BS 434-1(1984)_Specification for bitumen road emulsions.pdf

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Bitumen roademulsions(anionic andcationic)Part 1: Specification for bitumen roademulsions

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NO COPYING WITHOUTBSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

BS 434-1 :1984(Reprinted,incorporatingAmendments No. 1,No. 2and No. 3)

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'this British Standlard, hru ;been prepared under tl . .direction ofthe road 1 : ry=~ ;Standards (;om~nitter, ,~. . .published under the aui `~ : ~ ,

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Secand revision Febru~~r~. IThird revision .~1pr1 19L~Faurth revision a:: BS ~~a~ .Ud d~ber l f173

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BS 434-1:1984

aration of this British Staa~d~,jd~ ., . , r ^trrasted ~~> the Rd~adeering Standards Committee ~f~?~)'-` : ~

~ ~r^hn~c,~dl. `d7r~x~nittee E1?~i11oai vrhich the fllowing bodies wd}~~,~ rdrh

mmittees resp~nsi le far t isitish ~tandard

i~r~ti~h aggregate Construction TVlat:er~- ~

p~~~~nty Surveyors' Society

ion of Civil Engineering

ondon Council

of PdaroleurxD

zti:an of Civil Engineers

notion of Highway Engineers

st~tution of Municipal Engineers

~~d~~d Emulsion Association Ltd.

o~ Chemical Industry

Arnendxnents issued since publics

Date O~ 1~SUe

December

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C) BSI 12-1998

BS 434-1 :1984

This document may be used in partonly for the internal use!

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BS 434-1 :1984

eword

lion of this fart of this British Standard, prepared tinder the directionoad Engineering Standards Comiri',~i , ~

specifies requirements for, ;ionic and cationic bitumen road emulsion ; . It supersedes the 1973 edition

is withdrawn . Recommendations for the use of these emulsions for roadsurfaces are covered by Part 2 of this standard .

~-,, iajor changes have been made to the previous edition of this standard but thetunity hasbeen taken to make a large number of minor alterations which

shown to be necessary as a result of users' experience,itish Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a

".-rast . Users of British Standards are res ,ible for their correct application.

;VMhance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunityn legal, obligations.

of pagesis document comprises a front cover. tin inside front cover, pages i and ii,

to 16, an inside back cover and a lack cover.and has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had

, 1, Iments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on thent cover.

o 13S] 12-1998


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I ScopeThis Part of BS 434 specifies requirements faranionic and cationic bitumen emulsions used for thepreparation and treatment of road and othersurfaces carrying wheeled and foot traffic .NOTE

Thetitles ofthe publications referred to in this standardare listed on the inside back cover .

2 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Part of BS 434, thefollowing definitions apply.11bitumena viscous liquid or a solid, consisting essentially ofhydrocarbons and their derivatives, that is solublein carbon disulphide l ) ; it is substantiallynon-volatile and softens gradually when heated . Itis black or brown in colour and possesseswater-proofing and adhesive properties . It isobtained by refinery processes from petroleum andis also found as a natural deposit or as acomponentof naturally occurring asphalt in which it isassociated with mineral matter12bitumen road emulsiona liquid product in which a substantial amount ofbitumen is suspended in a finely divided conditionin an aqueous medium by mans of one or moresuitable emulsifying agents . There are two types,anionic and cationic13anionic emulsion

an emulsion in which the anion of the emulsifier isat the interface with the bitumen particle that isnegatively charged andin which the aqueous phaseis normally alkaline14cationic emulsionan . emulsion in which the cation ofthe emulsifier isat the interface with the bitumen particle that ispositively charged and in which the aqueous phaseis normally acid2.5binder content (including emulsifier)the difference between 100 % and the percentagewater content determined in accordance withappendix F

"The internationally agreed definition ofbitumen relates its solubility to carbon disulphide but in the UK trichloroetused since it is safer than carbon disulphide .

fG BSI 12-1998

BS 434-1:1984

3 Classification of road emulsions3.1 Anionic road emulsions. Anionic roademulsions shall be classified in order of stability asfollows.

a) ClassAl: labile . An emulsion characterized byrapid breakdown on . application and normallyunsuitable for mixing with aggregate; used cold .b) Class A2., semi-stable. An emulsion withsufficient stability to permit mixing with certaingrades of aggregate before breakdown occurs ;used cold .0 Class A& stable . An emulsion with sufficientmechanical and chemical stability for

all

purposes involving mixing with aggregatesincluding those containing large proportions offines or chemically active materials such ascement or hydrated lime; used cold .d) Class A4.' slurry seal. An emulsion formulatedfor the slurry seal process; used cold .NOTE

Additives may be used at the time of laying ifrequired to adjust the setting time or viscosity ofthe mix.This class shall be subdivided as follows.

