BSEN 13157 Hand Powered LE

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BRITISH STANDARD BS EN
13157:2004

Cranes — Safety —

Hand powered lifting equipment

The European Standard EN 13157:2004 has the status of a British Standard

ICS 53.020.20

��

BS EN 13157:2004

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A

A

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2005

© BSI 31 January 2005

ISBN 0 580 45420 7

National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13157:2004.

EN 13157:2004 is a candidate “harmonized” European standard and fully takes into account the requirements of the European Commission mandates M/BC/CEN/91/1, Standardization request to CEN/CENELEC concerning machines presenting hazards due to mobility or load lifting, given under the EC Machinery Directive (98/37/EC), and intended to lead to CE marking. The date of applicability of EN 13157:2004 as a harmonized European standard, i.e the date after which this standard may be used for CE marking purposes, is subject to an announcement in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

The Commission in consultation with Member States has agreed a transition period for the co-existence of harmonized European Standards and their corresponding national standard(s). It is intended that this period will comprise a period, usually nine months, after the date of availability of the European Standard, during which any required changes to national regulations are to be made, followed by a further period, usually of 12 months, for the implementation of CE marking. At the end of this co-existence period, the national standard(s) will be withdrawn.

EN 13157:2004 is the subject of transitional arrangements agreed under the Commission mandate. In the UK, the corresponding national standards are:

— BS 3243:1990, Specification for hand-operated chain blocks;— BS 3701:1964, Specification for hand-operated plate side winches;— BS 4018:1966, Specification for pulley blocks for use with wire rope for a maximum lift of 25 tons in combination;— BS 4344:1968, Pulley blocks for use with natural and synthetic fibre ropes;— BS 4536:1970, Specification for heavy duty pulley blocks for use with wire rope;— BS 4898:1973, Specification for chain lever hoists.

and based on this transition period of twenty-one months, BS 3243:1990, BS 3701:1964, BS 4018:1966, BS 4344:1968, BS 4536:1970 and BS 4898:1973 would be withdrawn in March 2006.NOTE This date is approximate. Users of this standard should contact BSI Customer Services for confirmation of withdrawal.

mendments issued since publication

md. No. Date Comments

BS EN 13157:2004

© BSI 31 Jan 2005

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Warning The UK as a member of CEN is obliged to publish EN 13157:2004 as a British Standard. However, attention is drawn to the fact that during the development of this European Standard, the UK consistently voted against its approval as a European Standard.

The reason for this disapproval is that during discussion of this standard by BSI Subcommittee MHE/3/6, which mirrors this work item of CEN Committee TC 147, the UK committee expressed the opinion that the standard is deficient as follows:

1) Certain aspects of current winch and hoist technology are not covered;2) Certain safety requirements are not state-of-the-art for the UK;3) It does not adequately address some of the relevant Esssential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSRs) in the EC Machinery Directive (which, in Annex ZA, it claims to meet);4) It attempts to cover too many diverse products, which is extremely difficult to do with clarity because of the differing ESHRs and differing hazards for the wide range of products covered;5) The verifications are not thorough enough and do not have sufficient detail in many cases, in particular, 6.3.2.2, 6.3.2.3, 6.3.3.1, 6.3.4.1 and 6.3.6.3.

As part of BSI’s duty of care we draw the attention of users of this standard to our concern that the standard contains deficient text, as illustrated by the above points.

The UK participation in the preparation of EN 13157:2004 was entrusted by Technical Committee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks, to Subcommittee MHE/3/6, Winches, hoists, lifting blocks and accessories, which has the responsibility to:

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.

Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 57, an inside back cover and a back cover.

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.

— aid enquirers to understand the text;

— present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;

— monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

EN 13157

June 2004

ICS 53.020.20

English version

Cranes - Safety - Hand powered lifting equipment

Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Sécurité -Appareils de levage à bras

Krane - Sicherheit - Handbetriebene Krane

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 October 2003.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONC OM ITÉ EUR OP ÉEN DE NOR M ALIS AT IONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN 13157:2004: E

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EN 13157:2004 (E)

2

Contents

Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................3

Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................4

1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................5

2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................5

3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................6 3.1 General definitions ................................................................................................................................6 3.2 Definitions for hand chain blocks........................................................................................................7 3.3 Definitions for lever hoists ...................................................................................................................8 3.4 Definitions for jaw winches ................................................................................................................10 3.5 Definitions for hand powered trolleys supporting lifting machines...............................................10 3.6 Definitions for drum winches .............................................................................................................12 3.7 Definitions for pulley blocks and deflection pulley..........................................................................13

4 List of significant hazards ..................................................................................................................15

5 Safety requirements and/or measures ..............................................................................................21 5.1 Hand chain blocks ...............................................................................................................................21 5.2 Lever hoists..........................................................................................................................................23 5.3 Jaw winches.........................................................................................................................................28 5.4 Hand powered trolleys supporting lifting machines........................................................................30 5.5 Drum winches ......................................................................................................................................32 5.6 Pulley blocks and deflection pulleys.................................................................................................34

6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures ...............................................................35 6.1 General..................................................................................................................................................35 6.2 Categories of verification....................................................................................................................35 6.3 Verification methods ...........................................................................................................................36

7 Information for use ..............................................................................................................................47 7.1 Information for use of hand chain blocks .........................................................................................47 7.2 Information for use of lever hoists.....................................................................................................48 7.3 Information for use of jaw winches....................................................................................................49 7.4 Information for use of hand powered trolleys ..................................................................................50 7.5 Information for use of drum winches ................................................................................................52 7.6 Information for use of pulley blocks and deflection pulleys...........................................................53

Annex A (normative) Standards for hooks......................................................................................................56

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Standard and the essential requirements of EC Directive 98/37/EC..........................................................................................................................57

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EN 13157:2004 (E)

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Foreword

This document EN 13157:2004 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2004.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

Annex A is normative.

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom

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Introduction

This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonised standard to provide one means for hand powered lifting equipment to conform to the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, as amended.

This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in ENV 1070: 1993.

The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of this standard.

When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for lever blocks which have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.

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1 Scope

This European Standard specifies requirements for the following hand powered lifting equipment defined in clause 3: − Hand chain blocks;

− Lever hoists;

− Jaw winches;

− Hand powered trolleys supporting lifting machines;

− Drum winches;

− Pulley blocks and deflection pulley.

The significant hazards covered by this European Standard are identified in clause 4.

This European Standard does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.

This standard does not specify the additional requirements for :

− use in ambient temperature outside the range of - 10°C to + 50°C,

− hand powered lifting equipment in direct contact with food stuffs or pharmaceuticals requiring a high level of cleanliness for hygiene reasons;

− hazards resulting from handling specific hazardous materials (e.g. explosives, hot molten masses, radiating materials);

− hazards caused by operation in an explosive atmosphere.

This European Standard is applicable to hand powered lifting equipment, which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of this standard.

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.

EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology

EN 292-2/A1:991 / 1995, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical principles and specifications

EN 818-7:996, Short link chain for lifting purposes - Safety - Part 7: Fine tolerance hoist chain, Grades T(Types T, DAT and DT)

EN 1005-3, Safety of machinery – Human physical performance –Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation

EN 1070, Safety of machinery - Terminology

EN 12385-1, Steel wire ropes Safety - Part 1: General requirements

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EN 12385-4, Steel wire ropes Safety - Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting applications

EN 13411-1, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety - Part 1: Thimbles for steel wire rope slings

EN 13411-2, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety - Part 2: Splicing of eyes for wire rope slings

prEN 13411-3, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety - Part 3: Ferrules and ferrule-securing

EN 13411-4, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety - Part 4: Metal and resin socketing

prEN 13411-6, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety - Part 6: Asymmetric wedge socket

prEN 13411-7, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety - Part 7: Symmetric wedge socket

ISO 606, Short-pitch transmission precision roller and bush chains, attachments and associated chain sprockets

ISO 4309, Cranes – Wires ropes – Code of practice for examination and discard

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the definitions given in EN 1070: 1993 apply, together with the following:

3.1 General definitions

3.1.1 coefficient of utilisation (safety coefficient) the arithmetic ratio between the maximum load held by the lifting equipment and its rated capacity

3.1.2 combined unit combination of a trolley and a hoist which are connected (see figure 1)

3.1.3 dynamic tests testing of lifting equipment by executing operating motions under a specified test load exceeding the rated capacity

3.1.4 lifting change in level during the movement

NOTE Lifting incorporates the vertical or the vertical and horizontal movement of the load or all combinations

3.1.5 rated capacity load that the lifting equipment is designed to lift for a given operating condition (e.g. configuration, position of the load)

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Figure 1 — Example of combined units

3.1.6 static tests testing of lifting equipment by applying a specified static load, exceeding the rated capacity

3.1.7 test coefficient the ratio between the load used for static and dynamic tests and the rated capacity

3.2 Definitions for hand chain blocks

3.2.1 hand chain block device for lifting and lowering a load suspended from one chain (the load chain) by means of human effort applied to another chain (the hand chain) and for holding this load (see figure 2)

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1

23

7

6

5

8

4

1. Hand chain 2. Hand chain wheel 3. Cover 4. Load chain wheel

5. Anchorage of the load chain 6. Load hook 7. Load Chain 8. Chain end stop 9. Top hook

Figure 2 — Example of a hand chain block

3.3 Definitions for lever hoists

3.3.1 D/d ratio the ratio of the minimum pitch circle diameter of the first rope layer of the drum or sheave to the calculated minimum diameter of the rope

3.3.2 lever hoist device for lifting and lowering a load suspended from a lifting medium by means of human effort applied to a lever and to hold it by means of a braking devices(see figure 3)

