BSc FORENSIC SCIENCE - …

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BSc FORENSIC SCIENCE

REGULATIONS

Courses offered in Allied Health Sciences1. Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Technology [B.Sc. (MLT)]2. Bachelor of Science in Anesthesia & Operation Theatre Technology [B.Sc.

(AOTT)]3. Bachelor of Science in Renal Dialysis Technology [B.Sc. (RDT)]4. Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Care Technology [B.Sc. (RCT)]5. Bachelor of Science in Medical Imaging Technology [B.Sc. (MIT)]6. Bachelor of Science in Cardiac Care Technology [B.Sc. (CCT)]7. Bachelor of Science in Perfusion Technology [B.Sc. (PT)]8. Bachelor of Science in Emergency Medicine Technology [B.Sc. (EMT)].9. Bachelor of Science in Physician Assistant [B.Sc. (P A)]10. Bachelor of Science in Optometry [B.Sc. (optometry)]11. Bachelor of science in Forensic Science (B.Sc. ( Forensic Science))

GOALS:1. B. Sc. Forensic Science programme aims to develop the skills necessary to

take part in a forensic investigation by providing experience of examining forensic evidence and case studies.

2. It exposes students to the appropriate information related to forensic science in the broad areas of criminal investigation, laws in relation to it, scientific practical techniques involved so that they can acquire skills nec-essary to carry out independent work in the respective field.

OBJECTIVES:The programme aims to create graduates who will

1. Become professionals equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary to take part in a forensic investigation.

2. Work and communicate effectively in inter-disciplinary environment, either independently or in a team, and demonstrate leadership qualities.

3. Will engage in life-long learning and professional development through self-study, continuing education or professional and doctoral level studies.

1. Eligibility for admissionA candidate seeking admission to the Bachelor of Science Degree in Allied Health Sciences [a) to h) above], shall have studied English as one of the principal sub-jects and shall have passed

a. Two year Pre-University examination or equivalent as recognized by JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysore with Physics, Chemistry and Biology as principal subjects of study.

OR

b. Pre-degree course from a recognized University considered as equivalent by JSSAHER, (two years after ten years of schooling) with Physics, Chemistry and Biology as principal subjects of study.

OR

c. Any equivalent examination recognized by the JSSAHER for the above purpose, with Physics, Chemistry and Biology as principal subjects of study.

OR

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d. Vocational higher secondary education course conducted by Vocational Higher Secondary Education, Government of Kerala with five subjects including Physics, Chemistry, Biology and English in addition to vocational subjects conducted, considered equivalent to ‘plus – two’ [10+2] examinations of Government of Karnataka Pre University Course.

OR

e. Two years diploma from a recognized Government Board in a subject for which the candidate desires to enroll in the respective Allied Health Sciences course and shall have passed ‘plus two’ [10+2] with Physics, Chemistry and Biology, as principle subjects.

OR

f. Three years diploma from a recognized Government Board in a subject for which the candidate desires to enroll in the respective Allied Health Sciences course, with Physics, Chemistry and Biology as principal subjects during the tenure of the course.

OR

g. Senior secondary course with Physics, Chemistry and Biology as principal subject of study equivalent to class XII, of open school education system of the central government and state government approved institutions.

h. In case of B.Sc. Imaging Technology the candidate shall have passed Pre-University or equivalent examination with Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Mathematics, as principal subjects of study.

2. Duration of the courseDuration shall be for a period of Six Semesters (three years).

3. Medium of instructionThe medium of instruction and examination shall be English.

4. AttendanceCandidates should have attended at least 75% of the total number of classes conducted in an academic year, from the date of commencement of the semes-ter to the last working day, as notified by the JSSAHER, in each of the subjects prescribed for that year (theory & practicals) to be eligible to appear for the JSSA-HER examinations. Candidates lacking prescribed percentage of attendance in any subject shall not be eligible to appear for the JSSAHER examination in that subject.

5. Internal assessment (IA)There shall be a minimum of two Internal assessment examinations in the-ory and practical of each core subject spread over evenly in each semester. The average marks of the two IA examinations shall be submitted to the JSSAHER at least 15 days before the commencement of the JSSAHER examination. The JS-SAHER shall have access to the records of IA examinations. Candidates have to secure 35% marks in the IA theory and practical jointly in each subject to become eligible to appear for the Deemed to be University examination. The marks of the IA examinations must be displayed on the notice board of the respective departments within a fortnight from the date of IA examination. If a candidate is absent for any of the IA examinations due to genuine and satisfactory reasons, such a candidate may be given a re-examination, within a fortnight.

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6. Subject and hours of teaching for theory and practicalsThe number of hours of teaching theory and practical, course wise in each semes-ter are shown in table I, II, III, IV, V and VI. There are two compulsory core subjects in each semester. Language, Allied and Skill enhancement subjects are mandatory for all courses. Candidates shall select one elective subject each in fifth and sixth semester from the list mentioned in the table VII.

Table I: Distribution of teaching hours in First Semester subjects

Category Subjects Theory hours Credits Practical

hours Credits Total hours

Total credits

Core - 1 Anatomy 60 4 20 2 80 6Core - 2 Physiology 60 4 20 2 80 6

Core - 3 Basic Bio-chemistry 60 4 20 2 80 6

Language -1 English 30 2 - - 30 2

Language - 2 Kannada 30 2 - - 30 2

Total Credits 18 + 2 + 2

Table II: Distribution of teaching hours in Second Semester subjects



Total credits

Core-4 Pathology 60 4 20 2 80 6

Core -5 Microbiol-ogy 60 4 20 2 80 6

Core - 6 Pharma-cology 60 4 20 2 80 6

Allied - 1

Introduc-tion to Forensic Science

30 2 - - 30 2

Allied - 2 Psychol-ogy 30 2 - - 30 2


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Table III: Distribution of teaching hours in Third Semester subjects



Total credits

Core - 7Forensic Dermato-glyphics

60 4 20 2 80 6

Core - 8 Criminal Law 60 4 20 2 80 6

Core - 9Crime and Soci-ety

60 4 20 2 80 6

Skill Enhance-ment-1

Computer applica-tion

30 2 - - 30 2

Allied-3

Environ-ment sci-ence and Health

30 2 - - 30 2


Table IV: Distribution of teaching hours in Fourth Semester subjects

Category Subjects Theory hours Credits Practicals Credits Total

hoursTotal credits

Core - 10 Criminal-istics 60 4 20 2 80 6

Core - 11

Techno-logical Methods in Foren-sic Sci-ence

60 4 20 2 80 6

Core - 12

Ques-tioned Docu-ments

60 4 20 2 80 6


Biostat-ics and Research method-ology

30 2 - - 30 2

Allied-4Consti-tution of India

30 2 - - 30 2

Total Credits

18 + 2 + 2

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Table V: Distribution of teaching hours in fifth Semester subjects

Category Subjects Theory hours Credits Practicals Credits Total

hours

Total cred-its

Core - 13

Forensic Chemis-try and Physics

60 4 20 2 80 6

Core - 14 Forensic Medicine 60 4 20 2 80 6

Core - 15Forensic Biology & Serology

60 4 20 2 80 6

Elective 1 30 2 - - 30 2

Allied - 5

Pharma-cology and Phar-maceuti-cal Drug Analysis

30 2 - - 30 2


Table VI: Distribution of teaching hours in sixth Semester subjects

Category Subjects Theory hours Credits

Modality Postings+ Practicals

Credits Total hours

Total cred-its

Core - 16Forensic Anthro-pology

60 4 20 2 80 6

Core - 17Forensic Toxicolo-gy

60 4 20 2 80 6

Core - 18 Forensic Ballistics 60 4 20 2 80 6

Elective 2 30 2 - - 30 2

Allied - 6 Digital Forensics 30 2 - - 30 2


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Table VII: Elective SubjectsElective SubjectsFifth Semester

Accident InvestigationEconomic OffencesSixth Semester

DNA Typing Introduction to biometry

Extension ActivityThe following extension activities shall be provided for the ability enhancement of the candidates, to provide better services. The certificate shall be provided by the offering departments. Extension Activity Courses Semester Offering departmentsSmall Project/data Analysis All courses V Forensic Medicine

7. End Semester Examination

a. JSSAHER examinations - The JSSAHER shall conduct examination for the core subjects at the end of each semester. The candidates, who satisfy the requirement of attendance and internal assessment, shall be eligible to appear for the JSSAHER examination. The head of the institution shall verify the same before forwarding the applications to the JSSDU within stipulated time along with the prescribed fee.

b. Non- JSSAHER Examinations: Examination for Languages, Allied subjects, Skill enhancement and Elective subjects shall be conducted by the college and the marks obtained shall be submitted to the JSSAHER along with the IA marks of the core subjects at least 15 days before the commencement of the JSSAHER examination. The marks of non-core subjects shall be incorporated in the marks card issued by the JSSAHER.

c. The candidate must have passed all the previous subjects (Core/Language/Skill enhancement/ Allied/elective), to appear for the sixth semester JSSAHER examination.

8. Scheme of Examination:Distribution of subjects and marks for each semester theory and practical exam-inations are shown in the Table – VIII, IX, X, XI, XII and XIII.

Table VIII: Distribution of Subjects and marks for First Semester theory and practical examination

Category Subjects Theory Practical

IA UE NUE Total IA UE NUE Total

Core - 1 Anatomy 30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50

Core - 2 Physiology 30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50

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Core - 3 Basic Bio-chemistry 30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50

Lan-guage-1 English - - 50 50 - - - -

Lan-guage-2 Kannada - - 50 50 - - - -

Table IX : Distribution of Subjects and marks for Second Semester theory and practical examination

Category Subjects Theory Practical

IA UE NUE To-tal IA UE NUE Total

Core-4 Pathology 30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50Core -5 Microbiology 30 70 - 100 10 40 50Core – 6 Pharmacology 30 70 - 100 10 40 50

Allied - 1Introduction to Forensic Sci-ence

- - 50 50

Allied - 2 Psychology - - 50 50

Table X: Distribution of Subjects and marks for Third Semester theory and practical examination

Category Subjects

Theory Practical


Core – 7Forensic Dermato-glyphics

30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50

Core – 8 Criminal Law 30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50

Core – 9 Crime and Society 30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50


Computer application - - 50 50 - - - -

Allied-3

Environ-ment sci-ence and Health

- - 50 50 - - - -

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Table XI: Distribution of Subjects and marks for Fourth Semester theory and practical examination

Category Subjects

Theory Practical


Core - 10 Criminalistics 30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50

Core - 11

Technological Methods in Forensic Sci-ence

30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50

Core - 12 Questioned Documents 30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50


Biostatics and Research methodology

- - 50 50 - --

Allied-4 Constitution of India - - 50 50 - --

Table XII: Distribution of Subjects and marks for Fifth Semester theory and practical examination

Category Subjects

Theory Practical


Core - 13Forensic Chemistry and Physics

30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50

Core - 14 Forensic Medicine 30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50

Core - 15Forensic Biology & Serology

30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50

Elective 1 - - 50 50 - - - -

Allied-5

Pharma-cology and Pharma-ceutical Drug Anal-ysis

- - 50 50 - - - -

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Table XIII: Distribution of Subjects and marks for Sixth Semester theory and practical examination

CategorySubjects Theory Practical

IA UE NUE Total IA UE NUE Total

Core - 16 Forensic An-thropology 30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50

Core - 17 Forensic Toxi-cology 30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50

Core - 18 Forensic Ballis-tics 30 70 - 100 10 40 - 50

Elective 2 - - 50 50 - --

Allied-6 Digital Forensics - - 50 50 - --

Question paper pattern for end of Semester Deemed to be University the-ory examinations (70 marks)I Long Answers (Answer 2 out of 3) 2 x 10 = 20II Short Essay (Answer 7 out of 9) 7 x 5 = 35III Answer (Answer all 5) 5 x 3 = 15

Total = 70 marks Question paper pattern for end of Semester Non-Deemed to be University theory examinations (50 marks)I Long Answers (Answer 1 out of 3) 1 x 10 = 10II Short Essay (Answer 5 out of 7) 5 x 5 = 25III Answer (Answer all 5) 5 x 3 = 15

Total = 50 marks

9. Examiners

a. Appointment of ExaminersExaminers shall be appointed by the JSSAHER to conduct the end Semester JSSA-HER examinations, from the panel of examiners approved by the Board of Studies. For Practical examinations, there shall be one external examiner and one internal examiner. Theory paper shall be valued by both the examiners.

b. Qualification and Experience of ExaminersFor question paper setting and external examiner: Post graduation in the respec-tive field with five years of teaching experience.For Internal examiners: Post graduation in the respective field with three years of teaching experience.

10. Criteria for passCore Subjects: Candidates are declared to have passed in a subject, if they secure 40% of marks in JSSAHER examination and internal assessment added together. Theory & practical shall be considered as separate subjects. If a candidate passes in practical examination but fails in theory paper, such candidate is exempted from

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reappearing for practical but shall have to appear in the subsequent examination for the theory paper in which the candidate has failed OR vice versa.

Language papers, allied papers, skill enhancement and elective papers: The mini-mum prescribed marks for a pass shall be 35% of the maximum marks prescribed for a subject.

11. Grading of performances

a. Letter grades and grade points allocationsBased on the performances, each student shall be awarded a final letter grade at the end of the year for each course. The letter grades and their corresponding grade points are given in Table – XIV.

Table – XIV: Letter grades and grade points equivalent to percentage of marks and performances

Percentage of Marks obtained Letter Grade Grade Point Performance

90.00 – 100 O 10 Outstanding 80.00 – 89.99 A 9 Excellent70.00 – 79.99 B 8 Good60.00 – 69.99 C 7 Fair50.00 – 59.99 D 6 Satisfactory40.00 - 49.99 E 5 AverageLess than 40 F 0 Fail

Absent AB 0 Fail

A candidate who remains absent for any end of year examination shall be as-signed a letter grade of AB and a corresponding grade point of zero. He/she should reappear for the said evaluation/examination in due course.

b. The Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA) The performance of a student in a semester is indicated by a number called ‘Se-mester Grade Point Average’ (SGPA). The SGPA is the weighted average of the grade points obtained in all the courses by the student during the semester. For ex-ample, if a student takes five courses (Theory/Practical) in a semester with credits C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 and the student’s grade points in these courses are G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5, respectively, and then students’ SGPA is equal to: C1G1 + C2G2 + C3G3 + C4G4+ C5G5SGPA = -------------------------------------------------- C1 + C2 + C3 + C4+ C5

The SGPA is calculated to two decimal points. It should be noted that, the SGPA for any semester shall take into consideration the F and ABS grade awarded in that semester. For example if a learner has a F or ABS grade in course 4, the SGPA shall then be computed as:

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C1G1 + C2G2 + C3G3 + C4* ZERO + C5G5SGPA = ---------------------------------------------------------- C1 + C2 + C3 + C4+ C5

c. Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA)The CGPA is calculated with the SGPA of all the VIII semesters to two decimal points and is indicated in final grade report card/final transcript showing the grades of all VIII semesters and their courses. The CGPA shall reflect the failed status in case of F grade(s), till the course(s) is/are passed. When the course(s) is/are passed by obtaining a pass grade on subsequent examination(s) the CGPA shall only reflect the new grade and not the fail grades earned earlier. The CGPA is calculated as:

C1S1 + C2S2 + C3S3 + C4S4+ C5S5+ C6S6+ C7S7+ C8S8CGPA = ------------------------------------------------------------------------- C1 + C2 + C3 + C4+ C5+ C6+ C7+ C8

where C1, C2, C3,…. is the total number of credits for semester I,II,III,…. and S1, S2, S3,….is the SGPA of semester I,II,III,…. .

12. Declaration of class The class shall be awarded on the basis of CGPA as follows:

First Class with Distinction = CGPA of. 7.50 and aboveFirst Class = CGPA of 6.00 to 7.49Second Class = CGPA of 5.00 to 5.99Pass Class = CGPA of 4.00 to 4.99

13. Carry over A candidate should pass all the subjects (core/language/skill enhancement/ al-lied/elective) of first semester, to enter into the third semester. Similarly, second semester subjects should be cleared before entering fourth semester and third semester subjects should be cleared before entering fifth semester. However, the candidate must have passed all the previous subjects (core/language/skill en-hancement/ allied/elective) to appear for the sixth semester Deemed to be Uni-versity examination

14. Award of Ranks/MedalsRanks and Medals shall be awarded on the basis of final CGPA. However, candi-dates who fail in one or more subject during the course shall not be eligible for award of ranks.

15. Award of degreeA candidate who has passed in all the subjects (core/language/allied/skill enhance-ment/elective papers) of all the semesters shall be eligible for award of degree.