1) Class A4: slow setting. Suitable for mixing insimple mixers for hand laying, in bulk transitconcrete mixers c r mobile mixing machines .2) Class A& rapid setting. Suitable for handling inspecial mobile mixing machines only .NOTE I

Classes Al andWam subdivided according to theirnominal binder contents (see Table 1) .NOTE 2

Due to the wide variation in chemical activity andphysical structure of aggregates from different sources, not allare suitable for the slurry seal process . It is necessary, therefore,to test each aggregate in the laboratory with class A4 emulsionand to subject the mixes with class A4 emulsion to the trackabrasiontest inaccordance with appendix AofPart 2:1984 of thisstandard. The loss in mass ofthe specimen after abrasion shouldnot exceed 5M g/m2 :3.2 Cationic road emulsions. Cationic roademulsions shall be classified in order of stability asfollows.

a) Class KI: rapid acting. An emulsioncharacterized by rapid deposition of binder oncontact with road surfaces and aggregatesfollowed by early resistance to rain . Unsuitablefor mixing with aggregates ; class KI-70 gradesused hot, other grades cold .b) Class K2: medium acting. An emulsion inwhich the rate of deposition of binder issufficiently delayed to permit mixing with certainclean coarse aggregates before breaking to form acontinuous adhesive film without stripping ; usedcold .

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NOTE I

ClassMis mubth ,

content (see Table 2).NOTE,2

Dueto the wide',physical structure ofaggrc,,~are suitable for the slurry ,,to test each aggregate in the i ; ,and to subject the mixes withabrasion test in accordance ,Nstanda rd . The loss in mase oinot exceed 5W g&2.

4 Composition4.1 General. Road em~bitumen, modified if r ~ , ~emulsifying agents ani .1surfactants and addit!modify performance,,emulsions for special4.2 Bitumen. The bif , ~ , f,~

~ used for themanufacture of the emuk Y wa shall comply with138 3690 and

shallbe " n nc (I from the range

grade 70 penetration to ; ~~Ke 300 penetration, asdefined therein.NOTE I

Thebitumen mayfluxingagents ranging frorni ;,the amount offluxing agent ti

~

than 5 % 1~y mass of the bi~ ;iforeationicemulsion, oras ;!- :~~manuActurer of the em &NOTE2

Ifrequired by th~provide a typical sampli, Wbasic ingredient of the einonominal viscosity ofthe hi ; ~ ~NOTE 3

Attention is dra~% ~ ;mmoying

withBS 300 rn,

analysis after extraction F-

2

c) ClassK3.- slow actint-, . An emulsion in whichthe rate of depositio~

~fidnderissufficientlydelayed to permit i) ~

, ~ ~

xx -Lth certain fine.

aggregates belre J- ;

j ig to form a continuousadhesive film wi~l- ~

- v,ippi ng; used cold,

Cationic slurry seal

~-.,As.ions are included inhandlinginspecial

in in chemical activity and'c'wr different sources, not all

At is necessary, therefore,r~ with class K3 emulsion

ion to the track'Part2:1984 ofthis

fter abrasion should

shall containy as specified in 4.2,

ter. Small amounts ofiall be permitted to

~zlurry seal and other

toits

nonrim al Under

-odifiect by the addition ofuz:tile distillates to beavyoils,

ern ally being not moreanionic emulsion and 10 %

thepurebaserand the

supplier should'ation bitumen used as do

Uorshould disclose thex mixture used .

bitumen originallysame test readt, on

I

3 Toxicity . Any dr,

q ,, washAgs or the like,passing from. the worl,

:I reams, ponds, rivers,etc., shall not, after dilub-?n by these waters, haveany toxic effect upon p1m . 4 animal or fish life .

