BSS Mud School

Surface Solutions™

http://www.halliburton.com/

2 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

“Engineered Waste

Management Solutions

Customized to Maximize

Drilling Effectiveness

Baroid Surface Solutions ™ Value Proposition



Definition:

Methods of treating drilling waste streams, thereby enabling

operators to:

• Recover and recycle fluids

• Dispose of solids safely

• Comply with environmental regulations

Elements of a solution typically involve:

• Handling technologies - moving and storing waste streams

• Separation technologies - separating solids from liquids

• Treatment technologies - processing waste streams to meet safe

disposal requirements

3

Surface Solutions



BSS Support: Surface Solutions (continued)

High-volume centrifuges remove fine particles from drilling muds.

High-flow filtration units help reclaim completion fluids.

Honey Comb Bottom™ tanks are a cost-effective alternative to the skip-and-ship operations used on most rigs.

TCC (thermo mechanical cuttings cleaner) technology uses far less energy than the aging industry standard, TDU (thermal desorption unit).

Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) units lift small particulates and oil to the surface of a tank where they can be skimmed from the surface.

The Full-Circle Cuttings Injection Process reduces drilled cuttings to an engineered slurry, then injects them back into a disposal domain for geological periods of time.

Cuttings Dryers allows us to reduce the total waste stream volumes, lowering disposal and transportation costs.

4



Waste Minimization & Reuse Waste Handling & Transfer Waste Treatment & Disposal

Conventional SCE Equipment • Shale Shakers

• Centrifuges

Standard Transfer Systems • Screw Conveyors

• Gravity Transfer

Thermal Treatment • Thermal Desorption

• Incineration

Rig Audits Vacuum Transfer Systems • SupaVAC

Injection • Full Circle Cuttings Re-Injection Process

Cuttings Drying Equipment • Vertical & Horizontal Dryers (V-71 & V-133)

• Vacuum Dryers (RVD)

• Drying Shakers

Skip & Ship • Cuttings Skips

• Cuttings Trucks

Fixation • Stabilization and Disposal

• Use for Construction Purposes

Liquid Mud Plant • Swift Plants

Bulk Transfer • HCB tanks

• Cuttings Containers

Bioremediation • Composting

• Landfarming

• Bioreactors

Full suite Derrick Equipment

and screens

Dedicated Liquid Trucks Landfill disposal

Filtration. Dedicated Cuttings Trucks

and CTT

Mud and Liquid Treatment • Enviro-Floc System

• Slop Water Treatment

Drilling Waste Management



What is Drilling Waste Management?

“A strategy of minimizing environmental

liability for the customer using the best, available technology in the most efficient and

cost-effective manner.”



Drilling Waste Types

OBM Cuttings WBM Cuttings Waste Brines Waste WBM Waste OBM Produced & Oily Water

• High Oil Content

• Emulsified

• Solid Laden (LGS)

• Internal phase

• Organic additives

• Biodegradability

Issues

•Hydrocarbons Mobility

• Oil Content >10%

• Solids Degradation

over time

• Solids nature (Salt,

Rock)

•Organic additives

• Biodegradability

Issues

•Hydrocarbons mobility

•Solid Laden (LGS)

• High water content

• Internal phase


• Volumes

• Solids Degradation

over time

• Solids Nature (Salt ,

Rock)

• High water content

• Internal phase


• Volumes

• Solids contamination

• Oil Content

• Internal phase

• Polymer contamination

• Scaling Issue

• Gas contamination

• Solid contamination

• Oil Content

• Internal phase

• Scaling issue

• Inconsistent

• Volumes

• Gas contamination



Waste Management Hierarchy

1. Reduction at source Example-riser-less and slim-hole drilling

2. Recycling- Example-cuttings dryers recover fluids

3.Treatment- Example-Thermal Desorption

4. Disposal- Example-cuttings re-injection


Role of Solids Control & Waste Management

Increased penetration

rates (ROPs)

Reduced mud costs

Less dilution

Lower probability and

severity of differential

sticking

Lower ECD

Reduced torque and

drag

Lower pump maintenance

costs

Better cementing jobs

Less pressure loss in system

Better control over fluid

properties

Reduced formation damage

Reduced disposal costs

Importance of Solids Control



A 20 micron drilled

solid surface area =

2400 sq. microns

The same solid cut

in half on each face

4800 sq. microns

Another 1/4 cut on

each face.

The original 20 micron

solid reduced and

sized 2 micron

particles. Surface area

24,000 sq. microns.