16. Revaluation and Re-totaling of answer papersThere is no provision for revaluation of the answer papers in any examination. However, the candidates can apply for re-totaling by paying prescribed fee.

17. Maximum duration for completion of courseA candidate shall complete the course within six years from date of admission, failing, which candidate shall re-register for the course.

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I SEMESTER

Core-1 Anatomy

OBJECTIVES: AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

• Describe the structure, composition and functions of the organ systems of human body.

• Describe how the organ systems function and interrelate.• Learn basic technical terminology and language associated with anatomy.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SKILLS• Use the process of prosection to investigate anatomical structure. • Use the microscope to learn anatomical or histological structure. • Learn how to study, interpret and care for anatomical specimens.

CONTENTSTheory: Unit I: Organization of the Human Body 12hrs Introduction to the human bodyDefinition and subdivisions of anatomyAnatomical position and terminologyCell – Definition of a cell, shapes and sizes of cells-Parts of a cell–cell membranes, cytoplasm, sub cellular organelles.Cell Division–Definition and main events in different stages of mitosis and meiosis.Tissues – Tissues of the body-Definition and types of tissues-Characteristics, functions and locations of different types of tissues-Epithelial tissue – definition, classification with examples -Glands- classification with examples

Unit II : Locomotion and Support 12hrs1. Cartilage – Types with examples

2. Skeletal systemSkeleton – Definition, axial and appendicular skeleton with names and number of bones, Types of bones. Marking of bones. Functions of bones.Development (types and ossification) and growth of bone.Name, location and general features of the bones of the body.Joints – Definition and types of joints with examples. Axes and kind of movements possible. Name, location, type, bones forming, ligaments, movements possible and the muscles producing such movements of the joints of the body.

3. Muscular systemParts of the Skeletal muscle. Definition of origin and insertion. Classification of muscular tissue Compartment muscles of upper limb , lower limb , sternocleido mastoid

Unit III : Maintenance of the Human Body 12hrs

1. Cardio-vascular systemTypes and general structure of blood vessels. Structure and types of arteries and veins. Structure of capillaries. Shape, size, location, coverings, external and inter-

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nal features of heart. Structure of heart wall, conducting system and Blood sup-ply of the heart. The systemic arteries and veins. Name, location, branches and main-distribution of major arteries and veins.

2. Lymphatic systemLymph, lymphatic vessels, name, location and features of the lymphoid organs.

3. Respiratory systemNames of organs of respiration, Location and features of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and pleura.

4. Digestive systemNames of organs of digestion..Location and features of mouth, pharynx, esopha-gus, stomach, small and large intestines. Location and features of salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gall bladder

UNIT IV.1.Urinary system and Reproductive system 12hrs1. Names of urinary organs, location and features of kidney, ureter, urinary

bladder and urethra.Names of male and female organs of reproduction. Location and features of scro-tum, testis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, prostate gland, penis and spermatic cord. Location and features of uterus and its supports, uterine tube, ovary and mamma-ry gland.

2. Development Gametes, period of gestation, gametogenesis, structure of sperm and ovum, growth of ovarian follicles, events of 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks of development, fold-ing of embryo. Derivatives of germ layers.placenta

Unit V : Control Systems of the Body 12hrs1. Nervous system

Sub-divisions of the nervous systemBrain – Sub-divisions, location external features and internal structure of medulla oblongata, pons, mid-brain, cerebellum and cerebrum. Spinal cord – Location, extent, spinal segments, external features and internal structure.Location and features of thalamus and hypothalamus.Locations and subdivisions of basal ganglia, Meninges and spaces around them.Name and location of ventricles of brain and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.Blood supply of the brain and spinal cord. Cranial nerves

2. Sense organsLocation and features of the nose, tongue, eye, ear and skin

3. Endocrine systemNames of the endocrine glands.Location and features of pituitary, thyroid, para-thyroid, suprarenal, pancreas, ovaries and testes.Names of hormones produced by each gland.

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Practical : 1. Demonstration of parts of microscope and its uses 2. Demonstration of skeleton and joint3. Demonstration of deltoid and gluteus maximus ,Cubital fossa4. Demonstration of heart and its blood supply, demonstration of major

arteries of upper limb and lower limb, histology of cardiac muscle and histology of vessels

5. Demonstration of location and parts of lungs , histology of trachea and lungs

6. Demonstration of location of stomach, small and large intestines. Location and features of pancreas, liver and gall bladder

7. Demonstration of location and features of kidney, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra. Histology of urinary system except urethra

8. Demonstration of location of male and female reproductive organs9. Demonstration of brain and spinal cord10. Histology of cornea and retina

PRACTICAL EXAMINATION PATTERN 40 MARKS

1. GROSS ANATOMY- Discussion of any one specimen 10 Marks Disscusion of specimen of Cardiovascular system, Respiratory System ,Gastroin-testinal system , Urinary system, Reproductive system

2. Spotters - Cardiovascular system, Respiratory System , Gastrointestinal system , Urinary system, Reproductive system – 10x2=20 Marks

3. Histology discussion of any one demonstrated slide 10 Marks

Recommended books:• Ross and Wilson: Anatomy and Physiology in Health and illness• Understanding Human anatomy and physiology , William davis(p) MC

Graw Hill• Essentials of Human embryology .Bhatnagar, Orient Blackswanpvt ltd • Anatomy for BSc Nursing by RenuChauhan. Arichal publishing compa-

ny2012 1st edition • Hand book of anatomy BD Chaurasia

Reference books:1. B D Chaurasia: Regional Anatomy. Vol I, II,III 6th edition

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I SEMESTER

Core- 2 PhysiologyObjectives- At the end of the semester students should be able to describe

1. Blood cell counts2. Nerve and muscle functions 3. Cardiac functions 4. Pulmonary functions5. Renal functions 6. The actions of various hormones 7. Functions of Central nervous system and special senses

Contents:Theory

UNIT -I General physiology and Blood 12 hrsGENERAL PHYSIOLOGY (2 Hrs)

• ORGANIZATION OF THE CELL AND ITS FUNCTION,HOMEOSTASIS • TRANSPORT ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE• MEMBRANE POTENTIALS - RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL & ACTION

POTENTIAL • BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS - NORMAL VALUES

Blood (10 Hrs)• Introduction: composition and function of blood. • Red blood cells: erythropoiesis, stages of - differentiation, function, count,

physiological variation.• Structure, function, concentration, physiological variation, methods of esti-

mation of haemoglobin.• white blood cells: production, function, count.• platelets: origin, normal count, morphology & functions.• plasma proteins: types, functions• haemostasis: definition, normal haemostasis, clotting factors, mechanism

of clotting, disorders of clotting. blood groups: abo system, rh system. blood grouping & typing, cross matching.rh system: rh factor, rh incom-patibility.

• blood transfusion: indication.transfusion reactions.• anticoagulants: classification, examples and uses. anaemias: morphologi-

cal and etiological classification, -blood indices: ci, mch, mcv, mchc.• erythrocyte sedimentation rate (esr) and packed cell volume, normal

values.

unit –ii digestive system & respiratory system 12hrsdigestive system (4hrs)

• physiological anatomy of gastro intestinal tract, functions of digestive sys-tem.

• salivary glands: structure and functions, deglutition: stages and regula-tion.

• stomach: structure and functions.gastric secretion: composition function regulation of gastric juice secretion.

• Pancreas : structure, function, composition of pancreatic juice• functions of liver. Bile secretion, composition, function. Jaundice: types.• functions of gall bladder.

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• small intestine: functions, digestion, absorption,movements.• large intestine: functions, movements defecation

Respiratory system (8 hrs)• functions of respiratory system, physiological anatomy of respiratory sys-

tem, respiratory tract, respiratory muscles. • mechanism of normal and rigorous respiration, forces opposing and favor-

ing expansion of the lungs. intra pulmonary & intrapleural pressure. • surface tension, recoil tendency of the thoracic cage and lungs . • transport of respiratory gases: transport of oxygen & carbon dioxide, oxy

haemoglobin dissociation curve , factors affecting it. • lung volumes and capacities –normal values• regulation of respiration: mechanisms of regulation,nervous and chemical

regulation, respiratory centre, • applied physiology : hypoxia, cyanosis, dyspnoea, apnoea.

Unit –iii Cardiovascular And Endocrine System 12hrscardiovascular system (7hrs)

• heart: physiological anatomy, nerve supply.• properties of cardiac muscle, cardiac cycle: • conducting system of heart,origin and spread of cardiac impulse• electrocardiogram (ecg) waves and normal duration.recording• cardiac cycle:phases and volume changes• normal heart sounds, areas of auscultation. pulse: jugular, radial pulse, • cardiac output : definitions of stroke volume, cardiac index, factors af-

fectingit.measurement of cardiac output .• general principles of circulation• blood pressure: definition, normal value, clinical measurement of blood

pressure, hypotension, hypertension. factors affecting it and regulation• physiological variations & regulation of heart rate.• coronary circulation.• shock

Endocrine system (5hrs)• classification of endocrine glands & definition of hormone. • pituitary hormones: anterior and posterior pituitary hormones, secretion,

functions • thyroid gland: physiological anatomy, hormone secreted, physiological

function, regulation, secretion, disorders ( hypo and hyper secretion of hormone).

• adrenal cortex: physiological anatomy. cortical hormones, functions and regulation.

• adrenal medulla: hormones, regulation and secretion.functions of adrena-line and nor adrenaline.

• hormones of pancreas.insulin: secretion, regulation, function and action. diabetes mellitus: regulation of blood glucose level.

• parathyroid gland: function, action, regulation of secretion of parathyroid hormone Calcitonin:

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UNIT –IV Excretory system and Reproductive system 12 hrsExcretory System(8Hrs)

• Functional anatomy of kidney• juxta glomerular apparatus: structure and function. • glomerular filtration• tubular function(reabsorption and secretion)• micturition, innervation of bladder, cystometrogram. • artificial kidney, renal function tests skin and body temperature

Reproductive system(4Hrs)• Male reproductive system: functions of testes, spermatogenesis: Endo-

crine functions of testes -Female reproductive system: oestrogen, proges-teron ,menstrual cycle: ovulation, physiological changes during pregnancy, pregnancy tests.

• Lactation: composition of milk, factors controlling lactation.

UNIT –V Muscle nerve physiology, Nervous system and Special senses 12hrsMuscle nerve physiology (3Hrs)

• classification and properties of neuron and neuroglia .classification of nerve fibers

• Classification of muscle, structure of skeletal muscle, • Neuromuscular junction. Transmission across nmj• Excitation contraction coupling. muscle tone, fatigue, rigor mortis

Nervous system (5Hrs)• organisation of nervous system• Synapse: structure, types, properties.• Receptors: definition, classification, properties. Sensations-pain• organization Spinal cord. Ascending tracts, descending tracts.• Reflex : definition reflex arc, clinical classification of • reflexes : Babinski’s sign. • hypothalamus- functions • Cerebral cortex lobes -functions, • cerebellum- functions• Basal ganglia: functions. • Cerebro Spinal Fluid(CSF) : formation, circulation & reabsorption . compo-

sition and functions. Lumbar puncture.• Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic and parasympathetic distribution

Special senses (4Hrs)• Vision: structure of eye, function of different parts.Structure of retina. vi-

sual pathway, errors of refraction• Hearing: structure and functions of ear.• Taste : taste buds and taste pathway. • olfaction : receptors, pathway.

Practicals (20 hrs)1. Haemoglobinometry.2. Haemocytometry3. total leucocyte count.

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4. Total Red blood cell count.5. Determination of blood groups.6. differential WBC count. 7. Determination of clotting time, bleeding time.8. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Determination of packed cell Vol-

ume, Calculation of Blood indices: CI, MCH, MCV, MCHC.9. Blood pressure recording. 10. spirometery, artificial respiration

Practicals Examination : 40 Marks

1. Estimation of Hemoglobin. - 10 marks2. Determination of Blood Groups. - 10 marks 3. Determination of Bleeding and Clotting time. - 10 marks4. Spotters – Haemocytometer, RBC Count, WBC Count,

Differential Count, Sphygmomanometer, Spirometer . - 10 marks

RECOMMEND BOOKSA. TEXT BOOKS

1. A.K.Jain, Human Physiology and Biochemistry for physical therapy and occupational Therapy, 1st edition Arya publication

2. Dr.Venkatesh .D and Dr. Sudhakar H.S.Basic of medical physiology, 2nd edition, Wolter-Kluwer publication

3. Chaudhari (Sujith K) Concise Medical Physiology 6th Ed. New Central Book,

B. REFERENCE BOOKS1. A.K.Jain, Text book of Physiology for medical students, 4th edition Arya

publiction 2. Guyton (Arthur) Text Book of Physiology.11th Ed. Prism publishers3. Ganong (William F) Review of Medical Physiology. 23rd Ed . Appleton

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I SEMESTER

Core- 3- Basic Biochemistry

Unit I- 12hrsChemistry of Cell & Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and Nucleotides-

Cell- Structure & Function of Cell Membrane, Subcellular Organelles and their Functions.Carbohydrates- Definition, Classification & Biological importance of Carbohy-drates, Derivatives of Monosaccharides.Proteins- Definition & Classification of amino acids & Proteins, Biologically active Peptides, Plasma proteins, Immunoglobulins.Lipids- Definition, Classification & Biological importance and Functions of Lipids. Structure and functions of Cholesterol, types and functions of Lipoproteins.Nucleotides- Structure and Functions of DNA & RNA. Biologically important nu-cleotides.

Unit II- 12hrsEnzymes & Acid base balanceEnzymes- Definition and Classification. Factors affecting enzyme activity. Coen-zymes and Cofactors. Enzyme inhibition & Regulation of enzyme activityAcid Base balance- Acids, Bases & Body Buffers, Regulation of pH, Acid base disorders.

Unit III- 12hrsVitamins & MineralsVitamins-Classification, Sources, RDA, Functions( in Brief), deficiency manifesta-tions and hypervitaminosis.Minerals- Classification, Sources, RDA, Functions (in Brief), deficiency manifes-tations of the following: calcium, phosphorous, iron, copper, iodine, zinc, fluoride, magnesium, selenium, sodium, potassium and chloride.

Unit IV- 12hrsNutrition, Blood chemistry & Urine ChemistryNutrition- Nutrients, Calorific value of food, BMR, SDA, respiratory quotient and its applications, Balanced diet based on age, sex and activity, biological value of proteins, nitrogen balance, Protein energy malnutrition, Total parenteral nutrition, dietary fibers.Blood chemistry- Biochemical components & their reference ranges in normal & diseased states.Urine chemistry- Biochemical components & their reference ranges in normal & diseased states

Unit V- 12hrsClinical Biochemistry-10 hrsSpecimen Collection- Blood,Urine and Body fluids.Preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical errorsClinical Biochemistry- Laboratory diagnoses of Diabetes and Cardiovascular dis-eases. Diagnostic enzymology, Assessment of arterial Blood gas status and elec-trolyte balance, Point of Care Testing. Renal Function tests (In brief), Liver function tests (In brief), Biomedical Waste Management.

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Practicals1. General Reactions of Carbohydrates- 2. Color reactions of Proteins- 3. Reactions of Non Protein nitrogenous substances- 4. Demonstration of pH meter, Colorimeter and spectrophotometer.5. Demonstration of Chromatography and Electrophoresis.

Practical Examination1. Identification of Substance of physiological importance-10 Marks2. Color reactions of Proteins-10 Marks3. Spotters-10 Marks4. Charts on Clinical biochemistry- 10 Marks

Recommended books Recent edition1. Textbook of Biochemistry –D.M.Vasudevan2. Biochemistry –Pankaja Naik3. Clinical Biochemistry-Principles and Practice-Praful.B.Godkar4. Textbook of Biochemistry-Chatterjea and Shinde5. Textbook of Clinical Chemistry-Norbert W Teitz

Reference Books Recent Edition1. Harpers Biochemistry2. Clinical Biochemistry-Michael L.Bishop3. Textbook of Biochemistry-Rafi M.D4. Lippincott’s Illustrated review of Biochemistry5. Practical Clinical Biochemistry-Harold Varley

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Language-1 ENGLISH

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION

A. STUDY TECHNIQUES – READING COMPREHENSIONExercises on reading passages and answering questions based on the passage.

B. ORGANIZATION OF EFFECTIVE NOTE TAKINGWhy good note-taking is importantEffective note-taking is an important practice to master at Deemed to be Universi-ty. You have a lot of new knowledge and you need to develop reliable mechanisms for recording and retrieving it when necessary. But note-taking is also a learning process in itself, helping you to process and understand the information you re-ceive.