5 Particle chargeWhen tested in accordance with appendix C, anionicemulsion, shall deposit on the anodej indicating thatthe particles have a negative charge and cationicemulsion,,; sball. deposit on the cathode, indicatingthat the partio', - have a positive charge .NOTE

The chn n"~ F

ni amount of deposit will depend on theclass of emu6, , . ,A

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6 Properties of emu

After sampling in accordance with appendix A,emulsions shall be tested in accordance withappendices B tod. The properties of anionic roademulsions shall be as given in Table I and theproperties of cationic road emulsions shall be asgiven in Table, 2,

7 Containers and marking

7.1 Containers . No corrosion or attack shall occurbetweenthe emulsion andthe container or bung andthe emulsion shall not be adversely affected by thecontainer or bung .NOTE

The ti~, , i : iv~it metals or theiralloys may lead to theevolution ol it,, ~

z;u" and On mulwmpwrd explosion of Mecontainer.

12 Marking. Containers shall be legibly labelledwith the following minimum information:

a) the name wtrade mark ofthe manufacturer orsupplier

b) the date , of filling,

c) the number of this'Ai.e . BS 434/1 : 1984 ~,

Q the closs of erntilsion and nominal bindercontent

~-Ne I and Table 2) ;

e) the mwo ~ 9f contents in Ifflograins or volumelitres ;

0 the word "Anionic" or "Cationic" on the head ofthe container which shall be coloured black forAnionic and areen for Cationic ;

g) the instructions to roll the drums before use,particularly in the ease of 40 % binder contentemulsions :

W aninslovetiDocumentssimilar .r~ ,

rotect Irn frost.

tive to bulk deliveries shall provideinformation.

MarkingBS 434/1:1984 on or ~, ; rulation to a product. is a claim by the jnanulactv~-~- , - ~t-ro the product has been manufactured

in accordance with Me rewo,ras of Me stanthtrd- Ile accuracy ofsuch a claini

- tii~ wfw, - , solely the manufacturet'sresponsibility. Enquiries a~

iWainlity of third party certification to suppo! 1

~7

claims. should be addressed to tile

Director, Quality Assan~nv , 'P

7 - i ~~a t, British Standards Institution, Unford W-0 Ahh, ,~i licynes NIKH 6LE in the case of

certifiattion marks qdmii~'

,f v BSI or to the appropriate authority for oth r-

ABS1 IN 1998


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Table 1- Properties of anionic road emulsions

BS 434-1:1984

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In special circumstances, class A1-60 emulsion with. a higher viscosity can. be used for hand applcation provided that theemulson conxplies with all the atherregxirements cifth s standard.a The visca ities given in the table are suitable far use in hulk spreaders complying with BS 1707 or BS 3136 ar for use in handoperated sprayers complyng with . BS 3136 . As a general guide, a maximum ~~iscosity of9E at the temperature ofthe spraying iscoxxsidered to be suitable .

1y and other values xnay be agreed between the purchaser and the

3

Property appendix Class ofanionio road emulsionsor clause

1-60 Al-55 Al-40 A2-57 A2-50 A3

Particle charge~~i__

neg. neg. neg. neg. neg. neg.

Residue on t10 ~m BS sieve (% (rnlrn),nxaximum} ~ U,1 a,05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

Kesdue on 150 ~m BS sieve(g per 100 mL, maximum) 1J.2 ~ 0.15 0.15 U.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15

Stability to mi.xng wth coarse aggxegrxte 20 to 20 to 20 to(lo coagulation.} FJ,1 80 80 80 < ~o < ~o

Stability to mixing with cement(lo coagulation} E,2 >2 >2

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Residue on(% Onho, maximum)

Property

Residue on 150 p,m(g per 100 mL, maxinr. s .,oBinder contentWOn 57"Id-immum)Viscosity (degrees U , 7 ('11) at 20')Viscosity Redwood N'

a The viscosity range in theand transit and viscosatzerthe transverse distributioncomplying wth BS 1717.