DRILLED SOLIDS DEGRADATION

An idealistic

representation of

the gradual

reduction in size

of a re-cycled

drilled solid by

mechanical

forces.

If we can remove

this . . . . . . .>

We can avoid this . . . .


“Confidential –Internal Halliburton Use Only. © 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.”

Basic Economics - 80% SRE (Solids Removal Efficiency)

1000’ of 12¼” hole - 145 bbls drill solids

If the solids removal efficiency is 80% - 29 bbls of

solids remain in the system. (0.2 x 145 = 29)

To maintain 5% drilled solids requires 580 bbls of

dilution. (29 / 0.5 = 580)

Less 145 bbls mud to fill the hole you just created =

435 bbls additional new volume (dilution) required.



Basic Economics - 90% SRE (Solids Removal Efficiency)

1000’ of 12¼” hole = 145 bbls drill solids

145 bbls x (1-.90) = 14.5 bbls solids remaining

14.5/.05 = 290 bbls new mud

290 less 145 bbls to maintain volume = 145 bbls

additional dilution volume

145/435 = 1/3 the additional dilution volume required to

maintain LGS 5% with a 10% improvement in separation

efficiency.

In other words: A small improvement in solids removal efficiency

(SRE) has a large impact upon dilution rates & mud costs.

Separation by Size –

Shale Shakers, Screens, Gumbo Removal



Gumbo Removal - Scalping

A Sticky Situation . . .



Flo-Line

Primer

Gumbo Chain

Gumbo bars,

boxes,

Divert

overboard

Flo – Line Primer


1

7


Shale Shaker





Screen Frame

Screens

Screen Tensioners Shock Mounts

Vibrator Motors

Header Box/ Back Tank or Possum Belly

Catch Pan

Inclination Control


Flo-Divider


2

2



Screen Selection

Screen Selection is a

compromise between:

Solids Removal

Circulating Rate

Dryness of Discharge


Types of Screens

Pyramid Screen Conventional (Flat) Screen

Solids Form Continuous Bed

Impeding Fluid Throughput Vibration Forces Solids

Into Troughs



3 Dimensional Screens

Increases Screening

Capacity

Screen Finer Faster

Provides Drier Cuttings

Reduced Mud & Disposal

Costs

Pyramid Screen™

Pyramid Plus™ Screen





Screens are a ‘filter’

Back Plate

Coarse Backing Mesh

Fine Intermediate Mesh

Fine Top Mesh

Modern screens are considered

to be “sandwich” screens. They

have many layers as per this

example.


Operating Guidelines

Do:

• Run finest mesh possible while covering 75% of screen area.

• Run screen frame as level as possible to reduce screen wear

• Ensure screens are properly mounted on a clean screen frame.

Do Not:

• Mix screen mesh on the same shaker

• Bypass the shaker to change screens

• Use spray bars to wash solids through the screen





Degassers

Nobody wants gas . . .



Do not provide a vacuum

Limited surface area for

mud dispersion

Ineffective on high

density/viscosity fluids

Provide very thin film

Low power requirements

Low Cost

Atmospheric


Effective on all muds

Large surface area for

dispersion

Vacuum provided by

external pump (eductor).

Requires more space than

atmospheric.

Requires more power than

atmospheric

Vacuum


Principles of Degassing

Bring gas bubble to

the surface

Increase the size of

the bubble via

vacuum

Spread mud as a

thin film (expose

bubble to air)

Vent gas to safe

area



Centrifugal pumps

stop working

Reduces mud weight

Reduces hydrostatic

head in well bore

Solids control

equipment operates

less efficiently

Hazardous in high

concentrations

Problems…


Doing more with less. . .

Hydrocyclones

Desander

Desilter




Con

1. Cone Body

2. Beach Point

3. Apex valve

4. Vortex Finder

5. Apex Nut (adjustment)

3

4

5

Hydro-cyclones & Mud Cleaners





Mud Cleaners

3 x 10” Cones 16 x 4” Cones

1 - 3-panel screen frame


Centrifuges



Centrifuges

BSS has at least a

dozen different

types and sizes of

centrifuges in our

fleet




Operating Principles of

a Decanting Centrifuge


Centrifuge Video



Feed inlet

Main Drive

Motor

Back Drive

Motor

Bowl

Conveyor

Gearbox

Torque

Limiter

Components

Pumps, Valves and Piping



Proper Installation & Piping

Degasser Vessel

20' max

Main Shakers

Desander

Desilter





Centrifugal Pump Progressive Cavity Pump

(PCP)

