildingsCommercialBuildingsIndustrial Buildings

Baseline2011:HCMCTotalBuildingArea

60.5%

27.6%

IndustrialBuildingsInstitutionalBuildings

1.0%4.1%

17

Scenarios

Baseline2011

BAU2030

AlternativeDevelopment2030Energy:+%CO2 emissions:+%

Energytransport:1.3millionTOEElectricity:15millionMWhCO2 emissionstransport:4.3milliontonsCO2 emissionselectricity:6.1milliontons

Energy:+%CO2 emissions:+%

What cities can do?Whatcitiescando?Whatcitiescanlearnfrom other cities?fromothercities?

18

1. RapidAssessmentofCityEmissions(RACE)Tool

2. ASEANGIZCleanAirforSmallerCities

3. CleanFleetManagementToolkit4. TricycleUpgrading&

MicrofinanceProgram5. BetterAirQuality(BAQ)

Conference

Developmentandapplicationofthe

AbouttheLowEmissionCities

Project

rapidassessmentforcityemissions(RACE)toolinselectedAsiancitiescovering:

Energyuseinindustrial,commercial,residentialbuildingsandtransport Landuseandtransportintegration

19

LandUseFactorsAffectingTransportation

Diversityoflanduse

Density ofpopulation

Design ofcity

Distancetotransit

Destinationaccess(toemploymentuse centers)

A S I F

CalculatingEmissionsfromTransport

TRIPSkm

TRANSPORTmode

FUEL+ELECTRICITYuse

EMISSIONFACTORS

CO2

Activity Structure Intensity Fuel

CO2PMNOX

Source:Schipper etal.1999.FlexingtheLink.ReducingCarbonEmissionsfromTransportationinDevelopingCountries

20

\

A S I FCalculatingEmissionsfromBuildings

FLOORAREAm2

BUILDINGtype

ELECTRICITY+FUELuse

EMISSIONFACTORS

CO2

Activity Structure Intensity Fuel

CO2PMNOX

Source:Schipper etal.1999.FlexingtheLink.ReducingCarbonEmissionsfromTransportationinDevelopingCountries

ASEANGIZCleanAirforSmallerCitieswww.cleanairinitiative.org/portal/whatwedo

40

ObjectiveSmallandmediumsizedcitiesare

l bl d l dincreasinglyabletodevelopandimplementmeasurestoimprovetheairquality.

ProjectPeriodJanuary2009 December2012

PhilippinesIloiloCityandCagayandeOroCity

21

ASEANGIZCleanAirforSmallerCitieswww.cleanairinitiative.org/portal/whatwedo

41

TheOutput

R i d i i f i i ReviewandrevisionofexistingCleanAirActionPlans

Facilitationofpublicparticipation Supportinassessingbaselineconditions(aspartofActionPlans)

SupportintheimplementationandmonitoringoftheActionPlans

SupportinseekingfinancialassistancethroughDevelopmentBanks(definitionofpackages)

CleanFleetManagementToolkitwww.cleanairinitiative.org/portal/whatwedo

42

RolloutinPhilippines

MERALCOCaseStudy16.5%i t

8.187.30

7.88

7.19

56789

CorporateFleetsConveners:CAIAsiaCenterPhilippineBusinessfortheEnvironmentBusTransportFleetsConvener:Pilipinas ShellGovernmentFleetsConvener:HondaFoundation,Inc.

improvementinfleetwidefuelefficiencyduring casestudyperiod

Training on toolkit:

2.66

1.01 1.401.712.50

0.961.35 1.54

012345

CO VOC NOx SOx PM10 CO2

tons thousandtons2008 2009

Newtoolkitsplanned: Busfleets Truckfleets

Trainingontoolkit: Philippines,Indonesia(Thailand,India) LatinAmerica,MiddleEast,EasternEurope

22

2 and3wheelerswww.cleanairinitiative.org/portal/whatwedo

43

PublishedreportwithUNEPPCFVforpolicymakersandcityauthorities

I l i h i i Issuesrelatingtotheincreasinguse PoliciesandregulationsinAsia

Microfinancingprogram Mandaluyong CityandPasigCity

(MetroManila) Replacetwostroketricycleswithfour

strokeengines.Tricycleoperatorsreceivedinterestfreeloansthatwaspaidbackfrom20%fuelsavingsoffourstroketricycles

Testelectrictricycles

BetterAirQualityConferencewww.baq2012.org

44

BiggestgatheringonairqualityinAsia,coveringairquality climate change transport energy andquality,climatechange,transport,energy,andindustry

Ithasgrownintoacommunityofpractitioners,policymakersandbusinesses whomeeteverytwoyearsfornetworking,learningandsharingexperiences

BAQ has proven to influence policies, initiate newprojects and establish partnerships

23

ForMoreInformation 45www.cleanairinitiative.org

center@caiasia.orgUnit3505RobinsonsEquitableTower

ADBAvenue,PasigCityMetroManila1605

Philippines

CAIAsiaCentercpo@caiasia.org

901AReignwood Building,No.8YongAnDongLi

Jianguomenwai AvenueBeijingChina

CAIAsiaChinaOfficeindia@caiasia.org257Regus Elegance

EleganceTower,MathuraRoad,Jasola Vihar,NewDelhi

India

CAIAsiaIndiaOffice

CAIAsiaCountryNetworksChina. India. Indonesia. Nepal. Pakistan. Philippines. SriLanka

45

CAIAsiaCenterMembers 229CAIAsiaPartnershipMembers 45Cities 19Environmentministries 13OtherGovernmentagencies 17Developmentagenciesandfoundations 66NGOs 37Academicandresearchinstitutes 32Privatesectorcompanies

Donorsin2011Asian Development Bank ClimateWorks Foundation Energy Foundation Fredskorpset Norway Fu Tak Iam Foundation German InternationalCooperation (GIZ) Guangdong Government Institute for Global EnvironmentalStrategies (IGES) Institute for Transport Policy Studies Institute forTransportation and Development Policy International Union for Conservation ofNature Korea Transport Institute MAHA Philippine Business for theEnvironment United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD) United Nations Environment Program Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles(UNEP PCFV) Veolia World Bank