C. USE OF THE DICTIONARYTips on how to use the dictionary

1. Choose the right dictionary. 2. Read the introduction.3. Learn the abbreviations.4. Learn the guide to pronunciation.5. Looking Up a Word

A. Fnd the section of the dictionary with first letter of your word.B. Read the guide words. C. Scan down the page for your word.D. Read the definition.

6. Online dictionaries 7. Research various facts.8. Thesaurus

It is a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms, such as the online Thesaurus.com.

D. ENLARGEMENT OF VOCABULARYRoots : A TO G

E. EFFECTIVE DICTIONForeign Expressions – meaning and pronunciation

UNIT 2 APPLIED GRAMMAR

A. CORRECT USAGETHE EIGHT PARTS OF SPEECH

1. Noun2. Pronoun3. Adjective4. Verb5. Adverb6. Preposition7. Conjunction8. Interjection

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B. THE STRUCTURE OF SENTENCESWhat is a sentence?What are clauses?What are phrases?Types of sentences:

1. Simple sentences2. Compound sentences3. Complex sentences

C. THE STRUCTURE OF PARAGRAPHS

1. What is a Paragraph?Paragraphs are comprised of sentences, but not random sentences. A paragraph is a group of sentences organized around a central topic.

2. The Secrets to Good Paragraph Writing:Four Essential ElementsThe four elements essential to good paragraph writing are: unity, order, coher-ence, and completeness.

3. Paragraph StructureA paragraph consists of 3 main structures :

1. Claim2. Evidence3. Analysis

D. ENLARGEMENTS OF VOCABULARYRoots: H to M

UNIT 3: WRITTEN COMPOSITION A. PRECIS WRITING AND SUMMARIZING

1. Definition of précis:A précis or summary is an encapsulation of someone’s writing or ideas. Technically it should be one – third the length of the actu-al passage given.

2. Definition of summary: Summaries may not always follow a direct line through what they’re summarizing – if you want to summarize someone else’s ideas in a few sentences, it might make more sense if you begin with their conclusion, and work back to the arguments they use to develop that conclusion.

Guidelines to follow while writing a summary are:1. Divide and conquer. 2. Read. 3. Reread. 4. One sentence at a time. 5. Write a thesis statement. 6. Check for accuracy. 7. Revise.

B.WRITING OF A BIBLIOGRAPHY I. What is a bibliography?A bibliography is an alphabetical list of all materials consulted in the preparation of your assignment.

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II. What is an annotated bibliography?An annotated bibliography is an alphabetical list of books or articles for which you have added explanatory or critical notes.

III. Why must you do a bibliography?• To acknowledge and give credit to sources of words, ideas, diagrams, illus-

trations and quotations borrowed, or any materials summarized or para-phrased.

• To show that you are respectfully borrowing other people’s ideas, not stealing them, i.e. to prove that you are not plagiarizing.

IV. What must be included in a bibliography?• author• title• place of publication• publisher• date of publication• page number(s) (for articles from magazines, journals, periodicals, news-

papers, encyclopedias, or in anthologies).

V. Writing a bibliography in MLA style1. Standard Format for a Book:Author. Title: Subtitle. City or Town: Publisher, Year of Publication.If a book has no author or editor stated, begin with the title. If the city or town is not commonly known, add the abbreviation for the State or Province.

2. Standard Format for a Magazine, Periodical, Journal, or Newspaper Ar-ticle:Author. “Title: Subtitle of Article.” Title of Magazine, Journal, or Newspaper Day, Month, Year of Publication: Page Number(s).

C. ENLARGEMENT OF VOCABULARYRoots – N to S

UNIT IV: READING AND COMPREHENSIONA. Review of selected materials and express oneself in one’s wordsSeminar for students on powerpoint presentation and book review.

B. ENLARGEMENT OF VOCABULARYRoots – T to Z

UNIT V: THE STUDY OF VARIOIUS FORMS OF COMPOSITIONA. PARAGRAPH Exercises for students on short paragraph topics.

B. ESSAYHow to Write an EssayThe writing of an essay has three stages :

1. Essay writing 2. Close reading 3. Research

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C. LETTER Mechanics of writing formal and business letters. Exercises on writing letters for students.

D. SUMMARYWriting reports: project report, magazine article and reporting in newspapers on sporting events.

E. PRACTICE IN WRITINGExercises and assignments on report writing for students.

UNIT VI: VERBAL COMMUNICATION

A. DISCUSSIONS AND SUMMARIZATION Tips on taking minutes of a meeting Why Meeting Minutes Matter Meeting minutes are important. They capture the essential information of a meeting – decisions and assigned actions. The following instructions will help you take useful and concise meeting minutes.

Before the Meeting If you are recording the minutes, make sure you aren’t a major participant in the meeting. You can’t perform both tasks well.Create a template for recording your meeting minutes and make sure you leave some blank space to record your notes.Decide how you want to record your notes. If you aren’t comfortable relying on your pen and notepad, try using a tape recorder or, if you’re a fast typist, take a laptop to the meeting.During the Meeting As people enter the room, check off their names on your attendee list. Ask the meeting lead to introduce you to meeting attendees you aren’t familiar with. This will be helpful later when you are recording assigned tasks or decisions.After the Meeting Review the notes and add additional comments, or clarify what you didn’t under-stand right after the meeting.

B. DEBATES Group Discussions:

1. Do’s in a group discussion: • Be confident. Introduce yourself with warm smile and get into topic

soon.• Have eye contact with all group members• Learn to listen. • Be polite.• Be a good team player. Move with all group members and help them

when needed.2. Don’ts in a group discussion:

• Don’t be harsh when you are interrupted. • Don’t interrupt the other person• Don’t try to push your ideas on others.• Don’t argue. Everyone is free to express their ideas.

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C. ORAL REPORTSAn oral report is a presentation, usually done for a student’s teacher and class-mates, though it can also be done for a larger segment of the school communi-ty, for parents, or for a more open group, depending on the circumstances. For example, at a science fair, a student might present a report on his or her project periodically for the class, for other visitors who pass by, and for judges.

D. USE IN TEACHINGWriting of dialogues Originating from dialogos, the Greek word for conversation, the semester dialogue refers to a verbal conversation between two or more people. When writing dialogues, it is important to adhere to specific grammar rules. The following points need to be remembered while writing dialogues for role play.

1. Quotation Marks2. Periods3. Question Marks4. Commas5. Capitalization and Paragraphs6. How Dialogue Enhances Writing

Dialogue reveals information about the speaker(s) within a written work. Dialogue also enhances the story line and plot.

a) Exposes Character TraitsThrough indirect characterization, dialogue reveals details about a character by what they say, how they say it, and perhaps what they choose not to say. b) Unveils Mood/EmotionsA character’s word choice, description of tone, and choice of language reveal the inner state of the character without directly “telling” the audience. Showing in-stead of telling creates a deeper understanding of the character through the eyes of the reader or audience.

c) Reveals Motivation/InfluencesDialogue can illuminate a character’s internal motivation or desires.

d) Establishes RelationshipsSeeing how a character addresses and responds to other characters shows the type of relationships that they form and where their relationships currently stand. Dialogue can demonstrate how relationships change throughout the course of the story. It can show how a character changes or responds to various situations.

Exercises for students on preparing a dialogue exchange between two people

1. On the street (with a vegetable vendor)2. At college with a lecturer (regarding admissions)3. In a bank with the manager (for opening a bank account)4. Telephone conversation with a hotel receptionist ( make room reserva-

tions ) 5. Telephone conversation (taking an appointment with the dentist/doctor)

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Language 2- Kannada

PÀ£ÀßqÀ : MAzÀÄ¥ÀoÀåPÀæªÀÄzÀ gÀÆ¥ÀgÉÃSÉ¸ÁÜ£À : ©.J¸ï.¹. (C¯ÉÊqï ºÉ¯ïÛ ¸ÉÊ£ïìPÉÆÃ¸ïð) ªÉÆzÀ®ªÀµÀð¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄ : 30 WÀAmÉUÀ¼ÀÄ (ªÀÄÆªÀvÀÄÛ WÀAmÉUÀ¼ÀÄ)¥ÀoÀåPÀæªÀÄzÀ «ªÀgÀuÉ : «zÁåyð/ «zÁåyð¤AiÀÄgÀÄ ¢£À¤vÀå ¸ÀA¥ÀQð¸À§ºÀÄzÁzÀ d£À¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀågÉÆqÀ£É ±ÀÄ±ÀÆæµÉUÉ ¸ÀA§A¢ü¹zÀAvÉ PÀ£ÀßqÀzÀ°è ¸ÀA¨sÁµÀuÉ ªÀiÁqÀ®Ä ºÁUÀÆ w¼ÀÄªÀ½PÉ ¤ÃqÀ®Ä ¸ÀºÀPÁgÀªÁUÀÄªÀAvÉ ¥ÀoÀåPÀæªÀÄzÀ ªÀiÁzÀjAiÀÄ£ÀÄß C¼ÀªÀr¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ.GzÉÝÃ±À : ¢£À§¼ÀPÉAiÀÄ ªÀåªÀºÁgÀzÀ°è ±ÀÄ±ÀÆæµÀuÉUÉ ¸ÀA§AzsÀ¥ÀlÖAvÉ PÀ£ÀßqÀ ¨sÁµÉUÉ C¼ÀªÀrPÉ.PÀ£ÀßqÉÃvÀgÀjUÉ PÀ£ÀßqÀ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ ¥ÀjZÀAiÀÄ ªÀiÁrPÉÆqÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ.

¥ÀoÀåPÀæªÀÄzÀ «ªÀgÀuÉWÀlPÀMAzÀÄ (DgÀÄ WÀAmÉUÀ¼ÀÄ) : CPÀëgÀªÀiÁ¯É, ¸ÀégÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, ªÀåAd£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, ssPÁUÀÄtÂvÀ, §gÀªÀtÂUÉ, C¨sÁå¸À.ZÀlÄªÀnPÉ : 1. PÀ£ÀßqÀ ªÀtðªÀiÁ¯ÉAiÀÄ CPÀëgÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß §gÉ¬Äj.

WÀlPÀJgÀqÀÄ (DgÀÄ WÀAmÉUÀ¼ÀÄ) : ¥ÀzÀ¥ÀjZÀAiÀÄ, ¥ÀzÀ¥ÀÄAd, ¢£À§¼ÀPÉAiÀÄ ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¸ÀA§AzsÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, £ÁªÀÄ¥ÀzÀ, ¸ÀªÀð£ÁªÀÄ, CAQUÀ¼À ¥ÀjZÀAiÀÄ, ¥Àæ±ÁßxÀðPÀ ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ. ZÀlÄªÀnPÉ : 1. ¤ªÀÄUÉ w½¢gÀÄªÀ ««zsÀ gÉÆÃUÀUÀ¼À ºÉ¸ÀgÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀnÖªÀiÁr. 2. ¤ªÀÄUÉ w½¢gÀÄªÀ wAr - w¤¸ÀÄUÀ¼À ºÉ¸ÀgÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀnÖªÀiÁr.WÀlPÀªÀÄÆgÀÄ (DgÀÄ WÀAmÉUÀ¼ÀÄ) : °AUÀ, ªÀZÀ£À, CªÀåAiÀÄ, wAr - w¤¸ÀÄUÀ¼À ¥ÀjZÀAiÀÄ, zÉÃºÀzÀ CAUÀUÀ¼À ¥ÀjZÀAiÀÄ, ««zsÀ §UÉAiÀÄ gÉÆÃUÀUÀ¼À ¥ÀjZÀAiÀÄ.ZÀlÄªÀnPÉ : gÉÆÃVAiÀÄ «ªÀgÀ w½AiÀÄ®Ä D¸ÀàvÉæAiÀÄ°è §¼À¸À¯ÁUÀÄªÀ £ÀªÀÄÆ£ÉAiÀÄ ªÀiÁzÀj gÀa¹.

WÀlPÀ £Á®ÄÌ (DgÀÄ WÀAmÉUÀ¼ÀÄ) : ±ÀÄ±ÀÆæµÀuÁ ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, D¸ÀàvÉæAiÀÄ°è §¼À¸ÀÄªÀ ««zsÀ £ÀªÀÄÆ£ÉUÀ¼À ¥ÀjZÀAiÀÄ, £ÀªÀÄÆ£ÉUÀ¼À gÀZÀ£É.ZÀlÄªÀnPÉ : ±ÀÄ±ÀÆæPÀgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gÉÆÃVAiÀÄ £ÀqÀÄ«£À ¸ÀA¨sÁµÀuÉAiÀÄ ªÀiÁzÀjAiÀÄ£ÀÄß vÀAiÀiÁj¹.

WÀlPÀ LzÀÄ (DgÀÄ WÀAmÉUÀ¼ÀÄ) : ±ÀÄ±ÀÆæPÀgÀ ºÁUÀÆ gÉÆÃVUÀ¼À £ÀqÀÄªÉ £ÀqÉAiÀÄÄªÀ ̧ ÀA¨sÁµÀuÉUÉ ̈ ÉÃPÁzÀ ªÁPÀåUÀ¼À ¥ÀjZÀAiÀÄ.

CzsÀåAiÀÄ£ÀPÉÌ ² ¥sÁgÀ¸ÀÄì ªÀiÁqÀ¯ÁVgÀÄªÀ UÀæAxÀUÀ¼ÀÄ1. PÀ£ÀßqÀ ªÁåPÀgÀt (8,9 ªÀÄvÀÄÛ 10£ÉÃ vÀgÀUÀwUÀ½UÉ PÀ£ÁðlPÀ ¸ÀPÁðgÀ, ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀÄ¸ÀÛPÀUÀ¼À E¯ÁSÉ) 2. ªÀåªÀºÁjPÀPÀ£ÀßqÀ : JZÉÑ¸ÉÌ3. ¥ÀvÀæ¯ÉÃR£À : PÀ£ÀßqÀ¸Á»vÀå¥ÀjµÀvÀÄÛ4. ¯ÉÃR£ÀPÀ¯É : J£ï¥ÀæºÁèzÀgÁªï5. DgÉÆÃUÀå ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EvÀgÉ ¥Àæ§AzsÀUÀ¼ÀÄ : qÁ. ¦.J¸ï ±ÀAPÀgï 6. ªÉÊzÀå ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼À ºÀÄlÄÖgÀZÀ£É : qÁ. r.J¸ï.²ªÀ¥Àà

PÀ£ÀßqÀ: JgÀqÀÄ¥ÀoÀåPÀæªÀÄzÀ gÀÆ¥ÀgÉÃSÉ¸ÁÜ£À : ©.J¸ï¹(C¯ÉÊqï ºÉ¯ïÛ ¸ÉÊ£ïìPÉÆÃ¸ïð) ªÉÆzÀ® ªÀµÀð¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄ : 30 WÀAmÉUÀ¼ÀÄ (ªÀÄÆªÀvÀÄÛ WÀAmÉUÀ¼ÀÄ)GzÉÝÃ±À : d£ÀgÀ DgÉÆÃUÀåzÀ §UÉÎ ¸ÀªÀÄÄzÁAiÀÄPÉÌ w¼ÀÄªÀ½PÉ PÉÆqÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ.

28

II SEMESTER

Core 4-GENERAL PATHOLOGY

Unit 1- Introduction- & scope of pathology 12hrsCell injury and Cellular adaptations- Normal cell, Cell injury- types, etiology, mor-phology,Cell death-autolysis, necrosis, apoptosis, Cellular adaptations- atrophy, hypertrophy,hyperplasia, metaplasia.Inflammation- Introduction, acute inflammation- vascular events, cellular events,chemical mediators, chronic inflammation- general features, granuloma-tous inflammation, tuberculosis.Healing and repair- Definition,different phases of healing, factors influencing wound healing, fracture healing. Haemodynamic disorders- Oedema,hypermia,congestion,haemorrhage,embo-lism,thrombosis,infarction.Neoplasia- Defintion, nomenclature, features of benign and malignant tumors, Spread of tumors,Dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, precancerous lesions.Environmental and nutritional pathology- smoking, radiation injury, malnutrition, obesity, vitamin deficiencies.

Unit 2- HAEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS 12hrs.Introduction and HaematopoiesisAnaemia- introduction and classification(morphological and etiological), iron defi-ciency anemia:distribution of body iron, iron absorption, causes of iron deficiency, lab findings, megaloblastic anamia: causes ,labfindings, Haemolytic anemias: defi-nition. Causes,classification and labfindings.WBC disorders- quantitative disorders, leukemia-introduction and classification, acute leukemias, chronic leukemias.Bleeding disorders- introduction, physiology of hemostasis. Classification, causes of inherited and acquired bleeding disorders, thrombocytopenia DIC, laboratory findings Pancytopenia.