3.3.3 pitch circle diameter twice the distance between the drum or the sheave axle and the middle of the rope or webbing in direct contact with the drum or sheaves (first layer on drum)

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EN 13157:2004 (E)

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1

5

26

7

3

1

5

2

3

8

9

1. Lever 2. Hook 3. Drum 4. Load chain wheel 5. Anchorage of the lifting medium

6. Chain end stop 7. Load Chain 8. Rope 9. Webbing

Figure 3 — Example of lever hoists

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3.4 Definitions for jaw winches

3.4.1 jaw winches device for lifting, lowering and holding a load by means of a rope, where the rope is gripped or moved by jaws using human effort on a lever or levers(see figure 4)

3.4.2 operation cycle (for test purpose only) a lifting movement plus a lowering movement over the minimum vertical distance defined by the rope length corresponding to its passing over all concerned jaw winch parts

4

13

27

5

6

1. Removable lever 2. Guard case of the jaw and actuating mechanisms 3. Declutching lever 4. Anchorage

5. Hook 6. Rope 7. Rope termination

Figure 4 — Example of a jaw winch

3.5 Definitions for hand powered trolleys supporting lifting machines

3.5.1 hand powered trolleys supporting lifting machines equipment fitted with wheels which are designed for the hand powered travelling of a hooked or combined lifting machine along a monorail

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3.5.2 geared travel trolley hand powered trolley permitting horizontal travel, driven by a hand wheel which is operated by an operating chain (see figure 5)

Figure 5 — Example of geared travel trolley

3.5.3 monorail equipment comprising an overhead beam or section along which suspended loads can be moved with a trolley. This equipment can also have curves, points, turntables etc.

3.5.4 push travel trolley hand powered trolleys permitting horizontal travel by pushing or pulling manually on the load (see figure 6)

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3

2

1 4

1. Wheel 2. Wheels flange 3. Buffer 4. Monorail

Figure 6 — Example of a push travel trolley

3.6 Definitions for drum winches

3.6.1 drum winches device for lifting, lowering and holding a load connected to a rope or webbing wound onto a drum by means of (a) crank handle(s) or operating wheel(s) activated by human effort (see figure 7)

3.6.2 D/d ratio the ratio of the pitch circle diameter of the first rope or webbing layer on the drum or sheave to the diameter of the rope or the thickness of the webbing.

3.6.3 drum pitch circle diameter twice the distance between the drum or the sheave axle and the middle of the rope or webbing in direct contact with the drum or sheaves (first layer on drum).

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3

d

D

1

25

4

9

6

78

150 mm

A

A

1 Crank handle or operating wheel 2 Disengagement – de clutching device 3 Guarding - cover 4 Hook 5 Latch 6 Drum

7 Drum flange 8 Wire rope 9 Termination D Drum pitch diameter d Minimum calculated rope diameter

Figure 7 — Example of a drum winch

3.7 Definitions for pulley blocks and deflection pulley

3.7.1 deflection pulley equipment used to change the direction of a rope with a sheave freely rotating on an axle to be used with drum winches and jaw winches

3.7.2 pulley block an assembly of one or more sheaves, rotating freely on one or more shafts used to change the direction of a wire rope or a rope to be used with drum winches and jaw winches (see figure 8)

3.7.3 pitch diameter

twice the distance between the drum or the sheave axle and the middle of the rope or webbing in direct contact with the drum or sheaves (first layer on drum).

3.7.4 sheave wheel with a groove supporting a wire rope or a fibre rope

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4

D

1

3

2d

5

6

7

1. Opening angle between the sides of the sheave 2. Radius of the groove 3. Depth of the sheave groove 4. Means of suspension 5. Wire rope or rope guide

6. Sheave 7. Anchorage D Sheave pitch circle diameter d Nominal diameter of the lifting medium

Figure 8 — Pulley block

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4 List of significant hazards

Tables 1 to 6 show for each item of hand powered lifting equipment a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. It also contains the corresponding relevant clauses in this standard that are necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with those hazards.

Table 1 — List for hand chain blocks of significant hazards and associated requirements

Hazard Relevant clause(s) in this standard

1 Mechanical hazards 1.1 From machine parts or workpieces caused for example, by their: 1.1.1 Shape 5.1.7 1.1.3 Mass and stability (potential energy of elements that can move

under the effect of gravity) 5.1.1

1.1.5 Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.1.2, 5.1.8, 5.1.10, 5.1.11

1.3 Elementary hazards: 1.3.1 Crushing hazards: 5.1.7 1.3.2 Shearing hazard 5.1.7 1.3.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5.1.10 1.3.4 Entanglement hazard 5.1.7 1.3.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.1.7 1.3.6 Impact hazard 5.1.3 1.3.7 Puncture hazard 5.1.10 8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in

machine design such as hazards caused by:

8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.1.6, 5.1.8 8.6 Human errors 5.1.1, 7.1.1 15 Assembly errors 7.1.1 17 Fall or ejection of objects 5.1.4, 5.1.5 18 Loss of stability/overturning of machine 7.1.1 20 Hazards relating to movement: 20.6 Inadequate ability of machine to be slowed down, stopped and

immobilised 5.1.1

21 Hazards due to work position (including operator’s position) on the machine:

21.4 Mechanical hazards at work position - contact with wheels 5.1.1 23 Resulting from the handling of the machine (lack of stability) 5.1.12 26 Inadequate instructions for driver/operator 7.1.1 27 Mechanical hazards and dangerous events: 27.1 Resulting from falling load, collisions, swinging of machine caused

by

Uncontrolled loading – over loading 5.1.6, 7.1.1, 7.1.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of the movement 5.1.1 Unexpected/unintended movement of the loads 5.1.4, 5.1.9 Inadequate holding devices 5.1.8 Collision of more than one machine 5.1.4 27.3 Resulting from a derailment 5.1.1 27.4 Resulting from inadequate mechanical strength of parts 5.1.2 27.5 Resulting from inadequate design of pulleys, drums Not significant 27.6 Resulting from inadequate selection/integration into the machine for

chains, cables, lifting accessories 5.1.8, 5.1.10

27.7 Resulting from descent of load by friction brakes 5.1.3 27.8 Resulting from abnormal assembly/test/use/maintenance conditions 7.1.1, 7.1.2 29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles 29.1 Inadequate visibility from the operator position 7.1.1

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Table 2 — List for lever hoists of significant hazards and associated requirements Hazard Relevant clause(s) in

this standard 1 Mechanical hazards 1.1 From machine parts or workpieces caused for example, by their: 1.1.1 Shape 5.2.8 1.1.3 Mass and stability (potential energy of elements that can move


1.1.5 Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.2.2, 5.2.9, 5.2.12, 5.2.13, 5.2.14, 5.2.15, 5.2.16, 5.2.18



8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.2.6, 5.2.9 8.6 Human errors 5.2.1, 5.2.19, 7.2.1 15 Assembly errors 7.2.1 17 Fall or ejection of objects 5.2.3, 5.2.5, 5.2.7 18 Loss of stability/overturning of machine 7.2.1 20 Hazards relating to movement: 20.6 Inadequate ability of machine to be slowed down, stopped and

immobilised 5.2.1



by

Uncontrolled loading – over loading 5.2.6, 7.2.1, , Uncontrolled amplitude of the movement 5.2.5, 5.2.15 Unexpected/unintended movement of the loads 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 5.2.7 Inadequate holding devices 5.2.9 Collision of more than one machine 5.2.1 27.3 Resulting from a derailment 5.2.1 27.4 Resulting from inadequate mechanical strength of parts 5.2.2 27.5 Resulting from inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.2.10, 5.2.17 27.6 Resulting from inadequate selection/integration into the machine for

chains, cables, lifting accessories 5.2.9, 5.2.11, 5.2.12, 5.2.13, 5.2.14, 5.2.16.


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Table 3 — List for jaw winches of significant hazards and associated requirements




1.1.5 Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.3.1, 5.3.10, 5.3.11, 5.3.12, 5.3.13



8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.3.5, 7.3.1 8.6 Human errors 5.3.6, 5.3.14, 7.3.1 15 Assembly errors 7.3.1 17 Fall or ejection of objects 5.3.3, 5.3.5 18 Loss of stability/overturning of machine 7.3.1 20 Hazards relating to movement: 20.6 Inadequate ability of machine to be slowed down, stopped and

immobilised Not applicable


21.4 Mechanical hazards at work position - contact with wheels Not applicable 23 Resulting from the handling of the machine 5.3.15 26 Inadequate instructions for driver/operator 7.3.1 27 Mechanical hazards and dangerous events: 27.1 Resulting from falling load, collisions, swinging of machine caused

by

Uncontrolled loading – over loading 5.3.1, 5.3.5, 7.3.1, 7.3.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of the movement Not significant Unexpected/unintended movement of the loads 5.3.2, 5.3.4, 5.3.3,

5.3.6, 5.3.9 Inadequate holding devices 5.3.8 Collision of more than one machine Not significant 27.3 Resulting from a derailment Not applicable 27.4 Resulting from inadequate mechanical strength of parts 5.3.1 27.5 Resulting from inadequate design of pulleys, drums Not significant 27.6 Resulting from inadequate selection/integration into the machine for

chains, cables, lifting accessories 5.3.10, 5.3.11, 5.3.12


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Table 4 — List for hand powered trolleys of significant hazards and associated requirements


1 Mechanical hazards 1.1 From machine parts or workpieces caused for example, by their: 1.1.1 Shape 5 General 1.1.3 Mass and stability (potential energy of elements that can move