Table 2 -Properties of cationic road exxxtxfsions

Coagulation of emulsion at"temperatureStorage stability (short pf.-!riod test)(inversions to clear sediment, maxitnum)Storage stability Clang y- ~~~~)d test)(9/6 water content diffe ;-,maximum)

lnspecial eireum-,aro

zclass K I-60 emulsion with a higher vistaNOTEemulsion complies with all ' ira + , Iier rcquirements of this standard .

intended to serve as a guide only. Bitumen emulsions can change in viscosity during storagethis range may be used by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier provided thatownr,.-, of BS 1707 are met when the emulsions art, ;prayed in hot hinder distributors

(e) RSI 12-1998


Appendix A SamplingA.1 General. Draw samples of emulsion as soon aspossible after delivery, preferably within 24 h, andtest within 7 days from the date of drawing. Do notexpose the samples to temperatures below 0 OC .A.2 Deliveries in drums. Select and sample atleast three drums.NOTE

This standard does not specify the exact number ofdrunis to be sampled and this should be agreed between themanufacturerand the purchaser.Thoroughly mix the contents of each drum to besampled by rolling the container to and fro for aperiod of 2 min to 3 min successively in oppositedirections, making at least five revolutions in eachdirection and then up-ending each drum throughtwo revolutions, first in one direction and then inthe opposite direction. Then pour the whole contentsinto a clean drum ofjust sufficient capacity,normally 200 L, stir and immediately take aspecimen of at least 4 L. If residual matter ispresent in the original container, submit a reportwith the specimen .

Useone of the three, or more, specimens for carryingout the tests given in appendices C to J inclusiveand keep the other specimens in reserve.Seal each drum so that it is airtight and label withthe following information:

a) the manufacturer's name and description ofthe emulsion;

b) the class of emulsion;

c) the date of delivery ;

d) the date of sampling,e) the water content of the 4 L specimen,determined in accordance with appendix F.

Use one of the drums and its contents for carryingout the test given in J .2 .

A.3 Deliveries in bulk. Either sample by meansofa sampling container over the whole depth of theemulsion, or take a sample at the level of half thedepth of the emulsion, usingaweighted container asshown in Figures 1 and 2 of BS 3195-1:1978.Take three samples of at least 4 L each . Use one ofthe samples to prepare specimens for carrying outthe tests described in appendices C to J inclusiveandkeep the other two samples in reserve.NOTE

Reference should also be made to Part 2 of this standard .

(0 BSJ 12-1998

AA Test requirements . The test result from one ofthe 4 L samples tested shall be compared with theappropriate limit(s) given in Table 1 or Table 2. Ifthe test results do not comply with the limit(s) givenin Table 1 or Table 2

,two further reserved samples

shall be tested and the test results of two out of anyof the three samples tested shall comply with thelimit(s) given in Table 1 or Table 2.

Appendix B Preparation ofspecimensNOTE1

Notapplicable to class KI-70 emulsion .Prepare the 4 L specimen by passing it througha 710 gm sieve as described in D.1, and use thisemulsion, after gentle stirring immediately beforeuse, for all tests.NOTE2

Theresidue on the 710 gm sieve maybe used to decideif the specimen complies with limit(s) given in Table Iand Table 2.Appendix C Method for determinationof particle chargeNOTE

This method is technically equivalent to IP 292/73.C. I General. This method identifies the type ofbitumen emulsion. A direct current is passedthrough a bitumen emulsion between two parallelplate electrodes . Deposition ofthe bitumen on one ofthe twoelectrodes indicates whether the emulsion isof the anionic or cationic type . Positively charged

rticles indicate that the emulsion is cationic,negatively charged particles that it is anionic.

C.2.1 Current source, direct current,approximately 12 V to 15 V.

C.2.3 Variable resistor

C.2.4 Electrode leads

BS 434-1:1984

C.2.5 Electrodes, consisting of two stainless steelplates approximately 75 mm long andapproximately 25 mm wide with an immersionmark at 25 2 mm. An insulating device is used tohold the plates parallel 25 2 mm apart in theemulsion sample during the test.C.2.6 Beaker, of 150 mL capacity .C.2.7 Timing device, stop-watch or other suitabledevice .

5

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A~edingOQQT.E.1.3.3 Soap solution,potassium or sodium ~~ '~

awater.111.4 Nocedure . Clean K, iJass bottle with xylene,dry it, wash with the swu- .Rolution and then withdistilled water, and fi,na, liv d ry with a soft cloth orjap paper.Bring tile bottle and all ttemperature betweenstart of the test and mr i ~ iitemperature rang(.~ t

of not more than't miemulsion to the aggre,~,,; :A.machine.

After draining awaywater, place the sievfxylene into the beaketthe sieve andthen pourWash the sieve and b,xylene andadd thisclose the bottle, repla,it for a period of Ibitumen,

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f criggion chippmgs l)

erials to aand. 25 OC before the

within this+out the test.