Unit- 3 BASIC HEMATOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES 12 hrsCharacteristics of good technician, Blood collection- methods (capillary blood, ve-nipuncture, arterial puncture) complications, patient after care, anticoagulants, transport of the specimen, preservation, effects of storage, separation of serum and plasma, universal precautions, complete hemogram- CBC, peripheral smear, BT, CT, PT, APTT, ESR, disposal of the waste in the laboratory.

UNIT 4- TRANSFUSION MEDICINE 12 hrsSelection of donor , blood grouping, Rh typing, cross matching, storage, transfu-sion transmitted diseases, transfusion reactions, components- types, indications.

UNIT 5- Clinical Pathology 12 hrs- Introduction to clinical pathology- collection, transport, preservation, and pro-cessing of various clinical specimens.Urinalysis- collection. Preservatives, physical, chemical examination and micros-copy, physical examination; volume ,color, odor, appearance, specific gravity and ph, chemical examination;strip method- protein- heat and acetic acid test, sul-fosalicylic acid method, reducing sugar- benedicts test, ketone bodies- rotheras test, bile pigments- fouchet method, bile salt- hays method, blood- benzidine test, urobilinogen and porphobilinogen- ehrlich aldehyde and schwartz test, bence jones protein., microscopy.

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Examination of cerebrospinal fluid- – physical examination , chemical examination, microscopic examination, examination of body fluids ( pleural, pericardial and peri-toneal) , physical examination, chemical examination, microscopic examination, sputum examination.

PRACTICALS: Laboratory organization-Reception of specimen, dispatch of reports, records keeping, coding of cases.Laboratory safety guidelines.SI units and conventional units in hospital laboratory.Haematology techniques Basic requirements for hematology laboratoryGlasswares for hematologyEquipments for haematology.Anticoagulant vialsComplete blood counts.Determinations of haemoglobin.RBC count and TLC by hemocytometer.Differential leukocyte count.Determination of platelet countDetermination of ESR and PCV.Erythrocyte Indices- MCV, MCH, MCHC.Reticulocyte countAbsolute eosinophilic countMorphology of blood cellsUrinanalysisExamination of cerebrospinal fluidExamination of body fluids( pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)Sputum examination.

PRACTICAL EXAMINATION- 40 marks.SPOTTERS- 10 marks.Estimation of Haemoglobin or blood grouping- 10 marks.Urine analysis- 10 marks.Determination of ESR and PCV- 10 marks.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS RECENT EDITIONS.• Basic pathology Robbins Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.,Philadelphia,

USA.• Text book of pathology Harsha mohan jaypee brothers, new delhi.• Practical pathology P. Chakraborthy, Gargi Chakarborty New Central book

agency, Kolkata.• Text book of Haematology Dr Tejinder singh Arya publications, sirmour(H P)• Text book of Medical Laboratory Technology Praful Godkar Bhalani publica-

y=tions house, Mumbai.• Textbook of medical Laboratory Technology Ramanik sood• Practical Haematology Sir John Dacie Churchill Livingstone, London.• Todd and Sanford, clinical diagnosis and management by Laboratory Meth-

odsjohn Bernard Henry All India Traveller Bookseller.• Histopathology Techniques, Culling.• Histopathology Techniques Bancroft

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• Diagnostic Cytopathology Koss• Diagnostic Cytopathology Winfred grey• Hand book of Medical laboratory Technology CMC Vellore• Basic Haematological Techniques Manipal.

II SEMESTER

Core 5- MICROBIOLOGY

Theory –Unit – 1 General Microbiology 12 hrs

1. Morphology and classification of microorganisms.2. Growth, nutrition and multiplication of bacteria 3. Sterilization and Disinfection - Principles and use of equipments of steril-

ization namely hot air oven, autoclave and serum inspissator, pasteuriza-tion, antiseptics and disinfectants

4. Immunology – antigen, Antibodies, Immunity, vaccines, types of vaccine and immunization schedule.

5. Hospital acquired infection - 6. Causative agents, transmission methods, investigation, prevention and

control of hospital Acquired infections.

Unit – 2 Bacteriology 12 hrsClassification of bacteria, morphology, infections, lab diagnosis, treatment and prevention of common bacterial infections. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneu-mococcus, Neisseria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Clostridia, Enterobacteriaceae - Shigella, Salmonella, Klebsiella, E.coli, Proteus, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas and Spirochetes

Unit 3 – Mycobacteriology & Parasitology 12 hrs Mycobacteria- classification, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis and prevention Classi-fication, infections and lab diagnosis of following parasites. Entamoeba, Giardia, Malaria, Hookworm, Roundworm and Filarial worms.

Unit 4 - Mycology 12 hrsMorphology, disease caused and lab diagnosis of following fungi. Candida, Crypto-coccus, Dermatophytes, opportunistic fungi (Aspergillus, Zygomycetes and Peni-cillium)

Unit 5 - Virology 12 hrsGeneral properties of viruses, diseases caused lab diagnosis and prevention of following viruses, Herpes, Hepatitis, HIV, Dengue, Influenza, Chikungunya, Rabies andPoliomyelitis.

Practicals: 20 hrs1. Compound microscope and its application in microbiology2. Demonstration of sterilization equipments: hot air oven, autoclave, bacte-

rial filters. Demonstration of commonly used culture media, nutrient broth, nutrient agar, blood agar, chocolate agar, Mac conkey medium, L J media, Robertson cooked meat media, MacConkey agar with LF & NLF, Nutrient agar with staph colonies.Anaerobic culture, Methods and Antibiotic suscep-tibility test.

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3. Demonstration of common serological tests: Widal, VDRL, ASLO, CRP, RF, Rapid tests for HIV, Hbsag and HCV.

4. Grams staining.5. Acid fast staining.6. Principles and practice of Biomedical waste management

Practical examination patternSpotters (10 spotters carrying 2 marks each) 20 marksCulture media – 6Equipments - 2Slides - 2

Discussion: 1. Gram stain 10 marks2. Ziehl- Neelsen stain 10 marks

REFERENCE BOOKS1. Anathanarayana&Panikar: Medical Microbiology – Revised 8th Edition Uni-

versity Press.2. Parasitology by Chatterjee – Interpretation to Clinical medicine.3. Textbook of microbiology- Baveja, 5 th edition, Arya publications4. Textbook for laboratory technicians by RamnikSood.Jaypee publishers5. Textbook of parasitology by Paniker. 7 th edition

II SEMESTER

Core- 6- PharmacologyUnit 1- General Pharmacology , ANS , PNS. 12 Hrs.Sources of DrugsRoute of drug administrationPharmacokinetics(Absorption, Metabolism, Distribution, Excretion)Pharmacodynamics( Mechanisms of action)Adverse drug reactions ANS : ADRENERGIC drugs -Adrenaline , Noradrenaline, Ephidrine, Dopamine, DobutamineAnti adrenergic-Phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, Prazocin, Tamsulosin, Propran-olol, Atenolol, CarvidelolCholinergic drugs-Acetyl choline, Pilocarpine, Neostigmine, Organophosphorous compoundsAnti cholinergic agents-Atropine, Glycopyrrolate, Ipratropium Bromide, Dicyclo-mine

Unit 2- PNS, CVS, Renal system 12 hrsSkeletal muscle relaxants-D Tubocurarine, Succinyl choline, Diazepam, DantrolineLocal anaesthetics-lignocaine,la+vasoconstrictorCVS-ionotropic agents -Digoxin, Antianginal drugs-GTN, Antihypertensives- Betablockers (Propranolol, Atenolol, carvidelol) ,CCBs(Nifed-eine), Diuretics(Thiazide, Furesemide, ,ace inhibitors, ARBs, ClonidineDrugs used in treatment of different types of shock, Plasma expandersRenal system-Diuretics Furosemide, Thiazide, SpiranolactoneAntidiuretics-Vasopressin

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Unit 3 CNS, Blood 12 hrsCNS-general Anaesthetics-nitrous oxide, Halothane, iv anaestheticsSedative hypnotics-diazepam,barbiturates,zolpidemAntiepileptics-Phenytoin,carbamezapine,phenobarbitone,valproateOpioid analgesics-morphine,pethidine ,codeineNSAIDS-Aspirin, Diclofenacibuprofen, Selective COX2 inhibitorsRespiratory system-treatment of cough And Bronchial asthmaBlood-Hematinics, Anticoagulants -Warfarin, HeparinThrombolytics & Antiplatelet drugs-streptokinase,/ aspirin, clopidogrel

Unit 4 GIT,Chemotherapy 12 hrsGIT-drugs used in peptic ulcer-ppi,H2 blockers, AntacidsAntiemetics -Metaclopromide, Domperidone, OndensetronPurgatives & Laxatives-bran, ispaghula, Lactulose, Bisacodyl &sennaDrugs used in Diarrhoea- ORS, Super ORS, Antimotility drugs(loperamide,diphe-noxylate)Chemotherapy-general considerations MOA,Resistance,ProphylaxisSulfonamides, cotrimoxazoles,QuinolonesTetracyclines,chloramphenicolBetalactam antibiotics

Unit 5,Chemotherapy , Hormones. 12 hrsAminoglycosidesMacrolides,other antibiotics(vancomycin,linezolid) & treatment of UTIAntifungal(clotrimazole,flucanozole)Antiviral (Acyclovir, Few drugs used inHAART,)Cancer chemotherapy(names, common Adverse effects, general principles in the treatment of cancer )Hormones-Corticosteroids its uses and adverse effects,Treatment of Diabetes mellitus(insulin, Metformin, Glibenclamide)

PRACTICALS SYLLABUS : -20 hrs

Practical examination : 40 marks Dosage formsSolid Dosage formsLiquid Dosage formsGaseous Dosage formsOral routeParentral routesNovel routes Fixed dose combination-Amoxycillin+clavulinic acid, -cotrimoxazole, Ligno-caine+AdrenalineDrug stations-Adrenaline, dopamine, Dobutamine)Drug stations-Corticosteroids(hydrocortisone, prednisalone, inhaltional steroids)Drug stations-common antibiotics(amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin ,Azithromycin, Metro-nidazole, Cephalosporins)Drug stations-Insulin preparationsInstrument & devices(Nasogastric tube, laryngoscope, Different Cathetors, nebu-lizers, Inhalers, Rotahalers)

33

1. Dosage forms : 15 marks (5 X 3 ) capsules , tablets , syrup , iv , im , sc , ia , intra articular advantages ( 1 mark) , disadvantages ( 1 mark) examples ( 1 mark )

2. Mention The Name Of The Device/Instruments And Uses : 15 Marks (5x3)

INHALARES ,ROTAHALERS , SPACEHALERS , DRIPSETS , VASOFIX , RYLES TUBE, URINARY CATHETER , ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE , HAND GLOVES

3. 10 Spotters : 10 Marks (10x 1) 2 Uses Of Preparation

Recommended books.1. k.d. tripathi, essentials of medical pharmacology, v. edition, m/s. jay-

peebrothers, post box, 7193, g-16, emca house, 23/23, bansari road,daryaganj, new delhi.

2. padmaja udaykumar –pharmacology for allied sciences3. r. s. satoskar, s.d. bhandarkar, s. s. ainapure, pharmacology andpharma-

cotherapeutics, 18th edition, single volume, m/s popular prakashan,350, madan mohan marg, tardeo, bombay – 400 034.

34

SEMESTER-II

Allied-1 Introduction to Forensic Science

OBJECTIVES: Learning Objectives: After studying this paper the students will know –

a. The significance of forensic science to human society. b. The fundamental principles and functions of forensic science. c. The divisions in a forensic science laboratory. d. The working of the forensic establishments in India and abroad

CONTENTSTheory: Unit 1: History of Development of Forensic Science in India 12 hrsFunctions of forensic science. Historical aspects of forensic science. Definitions and concepts in forensic science. Scope of forensic science. Need of forensic science. Basic principles of forensic science. Frye case and Daubert standard.

Unit 2: Tools and Techniques in Forensic Science 12 hrsBranches of forensic science. Forensic science in international perspectives, includ-ing set up of INTERPOL and FBI. Duties of forensic scientists. Code of conduct for forensic scientists. Qualifications of forensic scientists. Data depiction. Report writing.

Unit 3: Organizational set up of Forensic Science Laboratories in India 12 hrsHierarchical set up of Central Forensic Science Laboratories, State Forensic Sci-ence Laboratories, Government Examiners of Questioned Documents, Fingerprint Bureaus, National Crime Records Bureau, Police & Detective Training Schools, Bu-reau of Police Research & Development, Directorate of Forensic Science and Mobile Crime Laboratories. Police Academies. Police dogs. Services of crime laboratories. Basic services and optional services.

Unit: 4 - Forensic science laboratories and facilities 12 hrsGrowth of Forensic Science Laboratories in India – Central and State levellaboratoriesEducational setup in Forensic Science in IndiaServices and functionalities provided by various FSLsVarious divisions in the FSL – Ballistics, Biology, Chemistry Documents, Physics, Psychology, Serology, Toxicology

Unit: 5- Crime scene management 12 hrsTypes of crime scenes – primary, secondary, crime scenes based on size of evi-denceCrime scene Management – initial response, role of first responding officer,duty management Forensic Scientists, Investigating officers and their assigned role and dutiesRole of the Police and Judiciaries, Fire Brigade, Medico-legal officers ando-ther experts

35

PRACTICAL : 1. To study the history of crime cases from forensic science perspective. 2. To cite examples of crime cases in which apprehensions arose because of

Daubert standards. 3. To review the sections of forensic science at INTERPOL and compare with

those in Central Forensic Science Laboratories in India. Include sugges-tions for improvements if any.

4. To study the annual reports of National Crime Records Bureau and depict the data on different type of crime cases by way of smart art/templates.

5. To write report on different type of crime cases. 6. To review how the Central Fingerprint Bureau, New Delhi, coordinates the

working of State Fingerprint Bureau7. To examine the hierarchical set up of different forensic science establish-

ments and suggest improvements. 8. To examine the list of projects undertaken by the Bureau of Police

Research and Development and suggest the thrust areas of research in Police Science.

9. To compare and contrast the role of a Police Academy and a Police Training School.

10. To compare the code of conduct prescribed by different establishments for forensic scientists.

Practical Examination Pattern (40 marks)1. Report writing of crime cases ( 20 marks)2. Code of conduct – Forensic scientists ( 10 marks)3. Expert opinion ( 10 marks)

Suggested Readings 1. B.B. Nanda and R.K. Tiwari, Forensic Science in India: A Vision for the

Twenty First Century, Select Publishers, New Delhi (2001). 2. M.K. Bhasin and S. Nath, Role of Forensic Science in the New Millennium,

University of Delhi, Delhi (2002). 3. S.H. James and J.J. Nordby, Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific

and Investigative Techniques, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005). 4. W.G. Eckert and R.K. Wright in Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd Edi-

tion, W.G. Eckert (ED.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997). 5. R. Saferstein, Criminalistics, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2004). 6. W.J. Tilstone, M.L. Hastrup and C. Hald, Fisher’s Techniques of Crime

Scene Investigation, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013).

36

II SEMESTER

Allied -2- PsychologyObjective ; After studying this applied paper, at the end of the semester students shall be able to demonstrate and develop the skills to understand patients better in the respective field..

Unit –I: Introduction to Psychology; Meaning and Definitions psychology. Evolu-tion of modern psychology. Scope of Psychology. Branches of psychology. Concept of normality and abnormality.

Unit –II: Identifying psychological disorders. Anxiety disorders (panic, phobia, OCD, PTSD signs symptoms and management).

Unit –III.: Stress, Hans Selye Model of stress. Lazarus and Folkman model of stress. Sources of stress. Stress, disease and health. Changing health- impairing behavior.

Unit-IV: Learning; Meaning, definition, Theories of learning .Pavlov‘s classical conditioning .Skinner’s operant conditioning.