1.1.5 Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.4.2, 5.4.8, 5.4.11 1.3 Elementary hazards: 1.3.1 Crushing hazards: 5 General 1.3.2 Shearing hazard 5 General 1.3.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5 General 1.3.4 Entanglement hazard 5 General 1.3.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5 General 1.3.6 Impact hazard 7.4.1, 7.4.3 1.3.7 Puncture hazard 5.4.8 8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in


8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.4.6 8.6 Human errors 5.4.12, 7.4.1 15 Assembly errors 7.4.1 17 Fall or ejection of objects 5.4.5 18 Loss of stability/overturning of machine 7.4.1 20 Hazards relating to movement: 20.6 Inadequate ability of machine to be slowed down, stopped and

immobilised 5.4.3, 7.4.1, 7.4.3



by

Uncontrolled loading – over loading 7.4.1, 7.4.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of the movement 5.1.1 Unexpected/unintended movement of the loads 5.4.10 Inadequate holding devices 7.4.1 Collision of more than one machine 5.4.7 27.3 Resulting from a derailment 5.4.7, 5.4.9 27.4 Resulting from inadequate mechanical strength of parts 5.4.2, 5.4.8 27.5 Resulting from inadequate design of pulleys, drums Not significant 27.6 Resulting from inadequate selection/integration into the machine for

chains, cables, lifting accessories 5.4.8


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Table 5 — List for drum winches of significant hazards and associated requirements



under the effect of gravity) Not significant

1.1.5 Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.5.1, 5.5.8, 5.5.10, 5.5.11, 5.5.13

1.3 Elementary hazards: 1.3.1 Crushing hazards: 5.5.7, 7.5.1 1.3.2 Shearing hazard 5.5.7, 7.5.1 1.3.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5.5.7, 7.5.1 1.3.4 Entanglement hazard 5.5.7, 7.5.1 1.3.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.5.7, 7.5.1 1.3.6 Impact hazard 5.5.3, 7.5.1 1.3.7 Puncture hazard 7.5.1 8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in


8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.5.5 8.6 Human errors 5.5.14, 7.5.1 15 Assembly errors 7.5.1 17 Fall or ejection of objects 5.5.3, 5.5.4 18 Loss of stability/overturning of machine 7.1.1 20 Hazards relating to movement: 20.6 Inadequate ability of machine to be slowed down, stopped and



21.4 Mechanical hazards at work position - contact with wheels Not applicable 23 Resulting from the handling of the machine 7.5.1 26 Inadequate instructions for driver/operator 7.5.1 27 Mechanical hazards and dangerous events: 27.1 Resulting from falling load, collisions, swinging of machine caused

by

Uncontrolled loading – over loading 5.5.5, 7.5.1, 7.5.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of the movement Not applicable Unexpected/unintended movement of the loads 5.5.2, 5.5.4, 5.5.6 Inadequate holding devices 5.5.8 Collision of more than one machine Not applicable 27.3 Resulting from a derailment Not applicable 27.4 Resulting from inadequate mechanical strength of parts 5.5.1, 5.5.8, 5.5.10,

5.5.11, 5.5.12 27.5 Resulting from inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.5.9, 5.5.11, 7.5.1 27.6 Resulting from inadequate selection/integration into the machine for

chains, cables, lifting accessories 5.5.10,


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Table 6 — List for pulley blocks and sheaves of significant hazards and associated requirements


1 Mechanical hazards 1.1 From machine parts or workpieces caused for example, by their: 1.1.1 Shape 5 General 1.1.3 Mass and stability (potential energy of elements that can move

under the effect of gravity)

1.1.5 Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.6.1, 5.6.7 1.3 Elementary hazards: 1.3.1 Crushing hazards: 5 General, 7.6.1 1.3.2 Shearing hazard 5 General, 7.6.1 1.3.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5 General, 7.6.1 1.3.4 Entanglement hazard 5 General, 7.6.1 1.3.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5 General, 7.6.1 1.3.6 Impact hazard 5.6., 7.6.1 1.3.7 Puncture hazard 7.6.1 8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in


8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts Not applicable 8.6 Human errors 5.6.11, 7.6.1 15 Assembly errors 7.6.1 17 Fall or ejection of objects 5.6.2, 5.6.3, 5.6.6 18 Loss of stability/overturning of machine 7.6.1 20 Hazards relating to movement: 20.6 Inadequate ability of machine to be slowed down, stopped and



21.4 Mechanical hazards at work position - contact with wheels Not applicable 23 Resulting from the handling of the machine Not significant 26 Inadequate instructions for driver/operator 7.6.1 27 Mechanical hazards and dangerous events: 27.1 Resulting from falling load, collisions, swinging of machine caused

by

Uncontrolled loading – over loading 5.1.6, 7.1.1, 7.1.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of the movement Not applicable Unexpected/unintended movement of the loads 5.6.2, 5.6.6 Inadequate holding devices 5.6.3 Collision of more than one machine Not applicable 27.3 Resulting from a derailment Not applicable 27.4 Resulting from inadequate mechanical strength of parts 5.6.1 27.5 Resulting from inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.6, 5.6.4, 5.6.10 27.6 Resulting from inadequate selection/integration into the machine for

chains, cables, lifting accessories 7.6.1

27.7 Resulting from descent of load by friction brakes Not applicable 27.8 Resulting from abnormal assembly/test/use/maintenance conditions 7.6.1, 7.6.2 29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles 29.1 Inadequate visibility from the operator position 7.6.1

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5 Safety requirements and/or measures

5.1 Hand chain blocks

5.1.1 Combined units

The trolley of a combined trolley and hand chain block shall be in accordance with 5.4.

5.1.2 Mechanical strength

5.1.2.1 The mechanical strength shall be checked by an appropriate calculation method. Hand chain blocks shall have a coefficient of utilisation (safety coefficient) of at least 4 : 1.

5.1.2.2 Hand chain blocks shall be designed to withstand 1 500 cycles with 110% of the rated capacity with no failure or replacement of parts, no resting time, except for lubrication, a lifting path of the load chain of at least 300 mm per cycle in order to get at least a complete revolution of the load chain wheel.

5.1.3 Braking

Hand chain blocks shall have an automatic braking function during the lifting and lowering operation.

The braking function shall be automatic when the operating force ceases, whether the motion is lifting or lowering.

The braking device shall allow a regular descent under operator control whatever the position of the load.

The brakes shall not contain asbestos.

5.1.4 Springs

The fracture of a spring shall not lead to a failure of the braking system except the springs used for load hook safety latches. This can be fulfilled by incorporation of a single guided pressure spring or by using several springs. Guided pressure springs shall have a distance between the coils of less than or equal to the wire diameter.. When using several springs, in the case of the failure of one spring, the remaining spring(s) shall ensure that the retention is maintained.

5.1.5 Operating elements

Hand chains shall be secured against unintentional disconnection from the hand chain wheel.

5.1.6 Operating effort

To lift the rated capacity the operating effort of each operator shall not exceed 55 daN on the hand chain.

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To avoid overloading, the operating effort of each operator to lift the rated capacity shall be between the following values:

a) rated capacity ≤ 1 000 kg:

b) 1 000 kg < rated capacity< 5 000 kg:

c) 5 000 kg ≤ rated capacity:

20 daN up to 55 daN on the hand chain



If the operating effort is beneath 20 daN at rated capacity the hand chain block shall be equipped with an overload protection system, against overloading caused by excessive operating effort on the hand chain. The overload system shall be independent from the braking device and shall operate in away that the lowering function is maintained and that the load remains under control. The triggering shall not lead to sudden release of the hand chain.

5.1.7 Guarding cover

Accessible parts of the hand chain block shall have no sharp edges, no sharp angles, and no rough surfaces likely to cause injury.

Gearing shall be guarded to prevent accidental ingress of parts of the body.

5.1.8 Hooks

Hooks shall be fitted with safety latches to prevent unintentional detachment.

The top hook shall be capable of swivelling for correct positioning

Load hooks used as lifting medium, which are not manufactured in accordance with a recognised standard shall not show permanent deformation at a static load of 2-times the rated capacity. At a static load of 4-times the rated capacity, the hook shall be allowed to bend however the load shall remain held safely.

This shall be ensured by selecting the appropriate materials and by the heat treatment.

NOTE Standards for hooks are listed in annex A

5.1.9 Chain wheel

A chain guide shall be provided to prevent the hand chain and the load chain from jumping off of the chain wheels.

The selection criteria and the technical requirements shall be in accordance with EN 818-7.

Load chain wheels shall be made in one piece.

5.1.10 Link chain

The coefficient of utilisation shall be at least 4 for welded load bearing calibrated link chains;

− Load chains shall be in accordance with EN 818-7, for fine tolerance short link chains (grade T)

Hand chains shall have no sharpness around the welds.

The connecting links of the hand chain shall resist without permanent deformation a force of at least 120 daN .

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5.1.11 Anchorage and end stop of the load chain

Chain anchorage devices of the fixed end type shall withstand 4 times the static chain tensile force at rated capacity without rupture.

The free end of the load chain shall be fitted with a chain end stop to prevent it from passing through completely. This end stop shall withstand without rupture 2,5 times the static chain tensile force at rated capacity.

5.1.12 Temperature

Hand chain blocks, and their components shall be capable of operating within an ambient temperature range of

- 10°C to + 50°C unless another temperature range is agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

5.1.13 Safety devices

The braking system and the overload protection system shall only be able to be removed, modified replaced, interfered or neutralised by the use of tools.

5.1.14 Handling, installation and fastening

The requirement for safe handle of chain blocks is fulfilled:

− If handles, hooks, or other means for slinging is provided or;

− If the design of the chain blocks provides hand gripping points for manual handling.