Weigh 200 I g of Oik, -~~-,,,~-ogate into the bottle,followed by 20 0.2 gjl -nulsion which hass, beenpassed through the 7 1 0 ,,j Tir-deve (E.1.2.6) . Screwonthe lid immediately, invert the bottle and sharplytap on the base with the 1

ad so that the aggregateandemulsion fall freplvPlace the bottle in the

'~,i,~ngnlachineintheinverted position andrW ~ ~ ~ end over end 140 times,(i .e . 140 complete 36U' r- ~Iutions) . Allow a period

between. adding thestarting the rotating

rotating, machine,boiled, distilled water

Remove the bottle fromadd 200 1 mL of fre-Ii i vat 20 'C to 25 'C, rept-o.- -,, I-,elid and rotate in themachine 60 to 70 tim-- . '-ten pass the wash waterand residual. emulsion Cs

the 710 pm sieve(E.1.2.6) and repeat 11 ,

,~,%,~-untilthewashingsremain clear.

possibleOf thc~L,~r . Ponr 100 mL of

he bitumen onsol ~ ition into the bottle.i ,,'Ii a further 100 mL ofaNo to the bottle . Then

aebine and rotate-olve the coagulated

Allow the bottle to stand for 30 min to permitdispersed water and any aggregate dust to settle .R.emove two25 ml, aliquots ofthe xylene solution bypipette and evaporate in the two weighed nickeldishes by placing them for 1.5 hon the metal surfaceof a boiling water bath in a fume cupboard . Cool ina desiccator . Determine accurately the masses ofbitumen residue in the dishes and if they differ bymore than 0.002 g repeat the procedure .E.1.5

Usethe mean bofthe two massesto calculate I

amount of binder coagulated as a.percentage of the total binder originally present.Thecoagulation vahin expressed as a percentage, isgiven by the expressi

bx8xIOO

~-O(where

b

is the

ofthe binder in 25 mL of xyleneso! ~ 7.t ; i ,

~i n g) ~-W

is the nmer content of the original emulsion(percentage by mass) estimated inaccordance with appendix F.

E. 1.6 Reporting of results. Report coagulation valueas a percentage to the nearest whole number.

E.2 Stability to mixing with cement (classes A2andA3 only)E.2.1 ApparatusE.2.L1 &eve, of 1 .4 min minal apeAure, weighedandapproximately 100 mill in diameter and 40 mindeep and coinplying with BS 410.E.2.1.2,Sieue, of 180 gin nominal aperture,approxii-nateiy 200 mm in diameter and complyingwith BS 4 10 .E.2.1.3 Roatid-bottomed On dAk or similar metalutensil of approximately 500 nil, eE.2.1.4 Steel rod with rounded ends,approximately 13 mra in diameter .E.2.1.5 Baloare, of 250 g capacity, readable andaccurate to 01 g.E.2.1.6 Gradutited cylinder, of 100 mL capacity .E.2.1.7 Shallotopau, weighedand ofapproximately 50 nil, capacity andapproximately 110 min in diameter .E.2.1.8 11"ell oentilated oven, thermostaticallycontrolled at 105 5 OC .K2.2 Material

M"~ 160-162 Abbey Foregate . Sbrvw~A~tirv.SY2 ( ;AV~

E.111 Ordbtary lortland ceinent, complying withBS 12, kept i a sealed containers and not exposed tothe atmcaspb~'t- before use .

V, BSI 12-1998


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E.2.3 Procedure. If the water content of theemulsion, determined in accordance withippendix F, is below 50 %, dilute the emulsion with

sbly boiled distilled water at 20 *C to 25 'C, to awater content of 50 %.Sift a portion of the cement through the 180 pinsieve (E.2.1.2) and weigh 50 g of the sifted cementinto the iron dish .Weigh the 1.4 mm sieve (E.2.1.1) and the shallowpan to the nearest 0. 1 g (TV,).

Add 1.00 mL of the 50 % emulsion to the cement inthe dish and stir the mixture at once with the steelrod with acircular motion, making 60 completerevolutions during 1 min. immediately at the end ofthe 1 min mixing period, or after a longer period ifnecessary to obtain a homogenous mixture,add 150 mL offreshly boiled distilled water at 20 "Cto 25 'C and continue stirring for 3 min. Maintainthe ingredients and apparatus at a temperatureof 20 OC to 25 'C during the mixing period .