Unit-V: Therapeutic Techniques. Counselling-meaning and definition. Psychotherapy- meaning and definition. Relaxation-types. (Brief introduction to psychoanalytical, behavioral and cbt techniques)

Books for study.1. C.P. Khokhar (2003) Text book of Stress Coping and Management shalab

publishing house.2. S.M. Kosslyn and R.S. Rosenberg(2006)Psychology in Context. Pearson

Education ,Inc.3. C.R. Carson, J.N. Bitcher, S.Mineka and J.M. Hooley (2007). Abnormal Psy-

chology13th, Pearson Education, Inc.4. D.A. Barlow and V.M. Durand (2004) Abnormal Psychology Wad-

sworth;Thompson Learning,3rd edition USA5. R.J . Gerrig and P.G. Zimbardo (2006) Psychology and life . . Pearson Edu-

cation ,Inc. 6. Pestonjee, D.M (1999). Stress and coping: The Indian experience (2nd

edn.) New Delhi: Sage India Publications

37

SEMESTER-III

Corte-7 Forensic Dermatoglyphics

Learning Objectives: After studying this paper the students will know –

a. The fundamental principles on which the science of fingerprinting is based. b. Fingerprints are the most infallible means of identification. c. The world’s first fingerprint bureau was established in India. d. The method of classifying criminal record by fingerprints was worked out

in India, and by Indians. e. The physical and chemical techniques of developing fingerprints on crime

scene evidence. f. The significance of foot, palm, ear and lip prints.

TheoryContentsUnit 1: Basics of Fingerprinting 12hrs Introduction and history, with special reference to India. Biological basis of fin-gerprints. Formation of ridges. Fundamental principles of fingerprinting. Types of fingerprints. Fingerprint patterns. Fingerprint characters/minutiae. Plain and rolled fingerprints. Classification and cataloguing of fingerprint record. Automated Fin-gerprint Identification System.

Unit 2: Development of Fingerprints 12hrs Latent prints. Constituents of sweat residue. Latent fingerprints’ detection by phys-ical and chemical techniques. Mechanism of detection of fingerprints by different developing reagents. Application of light sources in fingerprint detection. Pres-ervation of developed fingerprints. Digital imaging for fingerprint enhancement. Fingerprinting the deceased. Developing fingerprints on gloves.

Unit 3: POROSCOPY 12hrs Significance of poroscopy and edgeoscopy.

Unit 4: LIP PRINTS 12hrs Lip prints - Nature, location, collection and examination of lip prints.

Unit 5: Other Impressions 12hrs Importance of footprints. Casting of foot prints, Electrostatic lifting of latent foot prints. Palm prints. Ear prints and their significance. Palm prints and their histor-ical importance. Suggested Readings

1. J.E. Cowger, Friction Ridge Skin, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1983). 2. D.A. Ashbaugh, Quantitative-Qualitative Friction Ridge Analysis, CRC

Press, Boca Raton (2000). 3. C. Champod, C. Lennard, P. Margot an M. Stoilovic, Fingerprints and other

Ridge Skin Impressions, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2004). 4. Lee and Gaensleen’s, Advances in Fingerprint Technology, 3rd Edition, R.S.

Ramotowski (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013).

38

SEMESTER-III

Core-8 Criminal Law

OBJECTIVES:Learning Objectives: After studying this paper the students will know –

a. Elements of Criminal Procedure Code related to forensic science. b. Acts and provisions of the Constitution of India related to forensic science. c. Acts governing socio-economic crimes. d. Acts governing environmental crimes.

TheoryCONTENTSUnit 1: Law to Combat Crime 12 hrsClassification – civil, criminal cases. Essential elements of criminal law. Constitu-tion and hierarchy of criminal courts. Criminal Procedure Code. Cognizable and non-cognizable offences. Bailable and non-bailable offences. Sentences which the court of Chief Judicial Magistrate may pass. Summary trials – Section 260(2). Judgements in abridged forms – Section 355.

Unit 2: Indian Penal Code 12 hrsIndian Penal Code pertaining to offences against persons – Sections 121A, 299, 300, 302, 304A, 304B, 307, 309, 319, 320, 324, 326, 351, 354, 359, 362. Sec-tions 375 & 377 and their amendments. Indian Penal Code pertaining to offences against property Sections – 378, 383, 390, 391, 405, 415, 420, 441, 463, 489A, 497, 499, 503, 511.

Unit 3:Criminal Procedure code and Indian evidence Act 12 hrsIndian Evidence Act – Evidence and rules of relevancy in brief. Expert witness. Cross examination and re-examination of witnesses. Sections 32, 45, 46, 47, 57, 58, 60, 73, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141. Section 293 in the code of criminal procedure.

Unit 4: Constitution of India 12 hrsPreamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy. – Articles 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 51A.

Unit 5: Acts Pertaining to Socio-economic and Environmental Crimes 12 hrsNarcotic, Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act. Essential Commodity Act. Drugs and Cosmetics Act. Explosive Substances Act. Arms Act. Dowry Prohibition Act. Prevention of Food Adulteration Act. Prevention of Corruption Act. Wildlife Protec-tion Act. I.T. Act. Environment Protection Act. Untouchability Offences Act

Practicals :1. To prepare a schedule of five cognizable and five non-cognizable offences. 2. To study the powers and limitations of the Court of Judicial Magistrate of

First Class. 3. To prepare a schedule of the offences which may be tried under Section

260(2) of Criminal Procedure Code. 4. To study a crime case in which an accused was punished on charge of

murder under Section 302.

39

5. To study a crime case in which an accused was punished on charge of rape under Section 375.

6. To cite example of a case in which the opinion of an expert was called for under Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act.

7. To cite a case wherein a person was detained under Article 22(5) of the Indian Constitution. Express your views whether the rights of the person as enlisted in this Article were taken care of.

8. To cite a case under Article 14 of the Constitution of India wherein the Right to Equality before Law was allegedly violated.

9. To list the restrictions imposed on Right to Freedom of Worship under the Constitution of India.

10. To prepare a schedule of persons convicted under Narcotics, Drugs and Psychotropic Act statistically analyze the age group to which they be-longed.

11. To study a case in which Drugs and Cosmetic Act was invoked. 12. To study a case in which Explosive Substances Act was invoked. 13. To study a case in which Arms Act was invoked. 14. In light of Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code, cite a case involving

dowry death. 15. To study a case wherein the Untouchability Offences Act was invoked on

the basis of Article 15 of the Constitution of India.

Practical Examination Pattern ( 40 marks)1.Expert opinion ( 20 marks)2.critical analysis of sections of IPC, IEA ( 20 marks)

Suggested Readings 1. D.A. Bronstein, Law for the Expert Witness, CRC Press, Boca Raton

(1999). 2. Vipa P. Sarthi, Law of Evidence, 6th Edition, Eastern Book Co., Lucknow

(2006). 3. A.S. Pillia, Criminal Law, 6th Edition, N.M. Tripathi Pvt Ltd., Mumbai

(1983). 4. R.C. Nigam, Law of Crimes in India, Volume I, Asia Publishing House, New

Delhi (1965). 5. (Chief Justice) M. Monir, Law of Evidence, 6th Edition, Universal Law Pub-

lishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2002).

40

SEMESTER-III

Core-9 Crime and Society

OBJECTIVES: Learning Objectives: After studying this paper the students will know –

a. The importance of criminology. b. The causes of criminal behavior. c. The significance of criminal profiling to mitigate crime. d. The consequences of crime in society. e. The elements of criminal justice system.

CONTENTSTheory:

Unit 1: Basics of Criminology 12 hrsDefinition, aims and scope. Theories of criminal behavior – classical, positivist, sociological. Criminal anthropology.

Unit 2 : Criminal profiling 12 hrsCriminal profiling. Understanding modus operandi. Investigative strategy. Role of media.

Unit 3: Crime 12 hrsElements, nature, causes and consequences of crime. Deviant behavior. Hate crimes, organized crimes and public disorder, domestic violence and workplace violence. White collar crimes Victimology. Juvenile delinquency. Social change and crime. Psychological Disor-ders and Criminality. Situational crime prevention.

Unit 4: Criminal Justice System- I 12 hrsBroad components of criminal justice system. Policing styles and principles. Po-lice’s power of investigation.

Unit 5: Criminal Justice System- II 12 hrsFiling of criminal charges. Community policing. Policing a heterogeneous society. Correctional measures and rehabilitation of offenders. Human rights and criminal justice system in India.

Practicals 1. To review past criminal cases and elucidate which theory best explains the

criminal behavior of the accused. 2. To review crime cases where criminal profiling assisted the police to appre-

hend the accused. 3. To cite examples of crime cases in which the media acted as a pressure

group. 4. To evaluate the post-trauma stress amongst victims of racial discrimina-

tion. 5. To correlate deviant behavior of the accused with criminality (take a specif-

ic example). 6. To evaluate victimology in a heinous crime.

41

7. To examine a case of juvenile delinquency and suggest remedial mea-sures.

8. To evaluate how rising standards of living affect crime rate. 9. To review the recommendations on modernization of police stations and

evaluate how far these have been carried out in different police stations. 10. To visit a ‘Model Police Station’ and examine the amenities vis-à-vis con-

ventional police stations. 11. To examine steps being taken for rehabilitation of former convicts and

suggest improvements. 12. To prepare a report on interrogation cells and suggest improvements.

Practical Examination pattern (40 marks)1. Expert opinion (20 marks)2.Victimology (20 marks)

Suggested Readings 1. S.H. James and J.J. Nordby, Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific

and Investigative Techniques, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005). 2. D.E. Zulawski and D.E. Wicklander, Practical Aspects of Interview and In-

terrogation, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2002). 3. R. Saferstein, Criminalistics, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2004). 4. J.L. Jackson and E. Barkley, Offender Profiling: Theory, Research and Prac-

tice, Wiley, Chichester (1997). 5. R. Gupta, Sexual Harassment at Workplace, LexisNexis, Gurgaon (2014

SEMESTER III

Skill enhancement-1- Computer Application1. Overview

• Functionalities of a computer • Definition • Advantages • Disadvantages

2. Applications • Banking • Insurance • Education • Marketing • Health Care • Engineering Design • Military • Communication • Government

3. Generations• First Generation• Second Generation • Third Generation • Fourth Generation • Fifth Generation

42

4. Types of Computer• PC (Personal Computer) • Workstation • Minicomputer • Mainframe • Supercomputer

5. Components • Input Unit • CPU (Central Processing Unit) • Output Unit

6. CPU – Central Processing Unit • Memory or Storage Unit• Control Unit • ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit) • Arithmetic Section • Logic Section

7. Input Devices • Keyboard• Mouse • Advantages • Joystick • Light Pen • Track Ball • Scanner • Digitizer • Microphone • Magnetic Ink Card Reader(MICR) • Optical Character Reader(OCR) • Bar Code Readers • Optical Mark Reader(OMR)

8. Output Devices • Monitors• Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Monitor • Flat-Panel Display Monitor • Printers • Impact Printers • Character Printers • Dot Matrix Printer • Daisy Wheel • Line Printers • Drum Printer • Chain Printer • Non-impact Printers • Laser Printers • Inkjet Printers

9. Memory• Cache Memory • Primary Memory (Main Memory) • Secondary Memory

10. Random Access Memory • Static RAM (SRAM)• Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

43

11. Read Only Memory • MROM (Masked ROM• PROM (Programmable Read only Memory) • EPROM(Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory) • EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory)• Advantages of ROM

12. Motherboard • Features of Motherboard • Popular Manufacturers • Description of Motherboard

13. Memory Units14. Ports

• Serial Port • Parallel Port • PS/2 Port • VGA Port • Power Connector • Firewire Port • Modem Port • Ethernet Port • Game Port • Digital Video Interface, DVI port • Sockets

15. Hardware • Relationship between Hardware and Software

16. Software • System Software • Application Software

17. Number System • Decimal Number System • Binary Number System • Octal Number • Hexadecimal Number System

18. Data and Information• Data Processing Cycle

19. Networking • Characteristics of Computer Network • Cables • Router • Network Card • Internal Network Cards• External Network Cards

20. Operating System• Objectives of Operating System • Characteristics of Operating System

21. Internet and Intranet • Similarities in Internet and Intranet • Differences in Internet and Intranet

22. Computer Viruses• Types of computer virus• 2Use of Antivirus software

44

PRACTICALS: Suggested Hands on Exercises Operating System:

1. Starting the Windows Starting a program, running a program Running multiple programs and switching between windows Customizing the Task bar Recycle bin, restoring the deleted files

2. Creating and removing folders Making the taskbar wider, arranging icons on the Desktop Displaying and hiding the taskbar clock Controlling the size of start menu options Creating Shortcuts.

3. Customizing desktop view Adding a program to the start menu Adding a program shortcut in the Desktop Customizing the mouse settings.

4. Expanding and collapsing a folder Recognizing File types using icons Run-ning a program from explorer Renaming a file or folder Sorting a folder

5. Displaying the properties for a file or folder Using cut and paste operations to move a file Using copy and paste operations to copy a file Moving and copying files with mouse Searching a file or folder by using search com-mand

6. Finding a file or folder, by name Defragmenting the disk, using disk de-fragmenter Controlling the speaker volume Recording and saving an audio file Connecting a printer to the PC

Word Processing:1. Preparing a Govt. Order / Official Letter / Business Letter / Circular Letter

Covering formatting commands - font size and styles - bold, underline, up-per case, lower case, superscript, subscript, indenting paragraphs, spacing between lines and characters, tab settings etc.

2. Preparing a news letter: To prepare a newsletter with borders, two col-umns text, header and footer and inserting a graphic image and page layout.

3. Creating and using styles and templates To create a style and apply that style in a document To create a template for the styles created and as-semble the styles for the template.

4. Creating and editing the table To create a table using table menu To cre-ate a monthly calendar using cell editing operations like inserting, joining, deleting, splitting and merging cells To create a simple statement for math calculations viz. Totaling the column.

5. Creating numbered lists and bulleted lists To create numbered list with different formats (with numbers, alphabets, roman letters) To create a bulleted list with different bullet characters.

6. Printing envelopes and mail merge. To print envelopes with from address-es and to addresses To use mail merge facility for sending a circular letter to many persons To use mail merge facility for printing mailing labels.

7. Using the special features of word To find and replace the text To spell check and correct. To generate table of contents for a document To pre-pare index for a document.

8. Create an advertisement Prepare a resume. Prepare a Corporate Circular letter inviting the shareholders to attend the Annual Meeting.

Work Sheet:1. Using formulas and functions: To prepare a Worksheet showing the month-

ly sales of a company in different branch offices (Showing Total Sales, Av-erage Sales). Prepare a Statement for preparing Result of 10 students in 5 subjects (using formula to get Distinction, I Class, II Class and Fail under Result column against each student).

45

2. Operating on the sheets: Finding, deleting and adding records, formatting columns, row height, merging, splitting columns etc. Connecting the Work-sheets and enter the data.

3. Creating Different type of Charts: To create a chart for comparing the monthly sales of a company in different branch offices.

4. Using the data consolidate command: To use the data consolidate com-mand to calculate the total amount budgeted for all departments (wages, travel and entertainment, office supplies and so on) or to calculate the average amount budgeted for – say, department office expenses.

5. Sorting Data, Filtering Data and creation of Pivot tables.

Presentation::1. Creating a new Presentation based on a template – using Auto content

wizard, design template and Plain blank presentation.2. Creating a Presentation with Slide Transition – Automatic and Manual with

different effects.3. Creating a Presentation applying Custom Animation effects – Applying

multiple effects to the same object and changing to a different effect and removing effects.

4. Inserting Objects Creating and Printing handouts.5. Publishing Presentation Exporting Presentations.

Internet:1. Understanding different types of Browser Programs and Internet file types.

(.html, .pdf etc.)2. Searching for a web site / application / text documents viewing and down-

loading.3. Create an E-mail account, Retrieving messages from inbox, replying, at-

taching files filtering and forwarding4. Operating on a Tablet / Smart Phone - browsing and practicing on some

important applications (UcBrowser, Skype) - operating on internet – cre-ating and sending messages / mails using the applications like WhatsApp and WeChat etc.- downloading text and media files and video conferencing using Skype.

46

SEMESTER III

Allied-3-- Environment science and health

Learning Objectives1. To know various Environmental factors Health 2. To learn the modes of disease transmission and various control measures

Unit 11. A. Introduction to Environment and Health and WaterEcological definition of Health, Population perspective of relations, Health & en-vironment perspective of relations, Environmental factors, Environmental Sani-tation, Need to study environmental health, Predominant reasons for ill-health in India

B. Water Safe and wholesome water, requirements, uses, sources; sanitary well; Hand pump; water Pollution; Purification of water; large scale & small scale; slow sand filters; rapid sand filters; Purification of Water on a small scale; Household purifi-cation, Disinfection of wells; water quality criteria & standards.

Unit 2: Air, Light, Noise, Radiation2 A. Air Composition, Indices of Thermal Comfort, Air pollutants, Air Pollution – Health Ef-fects, Environmental Effects, Green-house effect, Social & Economic Effects, Mon-itoring, Prevention & Control. 2. B. Light, Noise, RadiationNatural and Artificial light; Properties, sources, noise pollution and its control, types, sources, biological effects and protection.