5.2 Lever hoists


The trolley of a combined trolley and lever hoist shall be in accordance with 5.4.


5.2.2.1 The mechanical strength shall be checked by an appropriate calculation method. Lever hoists shall have a coefficient of utilisation (safety coefficient) of at least 4 : 1.

5.2.2.2 The lever hoist shall be designed to withstand 1 500 cycles with 110% of the rated capacity with no failure, no replacement of parts, no resting time, except for lubrication, a lifting path of the lifting medium of at least 300 mm per cycle in order to get at least a complete revolution of the load chain wheel or drum.

5.2.3 Braking

Lever hoists shall have an automatic braking function during the lifting and lowering operation.


The braking device shall allow a regular descent automatically controlled whatever the position of the load.


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5.2.4 Springs

The fracture of a spring shall not lead to a failure of the braking system except the springs used for load hook safety latches. This can be fulfilled by incorporation of a single guided pressure spring or by using several springs. Guided pressure springs shall have a distance between the coils of less than or equal to the wire diameter.. When using several springs, in the case of the failure of one spring, the remaining spring(s) shall ensure that the retention is maintained.


Removable levers shall be capable of being secured against unintentional slippage/stripping and disconnection from the drive shaft.

Levers shall have a return travel distance not exceeding 150 mm (see figure 9). After a movement of not more than 150 mm, a pawl or other load retaining device shall be engaged.


To lift the rated capacity the operating effort shall not exceed 55 daN at the end of the lever.

To avoid overloading, the operating effort at the end of the lever to lift the rated capacity shall be between the following values:

a) rated capacity ≤ 1 000 kg: 20 daN up to 55 daN on the lever

b) 1 000 kg < rated capacity< 5 000 kg: 40 daN up to 55 daN on the lever

c) 5 000 kg ≤ rated capacity: 45 daN up to 55 daN on the lever

If the operating effort is beneath 20 daN at rated capacity the lever hoist shall be equipped with an overload

protection system, against overloading caused by excessive operating effort on the levers. The overload system shall be independent from the braking device and shall operate in away that the lowering function is maintained

and that the load remains under control. The triggering shall not lead to sudden release of the lever.

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150

mm

Figure 9 — Return travel distance of a lever hoist

5.2.7 Free spooling of the lifting medium.

For freespooling of the lifting medium it may be possible to open the brake system only under the condition of low loading. The brake system shall automatically apply when the load on the lifting medium is greater than 30 kg for capacities up to 1 000 kg, and greater than 3% of the rated load above 1 000 kg.

In this respect, the load shall not be allowed to descend more than 300 mm, before the brake acts to stop the load falling.

It shall not be possible to declutch or disengage the chain wheel, the drive shaft and/or other components.

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5.2.8 Guarding - cover

Accessible parts of the lever hoist shall have no sharp edges, no sharp angles, and no rough surfaces likely to cause injury.


5.2.9 Hooks


The top hook shall be capable of swivelling for correct positioning.



NOTE Standards for hooks are listed in annex A.

5.2.10 Drum and sheaves

For lever hoists with wire rope, D/d ratio for the drum shall be at least equal to 10.

The pitch circle diameter of the sheave groove (D) shall be at least 12 times the nominal diameter of the wire rope (d).

The angle of the sheave groove for wire rope shall be between 45 ° and 55 °.

The radius of the sheave groove for wire rope shall be between d/2 + 5 % and d/2 + 10 %.

The depth of the sheave groove for wire rope shall be at least 1,5 times the nominal diameter of the rope.

The ratio of belt sheave and drum diameter to the rated webbing thickness shall not be less than 15 (D/s ≥ 15) where s is the thickness of the webbing.

The groove of sheave for fibre rope shall be radiused. The radius shall be at least equal to half of the fibre rope diameter.

Sheaves shall be fitted with a rope guide system to ensure that the rope stays located in the groove of the sheave, in case of slack rope.

The projection of the drum flanges when the maximum design length of rope or webbing has been fully wound onto the drum shall correspond to at least 1,5 times the rope diameter or webbing thickness respectively.

5.2.11 Load and idler chain wheel

A chain guide shall be provided to prevent the load chain from jumping off of the chain wheels.

The selection criteria and the technical requirements shall be in accordance with EN 818-7.

Chain wheels shall be made in one piece.

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5.2.12 Link chain - roller chain

The coefficient of utilisation shall be:

a) at least 4 for welded load bearing calibrated link chains;

b) at least 4 for roller chains.

Chains shall be in accordance with:

a) EN 818-7, for fine tolerance short link chains (grade T);

b) ISO 606, Short pitch transmission precision roller chains and chain wheels,

5.2.13 Wire rope

Wire ropes shall be in accordance with EN 12385-1 and EN 12385-4.

The coefficient of utilisation of wire ropes relative to the minimum breaking strength of a wire rope shall be at least equal to 3.

Wire ropes shall be supplied in single lengths with splices or connections only at the ends.

5.2.14 Fibre rope and webbing

The coefficient of utilisation for loadbearing fibre ropes and webbing shall be at least 7.

5.2.15 Anchorage and end stop for load chain

Chain anchorage devices shall withstand 4 times the static chain tensile force at rated capacity without rupture.

The free end of the load chain shall be fitted with a chain end stop to prevent it from passing through completely. This end stop shall withstand without rupture 2,5 times the static chain tensile force at rated capacity.

5.2.16 Rope end terminations

The following devices shall be used as rope end terminations:

a) Asymmetric wedge socket clevis in accordance with prEN 13411-6.

b) Symmetric wedge socket clevis in accordance with prEN 13411-7 for ropes up to a maximum diameter of 8 mm.

c) Metal and resin socketing in accordance with EN 13411-4

d) Ferruled secured eyes in accordance with prEN 13411-3 using thimbles in accordance with EN 13411-1.

If not otherwise specified in the above EN standards, the rope-end terminations shall withstand a force of at least 85 % of the minimum breaking force of the rope without rupture.

Rope eyes with wire rope grips shall not be used as rope-end terminations.

5.2.17 Rope and webbing anchor on the drum

Rope and webbing anchor on the drum together with two frictional revolutions of the rope or webbing shall be capable of withstanding not less than 2,5 times the nominal forces in the rope or webbing. The specific friction values of the particular materials shall be considered for calculation of the friction torque. It shall be assumed that lubricants are present on the materials. For wire ropes the coefficient of friction to be taken in to account in the calculation shall not be greater than 0,1.

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Ropes shall be securely attached without being kinked.

A minimum of two windings shall always remain on the drum and shall be marked. The rope/webbing shall not be capable of being wound onto the drum in the wrong direction. These 2 requirements can be fulfilled if no braking function is provided when the rope or webbing is being wound in the wrong direction.

5.2.18 Temperature

Lever hoists, and their components shall be capable of operating within an ambient temperature range of - 10°C to + 50°C unless another temperature range is agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.


The braking system, the overload protection system and lever return devices shall only be able to be removed, modified, replaced, interfered or neutralised by the use of tools.


The requirement for safe handle of lever hoist is fulfilled : − If handles, hooks, or other means for slinging is provided or

− If the design of the lever hoist provides hand gripping points for manual handling. 5.3 Jaw winches


5.3.1.1 The mechanical strength shall be checked by an appropriate calculation method. Jaw winches shall have a coefficient of utilisation (safety coefficient) of at least 4 : 1.

The lifting lever shall be fitted with a device which limits the effort applied through this lever. The setting of this device shall limit the lifting force to not more than 2 times the rated capacity.

5.3.1.2 The jaw winch shall withstand 400 cycles with the rated capacity with no failure, no replacement of parts, no resting time, except for lubrication of the rope.

5.3.2 Braking

Jaw winches shall have an automatic braking function during the lifting and lowering operation.

The braking device shall allow a regular descent automatically controlled whatever the position of the load. This braking function is insured if one pair of jaws is always gripping the rope throughout the operating sequence.

As soon as action on one of the levers has stopped, both jaw blocks shall close (. like two independent brakes).

In the event of failure of one of the two jaw blocks, the alternating motion shall cease and the second jaw blocks shall hold the rated capacity.

5.3.3 Springs

The fracture of a spring shall not lead to a failure of the braking system except the springs used for load hook safety latches. This can be fulfilled by incorporation of a single guided pressure spring or by using several springs. Guided pressure springs shall have a distance between the coils of less than or equal to the wire diameter.. When using several springs, in the case of failure of one spring, the remaining spring(s) shall ensure that the retention is maintained.

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Removable levers shall be capable of being secured against unintentional disconnection.


The maximum force to be applied on the lever to lift the rated capacity shall not exceed 55 daN.

The mechanical advantage achieved by the association of the gear and the lever shall not allow the lifting of a load exceeding 2,5 times the rated capacity when 100 daN force is applied on the lever.

5.3.6 Disengagement of the jaws

Disengagement of the jaws shall only be possible at no or low load.

When jaw blocks are capable of opening simultaneously for the introduction or removal of rope, a safety system shall be provided against non-intentional disengagement.


Accessible parts of the jaw winch shall have no sharp edges, no sharp angles, and no rough surfaces likely to cause injury.

Jaw and their actuating mechanism shall be guarded to prevent accidental ingress of parts of the body.

5.3.8 Hook – anchorage

Hooks and anchorage shall be fitted with safety latches or locking devices to prevent unintentional detachment.

Load hooks used as lifting medium, which are not manufactured in accordance with a recognised standard shall not show permanent deformation at a static load of 2-times the rated capacity. At a static load of 4-times the rated capacity, the hook shall be allowed to bend however the load shall remain held safely. This shall be ensured by selecting the appropriate materials and by the heat treatment.