Diaphragm Pump


Screen Video



Pumps

Application Centrifugal PCP or Lobed Diaphragm

D-gasser

D-sander

D-silter

Mud Cleaner

Low Speed Centrifuge

High Speed Centrifuge

Barite Recovery

Mixing/Transfer/Charge

Slurry transfer/Skimming


Active System

Reserve Pits

Suction Pit

Return Pit

Rig Pumps

Cuttings Dryers & Screw Conveyors



Cuttings Drying – Two Trains of Thought

Drying Shaker

Vibrating Screen

7.3 G’s

8% - 12% Typical Oil on Cuttings

Vertical Cuttings dryer

Spinning screen basket with scroll

300 G’s

1.0 – 4.5% typical Oil on Cuttings


Cuttings Dryer Installation - Horizontal

Dry Cuttings Overboard

SCREW CONVEYOR

Progressive Cavity Cuttings Pump

Clean mud to Active Centrifuge Feed Pump

FHD Centrifuge




Before & After – 12.25” hole - GOM

12.9% Oil on Cuttings 3.3% Oil on Cuttings




Oklahoma - Land



Old School – What not to do…..



Clean Location



Augers – Screw Conveyors



Auger System

NEVER operate augers without a

protective guard / cover or

Emergency Stop controls in place.


66 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 66

Do not Walk on

Equipment

Do not Sit on

Equipment

LOTO equipment

prior to performing

all Maintenance

and or removing

cover or grating.

Preform

inspections to

insure all controls

are labeled and

working properly



What Not to do…. “Stop Work”



Examples of Proper Install

Inside these covers

is the grating open

over the auger??



DEWATERING What is it?


Dewatering Applications –

When does it make sense?

1. Solids control process for colloidal - ultra-fines

removal = Lower drilling fluid costs

2. Recover and recycle liquid phase of a suspension

3. Pit-less location, no pit construction allowed

4. Clear water drilling – Lets you drill faster!

5. Zero discharge locations



What do we want to do?

Improve solid-liquid separation of a waste water-based

drilling mud through a centrifuge



ENVIRO-FLOC® Dewatering System


Halliburton Standard Floc Unit


Coagulation

Reduction in repulsive potential between the electrical double layer that exists between

turbidity particles. De-stabilization of suspension so the particles no longer repel each

other.

Dewatering Process

Flocculation

Physical linkage between particles brought about by a high molecular weight

polymer to create a random three-dimensional structure called a ‘floc.’



Conditioning

Remove as many solids

as possible – mechanically

through screening,

centrifugation, etc.

Take mud from the

reserve pit or after the last

solids control device


Coagulation

Dilute with water

– Reduce solids

concentration

– Destabilize

suspension

Acidification

– Neutralize system pH

– Pin Flocs formation

– Coagulant addition

– Pin-flocs definition


Flocculation

Coagulated particles

are aggregated with a

polymer chain to form

a heavier and larger

solid.

These “Flocs” are

now large enough to

be easily centrifuged

out of the water


Destination of Clarified Water

Centrifuge returns clarified water to a holding tank for:

Make-up of new mud.

Dilution of active system

Transferred to the wastewater storage and treatment system

– Recycled for washing purposes – rig washing, etc.

– Treated and disposed of in an acceptable manner.


Dewatering Water-Based Drilling Fluids

Return to

environment

Recycle

Disposal

M. Hurd



Mud Cleaner

Drying Shaker

Barite Recovery

Centrifuge

Dewatering Centrifuge

Dewatering Unit

Effluent

tank

Dodge

WYOMING


Separation Methods

Accelerated Sedimentation

Centrifugal Force

Filtration

Coarse Filtration

Gravity Settling

Hydrocyclones over a vibrating screen

Chemically Enhanced Centrifugation



Solids Removal By Mechanical Means

Equipment Name Typical Number

Gumbo Buster / Scalper 1 - optional

Shale Shaker 2-8

Sand Trap 1

Desander 2 x 10” cones

Desilter 16 x 4” cones

Mud Cleaner Usually 1

Centrifuge Usually 1 –

Sometimes 2

Floc Unit (Dewatering) Region Dependent

Separation Method

Coarse Filtration

Filtration

Gravity Settling

Accelerated Sedimentation by

centrifugal force

Hydrocyclones over

a vibrating screen

Accelerated

Sedimentation by

centrifugal force

Chemically Enhanced

Centrifugation

Accelerated Sedimentation by

centrifugal force



Questions?

Documents

BSS Mud School