Unit 3 Waste and Excreta Disposal 3 A. Disposal of Wastes Solid Wastes, Health hazards, Methods of Disposal; Dumping, Controlled tipping/ sanitary landfill, Incineration, Composting.

3 B. Excreta Disposal Public health importance, Health hazards, sanitation barrier, Methods of excreta disposal, unsewered areas and sewered areas, sewage, Modern Sewage Treat-ment.

Unit 4 Housing and Health and Medical Entomology4 A Housing and HealthHuman Settlement, Social goals of housing, Criteria for Healthful Housing by Expert Committee of the WHO, Housing standards- Environmental Hygiene Com-mittee, Rural Housing Standards, Overcrowding, Indicators of Housing.

4. B Medical EntomologyClassification of Arthropods, Routes of Disease transmission, Control measures.

Unit 5: Insecticides and Rodents 5 A. InsecticidesTypes, mechanism of action, dosage and application for control of insects.

47

5 B. Rodents Rodents and its importance in disease, along with anti-rodent measures.

References1. Park K. Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine. 23rd ed. Jabal-

pur: Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers; 2015. p.135-1412. Suryakantha. Textbook of Community medicine with recent advances. 3rd

edition3. Bhalwar R. Textbook of Public Health and Community Medicine.2nd edi-

tion. Pune: Department of community medicine AFMC; 20124. Essentials of Community Medicine for Allied Health Sciences, JSS AHER

Publications, 2015

SEMESTER IV

Core 10- Criminalistics OBJECTIVESLearning Objectives: After studying this paper the students will know –

a. The methods of securing, searching and documenting crime scenes. b. The art of collecting, packaging and preserving different types of physical

and trace evidence at crime scenes. c. The legal importance of chain of custody. d. The tools and techniques for analysis of different types of crime scene

evidence.

TheoryContentsUnit 1: Crime Scene Management I 12 hrsTypes of crime scenes – indoor and outdoor. Securing and isolating the crime scene. Crime scene search methods. Safety measures at crime scenes. Legal consider-ations at crime scenes.

Unit 2: Crime Scene Management II 12 hrsDocumentation of crime scenes – photography, videography, sketching and re-cording notes. Duties of first responders at crime scenes. Coordination between police person-nel and forensic scientists at crime scenes. The evaluation of 5Ws (who?, what?, when?, where?, why?) and 1H (how?). Crime scene logs.

Unit 3: Crime Scene Evidence 12 hrsClassification of crime scene evidence – physical and trace evidence. Locard prin-ciple. Collection, labeling, sealing of evidence. Hazardous evidence. Preservation of ev-idence. Chain of custody. Reconstruction of crime scene.

Unit 4: Forensic Physics – I 12 hrsGlass evidence – collection, packaging, analysis. Matching of glass samples by me-chanical fit and refractive index measurements. Analysis by spectroscopic meth-

48

ods. Fracture analysis and direction of impact. Paint evidence – collection, packaging and preservation. Analysis by destructive and non-destructive methods. Importance of paint evidence in hit and run cases. Fibre evidence – artificial and man-made fibres. Collection of fibre evidence. Iden-tification and comparison of fibres.

Unit 5: Forensic Physics - II 12 hrsSoil evidence – importance, location, collection and comparison of soil samples. Cloth evidence – importance, collection, analysis of adhering material. Matching of pieces. Toolmark evidence. Classification of toolmarks. Forensic importance of toolmarks. Collection, preservation and matching of toolmarks. Restoration of erased serial numbers and engraved marks.Forensic gemmology.

Practicals 1. To prepare a report on evaluation of crime scene. 2. To reconstruct a crime scene (outdoor and indoor). 3. To compare soil samples by density gradient method. 4. To compare paint samples by physical matching method. 5. To compare paint samples by thin layer chromatography method. 6. To compare glass samples by refractive index method. 7. To identify and compare tool marks. 8. To compare cloth samples by physical matching.

Practical examination pattern ( 40 MARKS)1. Sketching and photography of scene of crime ( 10 marks)2. Collection and packing of physical clues at the scene of crime (10 marks)3. Reconstruction and evaluation of scene of crime in Hit and Run, fire, ex-

plosion, thefts and burglaries, various types of deaths. ( 20 marks)

Suggested Readings 1. M. Byrd, Crime Scene Evidence: A Guide to the Recovery and Collection of

Physical Evidence, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2001). 2. T.J. Gardener and T.M. Anderson, Criminal Evidence, 4th Ed., Wadsworth,

Belmont (2001). 3. S.H. James and J.J. Nordby, Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific

and Investigative Techniques, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005). 4. W.J. Tilstone, M.L. Hastrup and C. Hald, Fisher’s, Techniques of Crime


49

SEMESTER-IV

CORE 11: Technological Methods in Forensic Science

OBJECTIVES:Learning Objectives:After studying this paper the students will know –

a. The importance of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques in processing crime scene evidence.

b. The utility of colorimetry, electrophoresis and neutron activation analysis in identifying chemical and biological materials.

c. The significance of microscopy in visualizing trace evidence and comparing it with control samples.

d. The usefulness of photography and videography for recording the crime scenes.

TheoryContentsUnit 1: Instrumentation - I 12 hrsSample preparation for chromatographic and spectroscopic evidence. Chromatograph-ic methods. Fundamental principles and forensic applications of thin layer chroma-tography, gas chromatography and liquid chromatography. Spectroscopic methods.

Unit 2: – Instrumentation - II 12 hrsFundamental principles and forensic applications of Ultraviolet-visible spectrosco-py, infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic emission spec-troscopy and mass spectroscopy. X-ray spectrometry.

Unit 3 : - Instrumentation – III 12 hrsColorimetric analysis and Lambert-Beer law. Electrophoresis – fundamental prin-ciples and forensic applications. Neutron activation analysis – fundamental princi-ples and forensic applications.

Unit 4: Microscopy 12 hrsFundamental principles. Different types of microscopes. Electron microscope. Comparison Microscope. Forensic applications of microscopy.

Unit 5: Forensic photography 12 hrsBasic principles and applications of photography in forensic science. 3D photogra-phy. Photographic evidence. Infrared and ultraviolet photography. Digital photog-raphy. Videography. Crime scene and laboratory photography.

Practicals 1. To determine the concentration of a colored compound by colorimetry

analysis. 2. To carry out thin layer chromatography of ink samples. 3. To carry out separation of organic compounds by paper chromatography. 4. To identify drug samples using UV-Visible spectroscopy. 5. To take photographs using different filters. 6. To take photographs of crime scene exhibits at different angles. 7. To record videography of a crime scene.

50

Practical Examination pattern ( 40 marks)1. UV-Visible spectroscopy ( 10 marks)2. Paper chromatography( 10 marks)3. Thin layer chromatography( 10 marks)4. Colorimetry analysis. ( 10 marks)

Suggested Readings 1. D.A. Skoog, D.M. West and F.J. Holler, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemis-

try, 6th Edition, Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth (1992). 2. W. Kemp, Organic Spectroscopy, 3rd Edition, Macmillan, Hampshire

(1991). 3. J.W. Robinson, Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis, 5th Edition, Marcel

Dekker, Inc., New York (1995). 4. D.R. Redsicker, The Practical Methodology of Forensic Photography, 2nd

Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2000).

SEMESTER-IV

CORE 12: Questioned Documents


a. The importance of examining questioned documents in crime cases. b. The tools required for examination of questioned documents. c. The significance of comparing hand writing samples. d. The importance of detecting frauds and forgeries by analyzing questioned

documents.

Theory ContentsUnit 1: Nature and Scope of Questioned Documents Definition of questioned documents. Types of questioned documents. Preliminary examination of documents. Basic tools needed for forensic documents’ .Examina-tion of documents – ultraviolet, visible, infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy, photomicrography, microphotography, visible spectral comparator, electrostatic detection apparatus. Determining the age and relative age of documents.

Unit 2: Comparison of Documents Comparison of handwriting. Development of individuality in handwriting. Natu-ral variations and fundamental divergences in handwritings. Class and individual characterstics. Merits and demerits of exemplar and non-exemplar samples during comparison of handwriting. Standards for comparison of handwriting. Comparison of paper, ink, printed documents, typed documents, Xeroxed documents.

Unit 3: Forgeries Alterations in documents, including erasures, additions, over-writings and obliter-ations. Indented and invisible writings. Charred documents.Examination of coun-terfeit Indian currency notes, passports, visas and stamp papers. Disguised writing and anonymous letters.

51

Suggested Readings 1. O. Hilton, Scientific Examination of Questioned Documents, CRC Press,

Boca Raton (1982). 2. A.A. Moenssens, J. Starrs, C.E. Henderson and F.E. Inbau, Scientific Evi-

dence in Civil and Criminal Cases, 4th Edition, Foundation Press, New York (1995).

3. R.N. Morris, Forensic Handwriting Identification: Fundamental Concepts and Principles, Academic Press, London (2000).

4. E. David, The Scientific Examination of Documents – Methods and Tech-niques, 2nd Edition, Taylor & Francis, Hants (1997).

IV SEMESTER

Skill enhancement-2 Biostatics and research methodology

Learning Objectives1. To have a basic knowledge of biostatistics and its applications in medicine2. To know various types of data presentation and data summarization in

Medical field3. To have overview of data analysis and sampling techniques4. To understand various study designs in Medical field 5. To know applications of various study designs in Medical Research

Unit 1.Introduction and Presentation of data Meaning , Branches of Statistics, Uses of statistics in medicine, Basic concepts, Scales of measurement, Collection of data, Presentation of data; Tabulation, Fre-quency Distribution, Diagrammatic and Graphical Representation of Data.

Unit 2. Measures of central tendency and Measures of Variation Arithmetic Mean (Mean), Median, Mode, Partition values, Range, Interquartile range , Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of Variation.

Unit 3. Probability and standard distributions Definition of some terms commonly encountered in probability, Probability dis-tributions; Binomial distribution ,Poisson distribution, Normal distribution, Diver-gence from normality; Skewness and kurtosis.

Unit 4. Census and Sampling MethodsCensus and sample survey, Common terms used in sampling theory, Non-proba-bility (Non random) Sampling Methods; Convenience sampling, Consecutive Sam-pling, Quota sampling, Snowball sampling, Judgmental sampling or Purposive sampling, Volunteer sampling, Probability (Random) Sampling methods; Simple random sampling, Systematic Sampling, Stratified Sampling, Cluster sampling, Multi-stage sampling, Sampling error, Non-sampling error.

Unit 5. Inferential statisticsParameter and statistic, Estimation of parameters; Point estimation, Interval Esti-mation, Testing of hypothesis; Null and alternative hypotheses, Type-I and Type-II Errors.

52

Unit 1 - Introduction to research methodologyTypes of research; Descriptive vs. Analytical, Applied vs. Fundamental, Quantita-tive vs. Qualitative, Conceptual vs. Empirical, Some Other Types of Research

Unit 2 – Study Designs-Observational StudiesEpidemiological study designs; Observational studies, Descriptive studies; Case reports, Case series, Analytical studies; Case control studies, Cohort studies, Cross sectional

Unit 3- Experimental StudiesExperimental studies (Intervention studies); Randomized control trials (Clinical trials), Field trials, Community trials.

Unit 4- Uses of Epidemiology

Unit 5- Application of study Designs in Medical Research

References1. K.R.Sundaram, S.N.Dwivedi and V Sreenivas (2010): Medical statistics,

principles and methods, BI Publications Pvt Ltd, New Delhi2. NSN Rao and NS Murthy (2008): Applied Statistics in Health Sciences,

Second Edition, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.3. J.V.Dixit and L.B.Suryavanshi (1996): Principles and practice of biostatis-

tics, First Edition, M/S Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers.4. GetuDegu and Fasil Tessema (2005): Biostatistics, Ethiopia Public Health

Training Initiative.5. Essentials of Community Medicine for Allied Health Sciences, JSS AHER

Publications, 206. Park K. Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine. 23rd ed. Jabal-

pur: Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers; 2015. p.135-1417. Suryakantha. Textbook of Community medicine with recent advances. 3rd

edition.8. Bhalwar R. Textbook of Public Health and Community Medicine.2nd Edi-

tion. Pune: Department of Community Medicine AFMC; 20129. Leon Gordis. Epidemiology Fourth Edition – Elsevier Saunders Publication

53

IV SEMESTER

Allied-4- Constitution of India

1. Unit – I: Meaning of the term ‘Constitution’. Making of the Indian Consti-tution 1946- 1950.

2. Unit – II: The democratic institutions created by the constitution, Bicam-eral system of Legislature at the Centre and in the States.

3. Unit – III: Fundamental rights and duties their content and significance.4. Unit – IV: Directive principles of States, policies the need to balance fun-

damental rights with directive principles.5. Unit – V: Special rights created in the Constitution for dalits, backwards,

women and children and the religious and linguistic minorities.6. Unit – VI: Doctrine of Separation of Powers, legislative, executive and

judicial and their functioning in India.7. Unit – VII: The Election Commission and State Public Service commis-

sions.8. Unit – VIII: Method of amending the Constitution.9. Unit – IX: Enforcing rights through writs.10. Unit – X: Constitution and sustainable development in India.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS: 1. J.C. Johari: The Constitution of India: A Politico-Legal Study. Sterling Pub-

lication, Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.2. J.N . Pandey: Constitution Law of India, Allahbad, Central Law Agency,

1998.3. Granville Austin: The Indian Constitution. Corner Stone of a Nation-Ox-

ford, New Delhi, 2000.

SEMESTER-V

CORE 13: FORENSIC CHEMISTRY & PHYSICS

FORENSIC CHEMISTRY

CONTENTSTheory: UNIT I 12 hrsChemistry Introduction to chemistry, Types of cases/exhibits received for analysis, Overview of forensic chemical analysis Quality management:Introduction to Quality, Quality Assurance, Quality control, TQMDefinition of Accreditation, History and development of ISOImportance of accreditation in Forensic science laboratories, Process of accredi-tation, Quality system, Procedure for sample selection, collection, preservation, packaging, identification, storage and transportTraceability and Validation of new methods, measurement of uncertainty, Equip-ment maintenance and calibration, Evaluation of materials and reagents, sample

54

and data handling in the laboratory, sample disposal, Assessment, interpretation and reporting of results Proficiency testing, external quality assessment programmes, internal audit/Exter-nal audit, MRMTraining and conferences

UNIT II 12 hrsNarcotic drugs & psychotropic substancesIntroduction to Controlled Substances, Classification of controlled substances, Pre-cursor chemicals, Narcotic raids and clandestine drug laboratoriesMandatory provisions of NDPS Act, 1985NDPS Drugs, Classification of DrugsCommonly abused drugs, Drug dependence and Drug ToleranceDesigner Drugs, Analysis of Drug of abuse by various chemical and instrumental methods Explosives Introduction, classification and chemistry of explosivesVarious types of IEDs and their reconstructionMechanism of explosion and their effectsSystematic examination of explosive and explosion residues (organic and inorgan-ic) by chemical and instrumental techniques and interpretation of resultsExplosives Act and Explosive Substance Act

UNIT III 12 hrs FireIntroduction to Fires, Types of Fires, and Causes of fire, Patterns of fireThermodynamics of fire Accelerants and incendiary devices, Forensic Analysis of Fire Debris by Instrumen-tal methodsForensic Analysis of petroleum products Introduction to petroleum products and adulteration in petroleum productsAnalysis of Petrol, Kerosene and Diesel as per BIS SpecificationsForensic Analysis of beveragesIntroduction to Alcoholic and non-alcoholic beveragesAnalysis of alcoholic beverages, country made liquor, illicit liquor and medicinal preparations containing alcohol as constituents.Analysis of non-alcoholic beverages like tea, coffee Bribe Trap Cases:Examination of Chemicals (Phenolphthalein) used in Bribe trap cases.Dyes:Introduction to Dyes, Types of DyesAnalysis of Dyes used in petrol and kerosene, paints and fibersAdulterated Food AnalysisAnalysis of samples taken under Food Adulteration ActFibers and Forensic Chemical AnalysisIntroduction to fibers, Classification of fibers, Analysis by microscopy, melting point and solubility testing of fibers, Chromatography, Spectroscopy and elemental anal-ysis of fibers.