NOTE Standards for hooks are listed in annex A

5.3.9 Wire rope clamping mechanism

With a reduction of 10 % of the nominal wire rope diameter caused by wear, the clamping mechanism shall be capable of holding a load equal to at least 1,1 times the rated load.

A jaw tightening system shall be provided which ensures minimum variation in the tightening coefficient with wear of the jaws or rope.

Jaw winches shall be designed in such a way that one jaw block is always gripping the rope during lifting and lowering.

5.3.10 Wire rope

The coefficient of utilization of load bearing wire ropes shall be at least 5.

They shall be capable of withstanding at least 400 operational cycles at the rated capacity before reaching the discard criteria of ISO 4309.


5.3.11 Fibre rope

The coefficient of utilisation for loadbearing fibre ropes shall be at least 7.

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5.3.12 Wire rope terminations




c) Metal and resin socketing in accordance with EN 13411-4.


If not otherwise specified in the above EN-standards, the rope-end terminations shall withstand a force of at least 85 % of the minimum breaking force of the rope without rupture.

Rope eyes with wire rope grips shall not be used as rope-end terminations.

5.3.13 Temperature

Jaw winches, and their components shall be capable of operating within an ambient temperature range of - 10°C to + 50°C unless another temperature range is agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.


The braking system and the device that limits the effort applied on the lever shall only be able to be removed, modified, replaced, interfered or neutralised by the use of tools.


The requirement for safe handle of jaw winches is fulfilled:

− If handles, hooks, or other means for slinging is provided or

− If the design of the lever hoist provides hand gripping points for manual handling

5.4 Hand powered trolleys supporting lifting machines


In the case of combined units (e.g. Trolleys combined with a hand chain blocks) the requirements related to the hoist shall be in accordance with 5.1 for hand chain block and 5.2 for lever hoist.


The mechanical strength shall be checked by an appropriate calculation method. Calculation shall be made with a load making an angle of 5° with the vertical. Trolleys shall have a coefficient of utilisation (safety coefficient) of at least 4:1 before failure or derailment occurs.

5.4.3 Braking

If there is a risk that the trolley might move by itself because of the longitudinal slope of the travelling surface, it shall be fitted with a braking system.

NOTE The maximum permissible longitudinal slope of the travelling surface is specified in 7.4.1


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5.4.4 Springs

The fracture of a spring shall not lead to a failure of the braking system. This can be fulfilled by incorporation of a single guided pressure spring or by using several springs. Guided pressure springs shall have a distance between the coils of less than or equal to the wire diameter. When using several springs in the case of failure of one spring, the remaining spring(s) shall ensure that the retention is maintained.


Hand chains shall be secured against unintentional disconnection from the hand chain wheel.


To move the rated capacity the operating effort of each operator shall not exceed 25 daN on the hand chain.

5.4.7 Anti-Derailment

Trolleys shall incorporate features to prevent derailment such as guide rollers and/or wheel flanges

5.4.8 Anti- fall

In the event of failure of a wheel, an axle or bearing, the trolley shall be prevented from falling.

5.4.9 Hand chains

Hand chains shall have no sharpness around the welds.

The connecting links of the hand chain shall resist without permanent deformation a force of at least 120 daN.

5.4.10 Wheels

If the trolley is not fitted with guide rollers then the wheels shall be fitted with a device, such as wheel flanges, to prevent any derailment or overturning.

5.4.11 Buffers

Trolleys shall be fitted with buffers.

5.4.12 Temperature

Trolleys and their components shall be capable of operating within an ambient temperature range of - 10°C to + 50°C unless another temperature range is agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.


If there is a braking system, it shall only be able to be removed, modified, replaced, interfered or neutralised by the use of tools.

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5.5 Drum winches


5.5.1.1 The mechanical strength shall be checked by an appropriate calculation method. Hand drum winches shall have a coefficient of utilisation (safety coefficient) of at least 4 : 1.

5.5.1.2 The drum winch shall withstand 1 500 cycles with 110% of the rated capacity with no failure, no replacement of parts except the rope or webbing, no resting time, except for lubrication, a lifting path of the lifting medium which ensures that each tooth will operate under load at least once.

5.5.2 Braking

Hand drum winches shall have an automatic braking function during the lifting and lowering operation.


The braking device shall allow a regular descent under operator control whatever the position of the load.


5.5.3 Springs

The fracture of a spring shall not lead to a failure of the braking system except the springs used for load hook safety latches. This can be fulfilled by incorporation of a single guided pressure spring or by using several springs. Guided pressure springs shall have a distance between the coils of less than or equal to the wire diameter.. When using several springs in the case of failure of one spring, the remaining spring(s) shall ensure that the retention is maintained.


Cranks and operating wheels shall be capable of being secured against unintentional disconnection from the drive shaft.

Cranks and operating wheels shall have a return travel distance not exceeding 150 mm (see figure 7). After a movement of not more than 150 mm, a pawl or other load retaining device shall be engaged.


To lift the rated capacity the operating effort of each operator shall not exceed 25 daN on a crank or an operating wheel.

5.5.6 Freespooling of the lifting medium

For freespooling of the lifting medium it may be possible to open the brake system only under the condition of low loading. The brake system shall automatically apply when the load on the lifting medium is greater than 30 kg for capacities up to 1 000 kg, and greater than 3% of the rated load above 1 000Kg.

In this respect, the load shall not be allowed to descend more than 300 mm, before the brake acts to stop the load falling.

It shall not be possible to declutch or disengage the drive shaft and/or other components.

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Accessible parts of the hand drum winches shall have no sharp edges, no sharp angles, and no rough surfaces likely to cause injury.


5.5.8 Hooks




NOTE Standards for hooks are listed in annex A.

5.5.9 Drum - Drum flanges

For drum winches with wire rope, D/d ratio for the drum shall be at least equal to 10.

The ratio of belt sheave and drum diameter to the rated webbing thickness shall not be less than 15 (D/s ≥ 15), where s is the thickness of the webbing.

The projection of the drum flanges of the drum beyond the final wound layer of rope or webbing shall correspond to at least 1,5 times the rope diameter or the webbing thickness respectively, when the maximum designed length of rope or webbing has been fully wound onto the drum.

5.5.10 Wire rope

Wire ropes shall be in accordance with EN 12385-1 and EN 12385-4.

The coefficient of utilisation of wire ropes relative to the minimum breaking strength of a wire rope shall be at least equal to 3.


5.5.11 Fibre rope and webbing

The coefficient of utilisation for loadbearing fibre ropes and webbing shall be at least 7.

5.5.12 Anchorage/ Securing from running of the lifting medium

Rope and webbing anchor on the drum together with two frictional revolutions of the rope or webbing shall be capable of withstanding not less than 2,5 times the nominal forces in the rope or webbing. For wire ropes the coefficient of friction to be taken in to account in the calculation shall not be greater than 0,1.

Ropes shall be securely attached without being kinked.

A minimum of two windings shall always remain on the drum and shall be marked. The rope/webbing shall not be capable of being wound onto the drum in the wrong direction. These 2 requirements can be fulfilled if no braking function is provided when the rope or webbing is being wound in the wrong direction.

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5.5.13 Wire ropes terminations




c) Metal and resin socketing in accordance with EN 13411-4.


If not otherwise specified in the above EN-standards, the rope-end terminations shall withstand a force of at least 85 % of the minimum breaking force of the rope without rupture.

5.5.14 Temperature

Drum winches, and their components shall be capable of operating within an ambient temperature range of - 10°C to + 50°C unless another temperature range is agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.


If there is a braking system it shall only be able to be removed, modified, replaced, interfered or neutralised by the use of tools.

5.6 Pulley blocks and deflection pulleys


The mechanical strength shall be checked by an appropriate calculation method. Pulley blocks and sheaves elements subjected to the direct action of the load shall have a coefficient of utilisation (safety coefficient) of at least 4 : 1.

5.6.2 Opening system - disengagement

If pulley blocks and sheaves are of the opening type to permit reeving, the opening system shall be captive and prevent inadvertent opening

5.6.3 Means of attachment

Two hooks shall be fitted, one to suspend the pulley block/deflection pulley, the other to attach the load.




NOTE Standards are listed in annex A

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5.6.4 Sheaves for wire ropes

The pitch circle diameter to the centre line of the rope (D) shall be at least 12 times the nominal diameter of the rope (d).

The groove angle shall be between 45 ° and 55 °.

The radius of the groove shall be between d/2 + 5 % and d/2 + 10 %.

The depth of the groove shall be at least 1,5 times the nominal diameter of the rope.

5.6.5 Sheaves for fibre ropes

The groove of sheave for fibre rope shall be radiused. The radius shall be at least equal to half of the fibre rope diameter.

5.6.6 Rope guide

Pulley blocks and sheaves shall be fitted with a rope guide system to ensure that the rope stays located in the groove of the sheave, in case of slack rope, manual intervention.

5.6.7 Temperature

Pulley blocks and sheaves, and their components shall be capable of operating within an ambient temperature range of -10°C to + 50°C unless another temperature range is agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures

6.1 General

Conformance to each safety requirement and/or measure in clauses 5 and 7 shall be verified in accordance with tables 7 to 12. These tables specify for each requirement the type of verification (see 6.2) and the verification methods (see 6.3) which shall be used.

6.2 Categories of verification

6.2.1 Type verification

Verification carried out on one or several representative samples of a product manufactured in series.

6.2.2 Individual verifications

Verification of each unit put on the market before despatch.