Pourthe mixture throughthe 1.4 mm sieve (E.2.1 .1)rinse with distilled water poured from a

receptacle held at a height ofapproximately 150 mm. Place the sieve in the pan,heat them both in the oven at 105 5 'C until dryand weigh them together to the nearest 0. 1 g (W2) .E.2.4 Calculation. Calculate the coagulation value,as a percentage, which is given by the expression :

W,

W2

W2 __ IV, X 100T3

where

the mass of the weighed sieve and pan(in g) ;

(Q BSI 12-1998

is the mass of the sieve and pan, and thematerial retained in and on them (in g) ;

is the mass of the binder in 100 mL of thediluted emulsion (in g) determined by theprocedure in appendix F.

E.2.5 Reporting of results. Report the coagulationvalue as a percentage to the nearest whole number.

Appendix F Method for determinationof water and binder contentNui , i~,'

rhis method is based on IP 291/73 .F.1 General. The water content as determined bythis method is used to calculate the binder contentof an emulsion bv deducting the result from 100(see 2.5)

F.2 Aipparatus

NOTE

The apparatus is illustrated inFigure 1.

F.2.1 Glass still, of 500 mL capacity, comprising around-bottom short-necked flask with a groundsocket for either a 24/29 or 34/35 joint, complyingwith BS 572, at the neck .F.2.2 Condenser, consisting of a water-cooled refluxglass tube type having ajacket not lessthan 300 mm. in length, with an inner tubeof 15 3 mm external diameter . The lower end ofthe inner tube shall be ground to an angle ofapproximately 60' to the axis . Thedrainage tip shallfinish in a 19/26 cone .F.2.3 Receiver, ofannealed glass complying with thedimensions given in Figure 1.F.2.4 Heater, such as an electric heater.

F.3 Materials

F.3.1 Carrier liquid, petroleum or coal-tar spirit,free from water and yielding not morethan 5 % (V/V) of distillate at 125 *C and not lessthan 20 % (VIV)at 160 "C when tested as describedin BS 2000-123 .NOTE

Asuitable, carrier liquid is grade 3' or 5' xylenecomplyingwith BS 458.FA Specimen. Ensure that the specimen isthoroughly representative of the material to be

ted .F.5 Procedure. Weigh 30 g to 50 gof the emulsionto the nearest 0. 1 g into the distillation still.Add 100 mL of the carrier liquid and one or twoglass beads.Assemble the apparatus. Insert a loose plug ofcotton wool in the top of the condenser tube torevent the condensation of atmospheric moisture

e condenser tube .Heat cautiously andregulate so that the condensatefalls from the end of the condenser at a rate of twodrops to five drops per second . Continue until thevolume of waterin the receiver is constant.Discontinue heating and cool to room temperature.If any droplets of water are adhering to the sides ofthe receiver or condenser, dislodge them with a finewire spiral . Measure the volume ofwater.

F.6 Calculation and report. Calculate the watercontent, expressed as a percentage by mass, whichis given by the expression:

A X 100B

BS 434-1 :1984

where* is the volume of water in the trap (in mQ;* is the mass of emulsion sample taken (in g) ;

Report the result to the nearest 0. 1 % (in /tit).F.7 Precision. Results of duplicate tests shall notdiffer by more than the following amounts:

a) repeatability: 1 .0 % (m/in);b) reproducibility: 2.0 % (in/m).

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BS 434-1:1984

All dimensions are in iNOTE 1 . Graduations to 0.2 ml- are required on the receiver, though for clarity they are omitted from this drawing.

NOTE 2. If apparatus with 1 glass bulb is used, then a dimension 30 mm to 60 mm may be used in place of 47 t ".), mm and 170 mm to210 mm in place of IM - ~~, mm, provided the graduations in the upper tube allow for the piouision tolerances in F

,7 to be achieved .

re I -Assembled apparatus for water content test

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Figure 2 - Erigier viscometer

Starring devoe

BS 434-1 :1984

. Measuring and ieveiting projections

TrTcd and adjustnq screws00,

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Ali dimensions are in millimetres and are requirements of the &onviscometer with the exception of those marked with an asterisk,

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