PRACTICALS1. Qualitative and Quantitative analysis of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic

Substances by color tests, and Instrumental techniques2. Analysis of NSAID drug by UV

55

3. Qualitative analysis of Post blast residue by chemical test and Chromatog-raphy methods

4. Examinations of petroleum products as per BIS specifications5. Analysis of alcohol in blood by Head space GC6. Analysis of phenolphthalein in bribe cases7. Analysis of food samples by chemical methods

Practical Examination Pattern (40 marks)1. Analysis of phenolphthalein in bribe cases ( 10 marks)2. Analysis of food samples by chemical methods( 10 marks)3. Qualitative and Quantitative analysis of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic

Substances( 10 marks)4. Analysis of alcohol in blood by Head space GC( 10 marks)

Reference Books:1. Maudham Bassett etal; Voget’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analy-

sis, 6th Ed. Longman Essex 2. I. I. Finar: Oraganic Chemistry vol. II pearson Educatiopn (Sigapore)3. R. T. Morrison, Rn.N Boyd; Organic Chemistry, 6th Ed. Prentice Hall, New

Delhi 4. Brean S. Furniss Etal; A.I.Vogel Textbook Of Practical Oraganic Chemistry,

Addison Wesley Longman, Edinburg 5. A. Burger; Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. Ii, Wiley Interscience, Ny 6. D A Skoog, D.M. West, F.J. Holler; Analytical Chemistry – An Introduction,

7th Ed. Saunders College Pub, Philadelphia, USA 7. Boudreau JE, Etal; Arson & Arson Investigation, Survey & Assessment

National Institutes Of Law Enforcement, U.S. Deptt Of Justice, U.S. Govt Printing Press

8. Dettean J D; Kirk’s Fire Investigation, 5th Ed. Prentice Hall, Eaglewood Cliffs, N. J.

9. Yinon Jitrin; Modern Methods & Application In Analysis Of Explosives, John Wiley & Sons, England

10. Working Procedure Manual – Chemistry, Explosives And Narcotics, BPR&D Pub.

11. C.A. Watson; Official And Standardized Methods Of Analysis, Royal Society Of Chemistry, UK

12. Feigl; Spot Test In Inorganic Analysis, Elsevier Pub. New Delhi 13. Feigl; Spot Test In Organic Analysis, Elsevier Pub. New Delhi 14. Silverman; Organic Chemistry Of Drug Design & Drug Action, Elserier Pub.

New Delhi 15. Abraham Burger; Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, 6 Vol Set, 6th Ed

John Wiley & Sons, NY.

56

FORENSIC PHYSICS CONTENTSTheory:

UNIT: I 12 hrs

NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION, ELASTICITY & FLUIDDYNAMICSInterpretation and applications of Newton’s laws of motion, Pseudo forces,elas-tic properties of matter, elastic constants and their interrelations Fluid dynamics, equation of continuity, Bernoulli’s equation, stream line and turbulent flow, lines of flow in air foil, Purseuille’s equation

STUDY OF SOUNDVelocity of sound, noise and sound intensity measurement, echo,reverberation, Sabine’s Formula, absorption coefficient, acoustics of buildings and factors affect-ing acoustics of buildingsSound distribution in an auditorium, introduction to ultrasonic, production of ultra-sonic waves, applications of ultrasonics.

UNIT: II 6 hrsSTUDY OF LIGHTRefraction through thin layers, thick lens, thick lens and lens combinations,aber-rations, interference in thin films, fringes in wedge shaped films,Newton’s rings, simple table spectrophotometer, total internal reflection.LASER & FIBER OPTICSProduction of LASER, Types of LASER, Properties and applications of LASER, Opti-cal fibers, Propagation of light through optical fiber, Angle of acceptance and nu-merical aperture, losses, Solar cells.

UNIT: III 6 hrsRADIO ACTIVITYReview of nuclear composition, nuclear properties and half life, Radioactive decay schemesApplications of Radio Isotopes, Radiometric datingELECTRONICS CIRCUTS & DIGITAL ELECTRONICSBasics of LR, CR, LCR circuits, Rectifier circuits, Timer circuits, Transistor and its characteristics, Introduction to OPAM, remote sensing and controlling, Photo-sen-sors, Logic gates and their applications, Flip- flops and counters.

PRACTICALSName of experiment

1. Fly wheel2. Y by vibration3. ŋ of posseuli Method4. Spectrophotometer (determination of angle of prism A)5. Refractive index of liquid by using LASER6. Ultrasonic interferometer7. Sound Intensity measurement8. Laser Parameter9. Solar cell10. Combination of lenses11. Newton’s rings

57

12. Wedge shaped film13. Frequency of AC mains14. LDR characteristics15. LCR series resonance16. Bridge ratifer (to study load regulation)17. Transistor (CE) characteristics18. Dc morgan’s theorems19. Ex or gate, NAND and NOR as universal building blocks(Minimum 12 experiments)

Practical Examination Pattern (40 marks)1. Any 4 experiments ( 10 marks each)

References:1. Principle of Electronic by V.K. Gupta2. Digital Electronics by Malnino3. Digital Electronics by Flloyd4. Op-amp by Gaikwad5. Engineering Physics by Gaur and Gupta

SEMESTER-V

CORE 14: Forensic Medicine

OBJECTIVELearning Objectives: After studying this paper the students will know –

a. The duties of the first responding officer who receives a call on homicide or suicide case.

b. The steps involved in processing the death scene. c. The importance of ascertaining whether the crime was staged to appear

as suicide or accident. d. The importance of bloodstain patterns in reconstructing the crime scene. e. The importance of autopsy.

Theorycontents Unit 1: Death Investigations – I 12 hrsFundamental aspects and scope of forensic medicine. Approaching the crime scene of death. Obtaining first hand information from the caller. Rendering medical assistance to the victim, if alive. Protecting life. Recording dying declaration. Identifying witnesses and, if possible, suspect. Interviewing onlookers and segre-gating possible witnesses. Suspect in custody – initial interrogation and searching for evidence. Miranda warning card. Assessing the crime scene.

58

Unit 2: Death Investigations – II 12 hrsRequest for forensic team. Importance of command post and log book. Manage-ment of crowd and media. Importance of taking notes. Items to be a part of noting. Documenting the death scene. Processing evidence. Evaluation of injuries. Im-portance of canvass form. Indexing the death investigation. Handling buried body cases – search for buried bodies, methods of exhumation. Suicide cases – evalu-ating the type of injuries, gauging the psychological state of victim, suicide notes.

Unit 3: Forensic pathology 12 hrsForensic pathology. Medico-legal aspects of death. Causes of death. Determination of time since death. Investigation of sexual offences. Death by drowning. Injuries. Types and classification of injuries. Antemortem and post mortem injuries. Aging of injuries. Artificial injuries.

Unit 4: Clinical Forensic Medicine 12 hrsInvestigation of sexual offences, dealing Medicolegal cases.

Unit 5: Forensic Odontology 12 hrsDevelopment, scope and role of forensic odontology in mass disaster and anthro-pology. Types of teeth and their comparative anatomy. Bite marks. Forensic significance of bite marks. Collection, preservation and pho-tography of bite marks evidence. Legal aspects of bite marks. Estimation of age from teeth.

Practicals 1. To design a questionnaire for the first responder to the death scene. 2. To design a protocol to deal with the media at the crime scene. 3. To design a checklist for the forensic scientists at the death scene. 4. To design a canvass form giving description of an unidentified victim. 5. To analyze and preserve bite marks.6. Medico-legal report writing

Practical Examination Pattern ( 40 marks) 1. Victim profiling ( 10 marks)2. Medico- legal Report writing ( 20 marks)3. Expert opinion ( 10 marks)

Suggested Readings 1. K. Smyth, The Cause of Death, Van Nostrand and Company, New York

(1982). 2. M. Bernstein, Forensic odontology in, Introduction to Forensic Sciences,

2nd Ed., W.G. Eckert (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997). 3. J. Dix, Handbook for Death Scene Investigations, CRC Press, Boca Raton

(1999). 4. H.B. Baldwin and C.P. May in, Encyclopedia in Forensic Science, Volume 1,

J.A. Siegel, P.J. Saukko and G.C. Knupfer (Eds.), Academic Press, London (2000).

5. V.J. Geberth, Practical Homicide Investigation, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2006).

6. T. Bevel and R.M. Gardner, Bloodstain Pattern Analysis, 3rd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2008).

7. W.J. Tilstone, M.L. Hastrup and C. Hald, Fisher’s, Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013).

59

SEMESTER-V

CORE 15: Forensic Biology & Serology

OBJECTIVES:Learning Objectives: After studying this paper the students will know –

a. The significance of biological and serological evidence. b. The forensic importance of hair evidence. c. The importance of biological fluids – blood, urine, semen, saliva, sweat

and milk – in crime investigations. d. How wildlife forensics aid in conserving natural resources. e. How forensic entomology assists in death investigations.

TheoryContentsUnit 1: Biological Evidence 12 hrsNature and importance of biological evidence. Significance of hair evidence. Transfer, persistence and recovery of hair evidence. Structure of human hair. Comparison of hair samples. Morphology and biochemis-try of human hair. Comparison of human and animal hair. Types and identification of microbial organisms of forensic significance. Identification of wood, leaves, pollens and juices as botanical evidence. Diatoms and their forensic significance.

Unit 2: Wildlife Forensics 12 hrsFundamentals of wildlife forensic. Significance of wildlife forensic. Protected and endangered species of animals and plants. Illegal trading in wildlife items, such as skin, fur, bone, horn, teeth, flowers and plants. Identification of physical evidence pertaining to wildlife forensics. Identification of pug marks of various animals. Forensic Entomology -Basics of forensic entomology. Insects of forensic importance. Collection of ento-mological evidence during death investigations.

Unit 3: Forensic Importance of Body fluids 12 hrsCommon body fluids. Composition and functions of blood. Collection and preserva-tion of blood evidence. Distinction between human and non-human blood. Deter-mination of blood groups. Antigens and antibodies. Forensic characterization of bloodstains. Typing of dried stains. Blood enzymes and proteins. Semen. Forensic significance of semen. Composition, functions and morphology of spermatozoa. Collection, evaluation and tests for identification of semen. Individualization on the basis of semen examination. Composition, functions and forensic significance of saliva, sweat, milk and urine. Tests for their identifications.

Unit 4: Genetic Marker Analysis 12 hrsCellular antigens. ABO blood groups. Extracellular proteins and intracellular en-zymes. Significance of genetic marker typing data. Sexual assault investigations.

60

Unit 5: Bloodstain Pattern Analysis 12 hrsBloodstain characteristics. Impact bloodstain patterns. Cast-off bloodstain pat-terns. Projected bloodstain patterns. Contact bloodstain patterns. Blood trails. Bloodstain drying times. Documentation of bloodstain pattern evidence. Crime scene reconstruction with the aid of bloodstain pattern analysis.

Practicals:1. To examine hair morphology and determine the species to which the hair

belongs. 2. To prepare slides of scale pattern of human hair. 3. To examine human hair for cortex and medulla. 4. To carry out microscopic examination of pollen grains. 5. To carry out microscopic examination of diatoms. 6. To cite a crime case in which diatoms have served as forensic evidence. 7. To prepare a case report on forensic entomology. 8. To prepare a case report on problems of wildlife forensics. 9. To determine blood group from fresh blood samples. 10. To determine blood group from dried blood sample. 11. To carry out the crystal test on a blood sample. 12. To identify blood samples by chemical tests. 13. To identify the given stain as saliva. 14. To identify the given stain as urine. 15. To carry out cross-over electrophoresis. 16. To study the correlation between impact angle and shape of bloodstain. 17. To identify the point of convergence from the bloodstain patterns.

Practical examination pattern ( 40 marks)1. Examination of hair ( 10 marks)2. Blood analysis ( 20 marks)3. Forensic entomology ( 10 marks)

Suggested Readings 1. L. Stryer, Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New

York (1988). 2. R.K. Murray, D.K. Granner, P.A. Mayes and V.W. Rodwell, Harper’s Bio-

chemistry, APPLETON & Lange, Norwalk (1993). 3. S. Chowdhuri, Forensic Biology, BPRD, New Delhi (1971). 4. R. Saferstein, Forensic Science Handbook, Vol. III, Prentice Hall, New Jer-

sey (1993). 5. G.T. Duncan and M.I. Tracey, Serology and DNA typing in, Introduction to

Forensic Sciences, 2nd Edition, W.G. Eckert (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997

6. W.G. Eckert and S.H. James, Interpretation of Bloodstain Evidence at Crime Scenes, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1989).

7. G.T. Duncan and M.I. Tracey in Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd Edi-tion, W.G. Eckert (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997).

8. R. Saferstein, Criminalistics, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2004). 9. T. Bevel and R.M. Gardner, Bloodstain Pattern Analysis, 3rd Edition, CRC

Press, Boca Raton (2008).

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SEMESTER-V

Elective-1Accident Investigations

Unit 1: Motor Vehicle AccidentsAccident scene. Sources of forensic information. Eyewitness accounts. Extent of vehicle damage. Visibility conditions. Photographs of accident site. Estimation of speed. Tire marks, skid marks, scuff marks. Maintenance of vehicles. Abandoned vehicles. Importance of air bags. Railway accidents.

Unit 2: Accident AnalysisPre-crash movement. Post-crash movement. Collision model. Gauging driver’s re-action. Occupants’s kinematics. Types of injuries resulting from accident. Biome-chanics of injuries. Hit and run investigations. Trace evidence at accident sites.

Unit 3: TachographsForensic significance of tachograph data. Tachograph charts. Principles of chart analysis. Accuracy of speed record. Tire slip effects. Falsification and diagnostic signals. Route tracing.

Suggested Readings1. T.S. Ferry, Modern Accident Investigation and Analysis, Wiley, New York

(1988).2. D. Lowe, The Tachograph, 2nd Edition, Kogan Page, London (1989).3. T.L. Bohan and A.C. Damask, Forensic Accident Investigation: Motor Vehi-

cles, Michie Butterworth, Charlottesville (1995).4. S.C. Batterman and S.D. Batterman in Encyclopedia of Forensic Scienc-

es, Volume 1, J.A. Siegel, P.J. Saukko and G.C. Knupfer (Eds.), Academic Press, London (2000).

SEMESTER-V

Elective-2Economic Offences


a. Basic economic and financial terminology.b. Economic crimes in India are linked to several other crimes.c. Economic crimes often have a bearing on national security.d. Types of common economic offences and their consequences.e. Steps involved in mitigating economic crimes.

Unit 1: Taxonomy of Economic Offences/Criminogenic FactorsFundamentals of economics in economic offences.Tax evasion. Excise duty evasion. Fraudulent bankruptcy. White collar crime. Eco-nomic exclusion. Black money.Corruption and bribery of public servants. Money laundering and hawala transac-tions. Insurance frauds. Corporate frauds. Bank frauds. Ponzi scheme. Pyramid scheme.

62

Illicit trafficking in contraband goods. Illicit trafficking in arms. Illicit trafficking in explosives. Illicit drug trafficking. Trafficking in human organs. Cultural objects trafficking. Racketeering in employment. Racketeering in false travel documents.

Unit 2: Applied Economics in Processing EvidenceForensic accountancy and forensic auditing. Valuation of economic losses. Violation of Intellectual Property Rights.

Unit 3: Prevention of Economic OffencesLegislations to deal with different forms of economic offences. RBI Act. SEBI Act. Competition Commission of India Act.Credit card frauds.Enforcement agencies to deal with different forms of economic offences. International perspectives – mea-sures adopted by FBI and INTERPOL. Case histories of economic offences.

Suggested Readings1. R.V. Clarke, Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies, 2nd

Edition, Criminal Justice Press, New York (1997).2. S.P. Green, Lying, Cheating and Stealing: A Moral Theory of White Collar

Crime, Oxford University Press, Oxford (2006).3. G. Geis, R. Meier, L. Salinger (Eds.), White-Collar Crime: Classic & Con-

temporary Views, Free Press, New York (1995).4. J. Reiman, The Rich get Richer and the Poor get Prison, Allyn & Bacon,

Boston (1998).5. Indian Audit and Accounts department, Audit of Fraud, Fraud Detection

and Forensic Audit, 2007.6. State Crime Branch, Haryana, Investigation of Economic Offences.