6.2.3 Sample verification for jaw winches

Verification by sampling on sample of a product manufactured in a series with a rated capacity less or equal to 300 kg (Minimum sampling 10% of each manufactured series).

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6.3 Verification methods

6.3.1 Check of calculation, examination and measurement

6.3.1.1 Calculation check (CC in table 7 to 12)

For lifting equipment produced in series or designed individually (manufactured as a single unit) mechanical strength shall be verified by checking calculation documents.

6.3.1.2 Measurement of characteristics (MC in table 7 to 12)

This method is used to determine whether characteristics/dimensions of components meet the requirements of clause 5.

6.3.1.3 Visual examination (VE in table 7 to 12)

This method is used to verify whether something is present on the product (e.g. marking) or that a certificate (e.g. chains, ropes, webbing), documents (e.g. instructions for use) or drawings are adequate to meet the requirements of clauses 5 and 7

6.3.2 Testing

6.3.2.1 Breakage test (BT in table 7 to 12)

Lifting equipment that is mass produced with a rated capacity up to 5t shall be subjected to a type test at the most unfavourable position of the lifting medium with a static load of 4 times the rated capacity.

Lifting equipment that is mass produced with a rated capacity greater than 5t or designed individually (manufactured as a single unit) and that has a coefficient of utilisation that cannot be checked by calculation shall be subjected to a type test with a load of 4 times the rated capacity.

If, after 10 minutes, the lifting equipment is still holding the test load , the test result shall be considered satisfactory.

NOTE Permanent deformations can appear.

6.3.2.2 Static test (ST in table 7 to 12)

Lifting equipment manufactured as single units that have not been subjected to a breakage test prior to first use, shall be subjected to a test consisting of suspending a load of:

1,5 times the rated capacity for rated capacities less than 20 t and

1,25 the rated capacity equal to or greater than 20 t

for at least 10 minutes.

The test shall be considered satisfactory if no cracks, permanent deformation or damage that would adversely affect the function or safety of the lifting equipment is visible, and the connections have not become loose or damaged and if the braking device can hold the load without slipping and if it is possible to perform the dynamic test with the same lifting equipment after the static test.

6.3.2.3 Dynamic test (DT in table 7 to 12)

Lifting equipment shall be subjected to a dynamic operating test of 1,1 times the rated capacity.

Tests shall be carried out for each lifting equipment movement under the most unfavourable conditions. The tests shall comprise repeated stopping and starting for each machine movement.

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The test shall be considered satisfactory if the lifting equipment has carried out all its functions, and that when examined after the test, there is no damage to the mechanisms or structural elements, and that the connections have not become loose or damaged.

6.3.2.4 Functional test (FT in table 7 to 12)

Lifting equipment works at rated capacity as intended and all functions conform to the requirements and with the technical documentation.

6.3.3 Additional tests for Chain blocks

6.3.3.1 Light load test (LLT in table 7)

Hand chain blocks shall be subjected to a type test with a test load of between 2% and 10% of the rated capacity which shall be raised and lowered through a height of between 250 mm and 500 mm.

When the hand chain is released at any point during raising and lowering cycle, the brake shall hold the load.

6.3.3.2 End stop static test (FSST in table 7)

With the braking system deactivated and the end stop in contact with the housing the test load shall be held even if permanent deformation occurs.

6.3.3.3 Endurance test (ET in table 7)

Hand chain blocks that are mass-produced and have a rated capacity up to 5t shall be exempt from the following endurance test.

With 110% of the rated capacity on the lower hook, operate the hand chain block for 1 500 cycles, over 300 mm lifting and lowering the load. The path of 300 mm ensures that all the component parts (e.g. gears, load wheel etc.) operate underload. At no time during the test shall the test load be set on to the floor. An automatic counting system shall be used to count the number of lifting and lowering cycles.

The speed of the lifting and lowering operating cycle shall be no less than the speed of an operator working continuously for 1 minute. The test could be done with higher lifting and lowering speeds, depending on the drive unit which is used.

The drive unit shall run continuously during the test except for lubricating the load chain, or to replace the load chain.

No other parts shall be replaced, or reworked and at the end of the test they shall show no signs of failure.

For multiple strand units (e.g. double, four, eight or more strand units), it is only necessary to test a single strand unit.

If after the 1 500 cycles, the hand chain block is still holding the load of 150 % in a static test (see. 6.3.2.2) the test result shall be considered satisfactory.

6.3.4 Additional tests for lever hoists


Lever hoists shall be subjected to a type test with a test load of between 2% and 10 % of the rated capacity which shall be raised and lowered through a height of between 250 mm and 500 mm.

When the lever is released at any point during raising and lowering cycle, the brake shall hold the load.

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6.3.4.2 End stop static test (ESST in table 8)

With the braking system deactivated and the end stop in contact with the housing the test load shall be held even if permanent deformation occurs.

6.3.4.3 Fastening static test (FST in table 8)

With a minimum of two revolutions on the drum, the lifting medium shall not slip or break when a tensile force of 2,5 times the nominal force in the rope or the webbing is applied.


For lever hoists that are mass-produced and have a rated capacity up to 5t shall be exempt from the following endurance test.

With 110% of the rated capacity on the lower hook, operate the lever hoist for 1 500 cycles, over 300 mm lifting and lowering the load. The path of 300 mm ensures that all the component parts (e.g. gears, load sheave etc.) operate underload. At no time during the test shall the test load be set on to the floor. An automatic counting system shall be used to count the number of lifting and lowering cycles.


The drive unit shall run continuously during the test except for lubricating the load chain, the wire rope or the mechanism, or to replace the lifting medium.

No other parts shall be replaced, or reworked and at the end of the test they shall show no signs of failure

For multiple strand units (e.g. double, four, eight or more strand units), it’-is only necessary to test a single strand unit.

If after the 1 500 cycles, the lever hoist is still holding the load of 150 % in a static test (see. 6.3.2.2) the test result shall be considered satisfactory.

6.3.5 Additional tests for jaw winches


Jaw winch that are mass-produced and have a rated capacity up to 5t shall be exempt from the following endurance test.

With the rated capacity suspended to at least 20 m of reeved rope, operate the jaw winch for 1 500 operation cycles. At no time during the test shall the test load be set on to the floor. An automatic counting system shall be used to count the number of lifting and lowering cycles.


The drive unit shall run continuously during the test except for lubricating the mechanism or rope or to replace the rope.

The rope shall withstand 400 operational cycles before reaching the discard criteria defined in ISO 4309.


If After the 1 500 cycles, the jaw winch is still holding the load of 150 % in a static test (see. 6.3.2.2) the test result shall be considered satisfactory.

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6.3.6 Additional tests for drum winches


Drum winch that are mass-produced and have a rated capacity up to 5t shall be exempt from the following endurance test.

With 110% of the rated capacity on the lower hook, operate the drum winch for 1 500 cycles, over a lifting and lowering path of the lifting medium which ensures that each tooth will operate underload at least once. At no time during the test shall the test load be set on to the floor. An automatic counting system shall be used to count the number of lifting and lowering cycles.


The drive unit shall run continuously during the test except for lubricating the mechanism or rope or to replace the rope.


If after the 1 500 cycles, the drum winch is still holding the load of 150 % in a static test (see. 6.3.2.2) the test result shall be considered satisfactory.

6.3.6.2 Fastening static test (FST in table 11)

With a minimum of two revolutions left on the drum, the lifting medium shall not slip or break when a tensile force of 2,5 times the nominal force in the rope or the webbing is applied.


Drum winches shall be subjected to a type test with a test load of between 2% and 10% of the rated capacity which shall be raised and lowered through a height of between 250 mm and 500 mm.

When the drum winch is released at any point during raising and lowering cycle, the brake shall hold the load.

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Table 7 — Verification methods to be used for hand chain blocks

Clauses Product manufactured in series Product designed individually

Type verification Individual verification

Individual verification

5.1.1 Combined units CC + VE + BT1 + DT

VE CC + VE + ST + DT

5.1.2 Mechanical strength CC + BT1 + ST + ET1

DT CC + ST + DT

5.1.3 Braking ST + LLT + DT + FT DT ST + LLT + DT + FT

5.1.4 Springs VE VE

5.1.5 Operating elements DT + FT + MC DT + FT DT + FT + MC

5.1.6 Operating effort MC MC

5.1.7 Guarding cover VE VE

5.1.8 Hooks CC + VE + [BT2] VE CC + VE + [BT2]

5.1.9 Chain wheel MC + VE + CC MC + VE + CC

5.1.10 Link chain CC + VE + [BT2] VE CC + VE + [BT2]

5.1.11 Anchorage and end stop of the load chain

CC + [BT2] + ESST VE CC + [BT2] + ST

5.1.12 Temperature CC CC

5.1.13 Safety devices VE VE

5.1.14 Transport, installation and fastening VE VE

7.1.1 Instructions VE VE VE

7.1.2 Information on periodic inspection verification and testing

VE VE VE

7.1.3 Marking VE VE VE

1 Breakage and endurance test only for mass produced lifting equipment with rated capacity up to 5 t. 2 Breakage test can be done but it is not compulsory, provided that a certificate is produced.

CC Calculation check DT Dynamic test MC Measurement of characteristics FT Functional test VE Visual examination LLT Light load test BT Breakage test ESST End stop static test ST Static test ET Endurance test

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Table 8 — Verification methods to be used for lever hoist


Type verification Individual verification Individual Verification

5.2.1 Combined units CC + VE + BT1 + DT VE CC + VE + ST + DT

5.2.2 Mechanical strength CC + ST + BT1 + ET1

DT CC + ST + DT

5.2.3 Braking DT + FT + ST + LLT DT DT + ST + FT + LLT

5.2.4 Springs VE VE



5.2.7 Freespooling of the lifting medium

FT + MC FT FT + MC

5.2.8 Guarding - cover VE VE

5.2.9 Hooks CC + [BT2] + VE VE CC + [BT2] + VE

5.2.10 Drum and sheaves MC + VE MC + VE

5.2.11 Load and idler chain wheel MC + VE + CC MC + VE + CC

5.2.12 Link chain – roller chain CC+ VE + [BT2] VE CC + [BT2] + VE

5.2.13 Wire rope CC+ VE + [BT2] VE CC + [BT2] + VE

5.2.14 Fibre rope and webbing CC+ VE + [BT2] VE CC + [BT2] + VE

5.2.15 Anchorage and end stop for load chain

CC + ESST + [BT2] DT + VE CC + ST + [BT2]

5.2.16 Rope end terminations VE VE VE

5.2.17 Rope and webbing anchor on the drum

CC + FST CC + ST



5.2.20 Handling , installation and fastening

VE VE

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VE VE VE


1 Breakage and endurance test only for mass produced lifting equipment with rated capacity up to 5 t. 2 Breakage test can be done but it is not compulsory, provided that a certificate is produced. CC Calculation check FT Functional test MC Measurement of characteristics LLT Light load test VE Visual examination FST Fastening static test BT Breakage test ESST End stop static test ST Static test ET Endurance test DT Dynamic test

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Table 9 — Verification methods to be used for jaw winches

Clauses Product manufactured in series Product designed

individually

Type verification

Sample verification

WLL ≤≤≤≤ 300 kg



5.3.1 Mechanical strength CC + ST + ET1 + BT1 DT2 DT3 CC + ST + DT

5.3.2 Braking DT + FT + ST DT2 DT3 DT + FT + ST

5.3.3 Springs VE VE

5.3.4 Operating elements DT + FT + MC DT2+ FT2 DT3+ FT3 DT + FT + MC


5.3.6 Disengagement of the jaws

FT FT2 FT3 FT

5.3.7 Guarding cover VE VE

5.3.8 Hook - anchorage CC + BT + VE VE CC + [BT4] + VE

5.3.9 Wire rope clamping mechanism

CC + VE VE VE

5.3.10 Wire rope CC + VE ET1 VE CC + [BT4] + VE

5.3.11 Fibre rope CC + VE VE CC + [BT4] + VE

5.3.12 Wire rope terminations VE VE VE


5.3.14 Safety devices VE VE VE

5.3.15 Handling installation and fastening

VE VE

7.1 Instructions VE VE VE

7.2 Information on periodic inspection verification and testing

VE VE VE

7.3 Marking VE VE VE 1 Breakage and endurance test only for mass produced lifting equipment with rated capacity up to 5 t. 2 Sample verification see clause 6.2.3. 3 Not necessary to carry out if the rated capacity ≤ 300 kg since there are covered by the sample verification. 4 Breakage test can be carried out but it is not compulsory, provided that a certificate is produced. CC Calculation check MC Measurement of

characteristics VE Visual examination

BT Breakage test ST Static test DT Dynamic test

FT Functional test ET Endurance test

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Table 10 — Verification methods to be used for trolleys




5.4.1 Combined units VE + CC + BT1 + DT

VE VE + CC + BT1 + DT

5.4.2 Mechanical strength CC+ST+ BT1 DT CC+ST

5.4.3 Braking DT + FT + ST DT DT + FT + MC

5.4 4 Springs VE VE


5.4.6 Operating effort MC MC MC

5.4.7 Anti-Derailment VE VE

5.4.8 Anti- fall VE VE

5.4.9 Hand chains VE VE VE

5.4.10 Wheels VE VE+MC+WT

5.4.11 Buffers VE VE VE





VE VE VE


1 Breakage test only for mass produced lifting equipment with rated capacity up to 5 t. 2 Breakage test can be done but it is not compulsory, provided that a certificate is produced. CC Calculation check ST Static test MC Measurement of characteristics DT Dynamic test VE Visual examination FT Functional test BT Breakage test

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Table 11 — Verification methods to be used for drum winches




5.5.1 Mechanical strength CC+ST+ ET1 + BT1 DT ST + CC

5.5.2 Braking FT + DT + MC + LLT

DT DT + CC + LLT

5.5.3 Springs VE VE



5.5.6 Freespooling of the lifting medium FT + MC FT + MC

5.5.7 Guarding - cover VE VE

5.5.8 Hooks CC + [BT2] + VE VE CC + [BT2] + VE

5.5.9 Drum - Drum flanges MC + VE MC + VE

5.5.10 Wire rope CC + [BT2] + VE VE CC + [BT2] + VE

5.5.12 Anchorage/securing from running of the lifting medium

CC + FST CC

5.5.13 Wire ropes terminations CC + [BT2] + VE VE CC + [BT2] + VE





VE VE VE


1 Breakage and endurance test only for mass produced lifting equipment with rated capacity up to 5 t. 2 Breakage test can be done but it is not compulsory, provided that a certificate is produced. CC Calculation check DT Dynamic test MC Measurement of characteristics FT Functional test VE Visual examination FST Fastening static test BT Breakage test ET Endurance test ST Static test

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Table 12 — Verification methods to be used for pulley blocks and deflection pulleys




5.6.1 Mechanical strength CC+ST+ BT1 DT CC + ST + DT

5.6.2 Opening systems - disengagement VE VE VE

5.6.3 Means of attachment CC + [BT2] + VE VE CC + [BT2] + VE

5.6.4 Sheaves for wire ropes MC VE MC

5.6.5 Sheaves for fibre ropes MC VE MC

5.6.6 Rope guide FT FT FT




VE VE VE


1 Breakage test only for mass produced lifting equipment with rated capacity up to 5 t. 2 Breakage test can be done but it is not compulsory, provided that a certificate is produced. CC Calculation check ST Static test MC Measurement of characteristics DT Dynamic test VE Visual examination FT Functional test BT Breakage test

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7 Information for use

7.1 Information for use of hand chain blocks

7.1.1 Instructions for hand chain blocks

The supplier shall provide information and advice as instructions for use in accordance with clause 5.5 of EN 292-2, drafted in an EC language and accompanied by a translation into the language(s) of the country of use, specifying in particular:

a) Intended use;

b) Technical data;

c) Operating instructions;

d) The fastening, installation, transport and storage conditions;

e) The table of loads as a function of the machine configurations and support conditions;

f) Uses presenting particular hazards and information on foreseeable inappropriate uses, particularly in the case of jamming hazard from mobile elements;

g) Maximum elevation of the fixing point;

h) Ambient operating temperature; between -10°C and +50°C ;

i) Risks of overheating of the braking system during prolonged lowering of loads;

j) Forbidden use of equipment in a specific environment (explosive, corrosive, etc.);

k) Maintenance instructions for each of the constituent elements of the equipment with regard to servicing, periodic maintenance, corrosion protection, repair and storage conditions when not in service. In particular, instructions to specify the frequency of overhauls, and elements whose deterioration would involve a risk to health and safety, particularly elements such as chains, brake linings and the criteria leading to replacement of these original items such as number of operations carried out and wear factor. In addition, chain characteristics and instructions for their replacement shall be specified;;

l) If necessary, advice on the training of operators;

m) If a rated capacity limiter is fitted (e.g. friction limiter), the maximum force which applies to the supporting structure when the rated capacity limiter operates;

n) Instructions to adjust the bottom of the hand chain between 500 mm and 1 000 mm from the ground.

7.1.2 Information on periodic verification and testing of hand chain blocks

The manufacturer shall indicate the intervals at which the tests and verifications he specifies (not including those imposed on users by national regulations) should be carried out, i.e.:

a) prior to commissioning;

b) after repair or reassembly or prolonged stoppage;

c) during the period of use of the equipment.

The manufacturer shall specify a list of original items requiring specific use and testing.

The manufacturer shall advise the user to look out for any defects occurring during use.

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7.1.3 Marking of hand chain blocks

All hand chain blocks shall have a permanent identification plate located in a clearly visible position, which gives the information listed below.

a) the name and address of the manufacturer;

b) the series or type designation;

c) the serial number, if it exists;

d) the rated capacity on the cover and on the bottom block;

e) year of manufacture;

f) the dimensions and quality of the load chains.

7.2 Information for use of lever hoists

7.2.1 Instructions


a) Intended use;

b) Technical data;



e) The table of loads as a function of the machine configurations and support conditions;

f) Uses presenting particular hazards and information on foreseeable inappropriate use;

g) Ambient operating temperature; -10°C and +50°C

h) Risks of overheating of the braking system during prolonged lowering of loads;

i) Forbidden use of equipment in a specific environment (explosive, corrosive, etc.);

j) Use of the system for freespooling of the lifting medium;

k) Maintenance instructions for each of the constituent elements of the equipment with regard to servicing, periodic maintenance, corrosion protection, repair and storage conditions when not in service. In particular, instructions to specify the frequency of overhauls, and elements whose deterioration would involve a risk to health and safety, particularly elements such as chains, ropes, brake linings and the criteria leading to replacement of these original items such as number of operations carried out and wear factor. In addition, rope, chain and webbing characteristics and instructions for their replacement shall be specified;

l) If necessary, advice on the training of operators.

m) If a rated capacity limiter is fitted (e.g.; friction limiter), the maximum force which applies to the supporting structure when the rated capacity limiter operates.

n) If pulleys blocks are used with lever blocks fitted with ropes, they shall be in accordance with clause 5.6.

o) The minimum load for the automatic closing of the brake.