SEMESTER-V

Allied 5 - Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Drug Analysis

UNIT IBasic Concepts of Pharmacology

• Introduction• Drug Receptor and Pharmacodynamics• Development and Regulation of drugs

UNIT IIPharmacokinetics

• Drug metabolism• Adverse drug reactions and pharmacogenetics• Drug concentration and pharmacological response• Post mortem redistribution

UNIT IIIDrugs

• Drug effects• Drug Interaction

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic SubstanceSchedule Drugs, International Classification, National Legislation, Nonscheduled Drugs, Designer Drugs analysis, Drugs of abuse, Doping Drugs analysis

63

UNIT IVAnalgesics (Opiates) Opiate Alkaloids, Identification, Quantification, Comparison, Analysis and Profiling by Immunoassays various chemical and instrumental techniques, Heroin and as-sociated Illicit Opiate formulationNon-opoid Analgesics Paracetamol and Acetylsalicylic Acid analysisCannabis Introduction, Seized drug Identification of Herbal material, Identification of other materials like Hash and Hash Oil by Immunoassays, various chemical and instru-mental techniques, Profiling of Cannabis HallucinogensLSD (Lysergic Acid diethylamide), Mescaline, Psilocybin, Phencyclidine: Anal-ysis by various chemical and instrumental techniques

UNIT V• Stimulants

Cocaine: Identification of plant Material (alkaloids) by Immunoassays, Analysis by various chemical and instrumental techniques, Illicit Cocaine AnalysisAmphetamines, Methamphetamines: Introduction, Extraction, Derivatization, Analysis by various techniques, Metabolic Profile, Impurity Profiling, Source Differ-entiation

• Sedatives and hypnoticsBarbiturates, Introduction, Classification, Analysis by various chemical and in-strumental techniques Benzodiazepines: Introduction and analysis of (Diazepam-Flunitrazepam-Metaz-epam-Nitrazepam-Meprobate-Methaqualone-Chloral Hydrate Zolepidem) by vari-ous chemical and instrumental techniques, Impurity profiling

Reference Books:1. Klaassen, C. D.,:Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poi-

sons, 5th ed, McGraw-Hill, 1995.2. Moffat, A.C.: Osselton, D. M. Widdop, B. : Clarke’s Analysis of Drugs and

Poisons in Pharmaceuticals, body fluids and postmortem material, 3rd ed., Pharmaceutical Press2004.

3. Bogusz, M. J.: Hand Book of Analytical Separations, Vol. 2: Forensic Sci-ence, 1st ed., Elsevier Science, 2000.

4. Siegel, J.A., Saukko, P. J., Knupfer, G.,: Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences (Vol3), Academic Press, 2000.

5. Rang, P.H., Dale, M.M., Ritter, M.J.: Pharmacology, 4th ed., Harcourt/Chur-chill Livingstone, 2000.

6. Paranjape, H.M., Bothara, G.K., Jain, M.M.: Fundamentals of Pharmacolo-gy, 1st ed., Nirali Prakashan, 1990

64

SEMESTER-VI

CORE 16: Forensic Anthropology

OBJECTIVE:Learning Objectives: After studying this paper the students will know –

a. Importance of forensic anthropology in identification of persons. b. Different techniques of facial reconstruction and their forensic importance. c. Significance of somatoscopy and somatometry.

TheoryContents. Unit 1: Significance of Forensic Anthropology 12 hrsScope of forensic anthropology. Study of human skeleton. Nature, formation, and identification of human bones.

Unit 2 :Determination of age, sex, stature from skeletal material 12 hrs

Unit 3: Personal Identification – Somatoscopy 12 hrsSomatoscopy – observation of hair on head, forehead, eyes, root of nose, nasal bridge, nasal tip, chin, Darwin’s tubercle, ear lobes, supra-orbital ridges, physiog-nomic ear breadth, circumference of head. Scar marks and occupational marks.

Unit 4: Personal Identification – Somatometry 12 hrsSomatometry – measurements of head, face, nose, cheek, ear, hand and foot, body weight, height. Indices - cephalic index, nasal index, cranial index, upper facial index.

Unit 5: Facial Reconstruction 12 hrsPortrait Parle/ Bertillon system. Photofit/identi kit. Facial superimposition tech-niques. Cranio facial super imposition techniques – photographic super imposition, video-superimposition, Roentgenographic superimposition. Use of somatoscopic and craniometric methods in reconstruction. Importance of tissue depth in facial re-construction. Genetic and congenital anomalies – causes, types, identification and their forensic significance.

Practicals 1. To determine of age from skull and teeth. 2. To determine of sex from skull. 3. To determine sex from pelvis. 4. To study identification and description of bones and their measurements. 5. To investigate the differences between animal and human bones. 6. To perform somatometric measurements on living subjects. 7. To carry out craniometric measurements of human skull. 8. To estimate stature from long bone length. 9. To conduct portrait parley using photofit identification kit.

Practical Examination Pattern (40 marks)1. Identification of Long bones- Femur, Tibia Fibula, Humerus, Radius, ulna.2. Determination of the side and measurement of Long bones for stature

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estimation3. Determination of age from Skull and other bones.4. Determination of sex from Skull, pelvis and sacrum.

Suggested Readings 1. M.Y. Iscan and S.R. Loth, The scope of forensic anthropology in, Intro-

duction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd Ed., W.G. Eckert (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997).

2. D. Ubelaker and H. Scammell, Bones, M. Evans & Co., New York (2000). 3. S.Rhine, Bone Voyage: A Journey in Forensic Anthropology, University of

Mexico Press, Mexico (1998).

SEMESTER VI

Core-17- Forensic Toxicology

OBJECTIVESLearning Objectives: After studying this paper the students will know –

a. The significance of toxicological studies in forensic science. b. The classification of poisons and their modes of actions. c. The absorption of poisons in body fluids. d. The forensic identification of illicit liquors. e. The classification and characteristics of the narcotics, drugs and psychotropic

substances. f. The menace of designer drugs. g. The methods of identifying and purifying narcotics, drugs and psychotropic

substances.

TheoryContents Unit 1: Basics of Toxicology 12 hrsSignificance of toxicological findings. Techniques used in toxicology. Toxicological analysis and chemical intoxication tests. Postmortem Toxicology. Human perfor-mance toxicology. Dose-response relationship. Lethal dose 50 and effective dose 50.

Unit 2: Poisons - I 12 hrsClassification of poisons. Physico-chemical characteristics and mode of action of poisons. Accidental, suicidal and homicidal poisonings. Signs and symptoms of common poisoning and their antidotes.

Unit 3: Poisons – II 12 hrsCollection and preservation of viscera, blood and urine for various poison cases. Identification of biocides and metal salts in body fluids. Metabolism and excretion of poisons. Application of immunoassays in forensic work. Animal poisons. Snake venom. Mode of action. Carbon monoxide poisoning. V

Unit 4: Poisons – III 12 hrsegetable poisons. Poisonous seeds, fruits, roots and mushrooms.

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Beverages. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic illicit liquors. Analysis and identification of ethyl alcohol. Estimation of ethyl alcohol in blood and urine. Proof spirit. Crime scene management in illicit liquor cases.

Unit 5: Narcotics, Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 12 hrsDefinition of narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances. Broad classification – Narcotics, stimulants, depressants and hallucinogens. General characteristics and common example of each classification. Natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic nar-cotics, drugs and psychotropic substances. Designer drugs. Tolerance, addiction and withdrawal symptoms of narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances Crime scene search for narcotics, drugs and psycho-tropic substances – searching a suspect, searching a dwelling, searching a vehi-cle. Clandestine drug laboratories. Collection and preservation of drug evidence. Testing of narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances. Isolation techniques for purifying narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances – thin layer chromatog-raphy, gas-liquid chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Presumptive and screening tests for narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances. Microcrystalline testing of drugs of abuse. Analysis of narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances in breast milk, saliva, urine, hair and antemortem blood. Drugs and driving. Dope tests. Analysis of narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances in postmortem blood. Postmortem changes affecting the analysis of narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances.

Practicals 1. To identify biocides. 2. To identify metallic poisons. 3. To identify organic poisons. 4. To identify ethyl alcohol. 5. To identify methyl alcohol. 6. To carry out quantitative estimation of ethyl alcohol. 7. To prepare iodoform. 8. To identify drugs of abuse by spot tests. 9. To perform color tests for barbiturates. 10. To separate drugs of abuse by thin layer chromatography.

Practical examination pattern ( 40 marks)1. Color tests for drugs ( 20 marks)2. spot tests ( 10 marks)3 TLC ( 10 marks)

Suggested Readings 1. R. Saferstein, Criminalistics, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2004). 2. F.G. Hofmann, A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2nd Edition, Ox-

ford University Press, New York (1983). 3. S.B. Karch, The Pathology of Drug Abuse, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1996). 4. A. Poklis, Forensic toxicology in, Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd

Edition, W.G. Eckert (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997). 5. A.W. Jones, Enforcement of drink-driving laws by use of per se legal alco-

hol limits: Blood and/or breath concentration as evidence of impairment, Alcohol, Drug and Driving, 4, 99 (1988).

6. W.J. Tilstone, M.L. Hastrup and C. Hald, Fisher’s, Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013).

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SEMESTER-VI

CORE 18: Forensic Ballistics

OBJECTIVE:Learning Objectives: After studying this paper the students will know –

a. The classification of firearms and their firing mechanisms. b. The methods of identifying firearms. c. The characteristics of ammunition. d. The importance of firearm evidence. e. The nature of firearm injuries. f. The methods for characterization of gunshot residue.

Theory Contents Unit 1: Firearms 12 hrsHistory and development of firearms. Classification of firearms. Weapon types and their operation. Firing mechanisms of different firearms.

Unit 2: Ballistics 12 hrsInternal ballistics – Definition, ignition of propellants, shape and size of propel-lants, manner of burning, and various factors affecting the internal ballistics: lock time, ignition time, barrel time, erosion, corrosion and gas cutting. External Ballistics – Vacuum trajectory, effect of air resistance on trajectory, base drag, drop, drift, yaw, shape of projectile and stability, trajectory computation, ballistics coefficient and limiting velocity, Measurements of trajectory parameters, introduction to automated system of trajectory computation and automated man-agement of ballistic data. Terminal Ballistics – Effect of projectile on hitting the target: function of bullet shape, striking velocity, striking angle and nature of target, tumbling of bullets, effect of instability of bullet, effect of intermediate targets, influence of range. Ric-ochet and its effects, stopping power.

Unit 3: Ammunition 12 hrsTypes of ammunition. Constructional features and characteristics of different types of cartridges and bullets. Primers and priming compounds. Projectiles. Headstamp markings on ammunitions. Different types of marks produced during firing process on cartridge – firing pin marks, breech face marks, chamber marks, extractor and ejector marks.

Unit 4: Firearm Evidence – I 12 hrsMatching of bullets and cartridge cases in regular firearms. Identification of bul-lets, pellets and wads fired from improvised, country made firearms. Automated method of bullet and cartridge case comparison. Determination of range of fire and time of fire. Unit 5: Firearm Evidence – II 12 hrsMechanisms of formation of gunshot residues. Methods of analysis of gunshot res-idues from shooting hands and targets, with special reference to clothings. Identification and nature of firearms injuries. Reconstruction with respect to acci-dent, suicide, murder and self defence.

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Practicals 1. To describe, with the aid of diagrams, the firing mechanisms of different

types of firearms. 2. To correlate the velocity of bullet with the impact it produces on the tar-

get. 3. To correlate the striking angle of the bullet with the impact on the target. 4. To estimate the range of fired bullets. 5. To carry out the comparison of fired bullets. 6. To carry out the comparison of fired cartridge cases. 7. To identify gunshot residue. 8. To correlate the nature of injuries with distance from which the bullet was

fired. 9. To differentiate, with the aid of diagram, contact wounds, close range

wounds and distant wounds.

Practical Examination pattern ( 40 marks)1. Test Firing System ( 10 marks)2.GSR analysis ( 20 marks)3. wound ballistics ( 10 marks)

Suggested Readings 1. B.J. Heard, Handbook of Firearms and Ballistics, Wiley and Sons, Chiches-

ter (1997). 2. W.F. Rowe, Firearms identification, Forensic Science Handbook, Vol. 2, R.

Saferstein (Ed.), Prentice Hall, New Jersey (1988). 3. A.J. Schwoeble and D.L. Exline, Current Methods in Forensic Gunshot Resi-

due Analysis, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2000). 4. E. Elaad in Encyclopedia of Forensic Science, Volume 2, J.A. Siegel, P.J.

Saukko and G.C. Knupfer (Eds.), Academic Press, London (2000).

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SEMESTER-VI

Elective - 2

DNA typingLearning Objectives: After studying this paper the students will know –

a. The basic principle of DNA analysis.b. The forensic significance of DNA typing.c. The importance of short tandem repeats and restriction fragment length

polymorphism in DNA technique.d. Role of DNA typing in parentage testing.

Unit 1: Basic PrinciplesDNA as biological blueprint of life. Extraction of DNA for analysis. Quantitation of DNA – yield gel quantitation and slot blot quantitation. Mitochondrial DNA – se-quence analysis.

Unit 2: Forensic DNA TypingCollection of specimens. Polymerase chain reaction – historical perspective, se-quence polymorphisms, individualization of evidence.Short tandem repeats (STR) – role of fluorescent dyes, nature of STR loci.Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) – genetic markers used in RFLP, typing procedure and interpretation of results.Touch DNA.

Unit 3: Parentage TestingPrinciples of heredity. Genetics of paternity. DNA testing in disputed paternity. Mandelian laws of parentage testing. Mathematical basis of parentage identifica-tion.Missing body cases. Reference populations and databases.Report Writing: Role of DNA typing in identifying unrecognizable bodies.

Allele frequency determination. Hardy-Weinberg law. Probability determination in a population database.

Suggested Readings1. J.M. Butler, Forensic DNA Typing, Elsevier, Burlington (2005).2. K. Inman and N. Rudin, An Introduction to Forensic DNA Analysis, CRC

Press, Boca Raton (1997).3. H. Coleman and E. Swenson, DNA in the Courtroom: A Trial Watcher’s

Guide, GeneLex Corporation, Washington (1994).4. W.J. Tilstone, M.L. Hastrup and C. Hald, Fisher’s, Techniques of Crime


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SEMESTER-VI

Elective:2

Introduction to BiometryLearning Objectives: After studying this paper the students will know –

a. The basis of biometry.b. The classification of biometric processes.c. The importance of behavioral biometry.

Unit 1: Fundamental AspectsDefinition, characteristics and operation of biometric system. Classification of bio-metric systems – physiological and behavioral. Strength and weakness of physio-logical and behavioral biometrics. Multimodal biometrics. Key biometric processes –enrollment, identification and verification. Positive and negative identification. Performance measures used in biometric systems – FAR, FRR, GAR, FTA, FTE and ATV. Biometric versus traditional technologies.

Unit 2: Physiological BiometricsFingerprints, palm prints, iris, retina, geometry of hand and face.

Unit 3: Behavioral BiometricsHandwriting, signatures, keystrokes, gait and voice.

Suggested Readings1. S. Nanavati, M. Thieme and R. Nanavati, Biometrics, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.

(2002).2. P. Reid, Biometrics for Network Security, New Delhi (2004).3. J.R. Vacca, Biometric Technologies and Verification Systems, Butter-

worth-Heinemann, Oxford (2007).

SEMESTER-VI

Allied 6 - Digital ForensicsLearning Objectives: After studying this paper the students will know –

a. The basics of digital forensics. b. The cases which fall under the purview of digital crimes. c. The types of digital crimes. d. The elements involved in investigation of digital crimes.

TheoryContents Unit 1: Fundamentals and Concepts Fundamentals of computers Hardware and accessories – development of hard disk, physical construction, CHS and LBA addressing, encoding methods and formats. Memory and processor. Methods of storing data. Operating system. Software. Introduction to network, LAN, WAN and MAN.

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Unit 2: Computer Crimes Definition and types of computer crimes. Distinction between computer crimes and conventional crimes. Reasons for commission of computer crimes. Breaching secu-rity and operation of digital systems. Computer virus, and computer worm – Trojan horse, trap door, super zapping, logic bombs. Types of computer crimes – computer stalking, pornography, hacking, crimes re-lated to intellectual property rights, computer terrorism, hate speech, private and national security in cyber space. An overview of hacking, spamming, phishing and stalking.

Unit 3: Computer Forensics Investigations Seizure of suspected computer. Preparation required prior to seizure. Protocol to be taken at the scene. Extraction of information from the hard disk. Treatment of exhibits. Creating bitstream of the original media. Collection and seizure of magnetic media. Legal and privacy issues. Examining forensically sterile media. Restoration of deleted files. Password cracking and E-mail tracking. Encryp-tion and decryption methods. Tracking users.

Suggested Readings 1. R.K. Tiwari, P.K. Sastry and K.V. Ravikumar, Computer Crimes and Com-

puter Forensics, Select Publishers, New Delhi (2003). 2. C.B. Leshin, Internet Investigation s in Criminal Justice, Prentice Hall,

New Jersey (1997). 3. R. Saferstein, Criminalistics, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2004). 4. E. Casey, Digital Evidence and Computer Crime, Academic Press, London

(2000)