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7.2.2 Information on periodic verification and testing of lever hoists







7.2.3 Marking for lever hoists

All lever hoists shall have a permanent identification plate located in a clearly visible position, which gives the information listed below.



c) the serial number;

d) the rated capacity on the hoist and on the bottom block;


f) the dimensions and quality of the attachments (chains, ropes, webbing, etc.);

g) the tensile forces for the first layer and top layer;

h) the diameter and minimum breaking force of the rope;

i) the marking of the direction of movement;

j) the marking of the direction of winding of the rope;

and, if applicable,

k) the number of winding layers.

7.3 Information for use of jaw winches

7.3.1 Instructions for jaw winches


a) Intended use;

b) Technical data;



e) Uses presenting particular hazards and information on foreseeable inappropriate uses

f) Ambient operating temperature between - 10°C and + 50°C;

g) Restricted use (explosive environment, corrosive environment, etc.);

h) Use of the disengagement system;

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i) Maintenance instructions for each of the constituent elements of the equipment with regard to servicing, periodic maintenance, corrosion protection, repair and storage conditions when not in service. In particular, instructions to specify the frequency of overhauls, and elements whose deterioration would involve a risk to health and safety, particularly elements such as ropes, and the criteria leading to replacement of these original items such as number of operations carried out and wear factor. In addition, where applicable rope, chain and webbing characteristics and instructions for their replacement shall be specified;

j) Maximum permissible wear for the jaws and rope, and how this wear is to be measured;

k) If necessary, advice on the training of operators;

l) The obligation to use with the jaw winch pulley blocks and deflection pulleys in accordance with 5.6.

7.3.2 Information on periodic verification and testing of jaw winches







7.3.3 Marking for jaw winches

All jaw winches shall have a permanent identification plate located in a clearly visible position, which gives the information listed below. a) the name and address of the manufacturer



d) the rated capacity ;


f) the dimensions and quality of the ropes;

g) the marking of the direction of movement.

7.4 Information for use of hand powered trolleys

7.4.1 Instructions for hand powered trolleys

The supplier shall provide information and advice as instructions for use in accordance with clause 5.5 of EN 292-2, drafted in an EC language and accompanied by a translation into the language(s) of the country of use, specifying in particular: a) Intended use;

b) Technical data;



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e) The table of loads as a function of the machine configurations and support conditions (e.g. horizontal load on the runway);

f) Uses presenting particular hazards and information on foreseeable inappropriate uses, particularly in the case of jamming hazard from mobile elements;

g) Characteristics and tolerance of runways and supports e.g.

h) Maximum deflection of 1/500 the span under the self weight of the trolley and the rated capacity,

i) Maximum longitudinal slope of the travelling surface 0,3%,

j) Maximum elevation of the runways to the floor for the geared travel trolleys,

k) The stability conditions as a function of the conditions of use, specifying the centre of gravity for the various equipment used and the different operating configurations, in particular, to take into account the balancing of the loads on mobile equipment;

l) Ambient operating temperature between - 10°C and + 50°C;

m) Risks of overheating of the braking system during prolonged lowering of loads;

n) Forbidden use of equipment in a specific environment (explosive, corrosive, etc.);

o) Forbidden use of wheels with cylindrical tread on tapered flanges;

p) For combined trolleys not fitted with gear transmission, advice to the effect that the operator has to push the load rather than pull it;

q) Maintenance instructions for each of the constituent elements of the equipment with regard to servicing, periodic maintenance, corrosion protection, repair and storage conditions when not in service. In particular, instructions to specify the frequency of overhauls, and elements whose deterioration would involve a risk to health and safety, particularly elements such as chains, brake linings and the criteria leading to replacement of these original items such as number of operations carried out and wear factor. In addition, chain characteristics and instructions for their replacement shall be specified;

r) If necessary, advice on the training of operators;

s) Instructions to adjust the bottom of the chain between 500 mm and 1 000 mm from the ground;

t) The necessity to be assisted when the size of the load prevents adequate visibility of the zone in front of the load;

u) The necessity to carry out a risk assessment to avoid injuries due to over intensive use.

NOTE prEN 1005-3 provide a risk assessment method for operating effort in the case of intensive use.

7.4.2 Information on periodic verification and testing of hand powered trolleys







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7.4.3 Marking for hand powered trolleys

All hand powered trolleys shall have a permanent identification plate located in a clearly visible position, which gives the information listed below.




d) the rated capacity ;

e) year of manufacture.

7.5 Information for use of drum winches

7.5.1 Instructions for drum winches

The supplier shall provide information and advice as instructions for use in accordance with clause 5.5 of EN 292-2, drafted in an EC language and accompanied by a translation into the language(s) of the country of use, specifying in particular: a) Intended use;

b) Technical data;



e) The table of loads as a function of the drum winch configurations and support conditions;

f) Uses presenting particular hazards and information on foreseeable inappropriate uses, particularly in the case of jamming hazard between the rope and the drum or the puncture hazard from broken strands in the rope;

g) Ambient operating temperature between - 10°C and + 50°C;

h) Risks of overheating of the braking system during prolonged lowering of loads;

i) Forbidden use of drum winch in a specific environment (explosive, corrosive, etc.);

j) Use of the disengagement system;

k) Maintenance instructions for each of the constituent elements of the equipment with regard to servicing, periodic maintenance, corrosion protection, repair and storage conditions when not in service. In particular, instructions to specify the frequency of overhauls, and elements whose deterioration would involve a risk to health and safety, particularly elements such as, ropes, brake linings and the criteria leading to replacement of these original items such as number of operations carried out and wear factor. In addition, rope, chain and webbing characteristics and instructions for their replacement shall be specified;

l) If necessary, advice on the training of operators;

m) If pulleys blocks are used with drum winches , they shall be in accordance with clause 5.6;

n) The minimum load for the automatic closing of the brake.

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7.5.2 Information on periodic verification and testing of drum winches







7.5.3 Marking for drum winches

All drum winches shall have a permanent identification plate located in a clearly visible position, which gives the information listed below. This does not apply to drum winches whose nature or size do not allow the affixing of a permanent and clearly legible plate. However, such equipment shall have at least the load capacity marked on it, and a mark making it possible to identify its supplier and its individual identity.

a) the name and address of the manufacturer,



d) the rated capacity;


f) the dimensions and quality of the rope;

g) the number of winding layers;

h) the tensile forces for the first layer and top layer;

i) the diameter and minimum breaking force of the rope;

j) the marking of the direction of movement;

k) the marking of the direction of winding of the rope.

7.6 Information for use of pulley blocks and deflection pulleys

7.6.1 Instructions for pulley blocks and deflection pulleys


a) Intended use;

b) Technical data;



e) The table of loads as a function of the pulley blocks or deflection pulleys configurations and support conditions;

f) Uses presenting particular hazards and information on foreseeable inappropriate uses, particularly in the case of jamming hazard between the lifting medium and the frame or the puncture hazard from broken strands in the rope;

g) Ambient operating temperature between - 10°C and + 50°C;

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h) Forbidden use of equipment in a specific environment (explosive, corrosive, etc.);

i) Use of the opening system;

j) Maintenance instructions for each of the constituent elements of the equipment with regard to servicing, periodic maintenance, corrosion protection, repair and storage conditions when not in service. In particular, instructions to specify the frequency of overhauls, and elements whose deterioration would involve a risk to health and safety and the criteria leading to replacement of these original items such as number of operations carried out and wear factor. In addition, rope characteristics and instructions for their replacement shall be specified;

k) The utilization coefficient of the wire ropes used with the pulley block or the sheave shall be at least equal to 5;

l) The utilization coefficient of the fibre ropes used with the pulley block or the sheave shall be at least equal to 7;

m) Lifting medium used with the pulley block or sheave shall be supplied in single lengths with splices or connections only at the ends.

n) If necessary, advice on the training of operators

o) the following requirements for rope terminations:

− terminations shall withstand a force of at least 85 % of the minimum breaking force of the rope without rupture;

− Asymmetric wedge socket clevis shall be in accordance with prEN 13411-6;

− Metal and resin socketing shall be in accordance with EN 13411-4;

− Rope eyes with wire rope grips shall not be used as rope-end terminations;

− Symmetric wedge socket clevis shall be used only for rope diameters up to 8 mm.

7.6.2 Information on periodic verification and testing







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7.6.3 Marking for pulley blocks and deflection pulleys

All pulley blocks and deflection pulleys shall have a permanent identification plate located in a clearly visible position, which gives the information listed below. This does not apply to machines whose nature or size do not allow the affixing of a permanent and clearly legible plate. However, such equipment shall have at least the load capacity marked on it, and a mark making it possible to identify its supplier and its individual identity.




d) the rated capacity;


f) the dimensions and quality of the rope;

g) the minimum breaking force of the rope.

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Annex A (normative)

Standards for hooks

BS 2903, Specification for higher tensile steel hooks for chains, slings, blocks and general engineering purposes

EN 1677-2, Components for slings - Safety - Part 2: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch, Grade 8

EN 1677-5, Components for slings - Safety - Part 5: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch – Grade 4

DIN 15400, Lifting hooks; materials, mechanical properties, lifting capacity and stresses

DIN 15401-1, Lifting hooks for lifting appliances; Single hooks, Unmachined parts

DIN 15402-1, Lifting hooks for lifting appliances, Ramshorn hooks; Unmaschined parts

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Annex ZA (informative)

Relationship of this European Standard and the essential requirements of EC Directive 98/37/EC

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide one means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC.

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.

WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard.

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BS EN
13157:2004

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BSEN 13157 Hand Powered LE