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8/14/2019 Bt Brinjal and Alternatives 2.0
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Do we need Bt Brinjal ?
Dr. Ramanjaneyulu
Centre for SustainableAgriculture
09000699702
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Bt Brinjal
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Brinjal Fruit and shoot borer
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Mahycos Bt Brinjals-the realstory
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GM Crops: Dreams sold
Increased yields
Reduced chemical use
Food security Environmentally safe
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Genetically modifiedtrait
Area planted (m.ha) %
Herbicide tolerence 72.2 63
Insect tolerence (Bt crops)20.3 18
HT + Bt (stacked traits) 21.8 19
> 70 % still to
promote
chemicals
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GM crop Area planted(m.ha)
% of crop area % in GM crops
Soybean 65.8 70 52.85
Cotton 15.5 46 12.45
Maize 37.3 13 29.96
Canola 5.9 5 04.74Total 124.5 100 100
Only four
crops
mostly for
industrial
use. Where
is foodsecurity?
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Learning from Bt cotton inIndia
Officially introduced in 2003 7.6 mha, ranks second in the world in production
and first in area Monoculturing genes
Monopolising markets AP govt MRTP case to reduce seed royalty Cotton removed from Essential commodities act
nullifying Seed control order-industry pulled govts ofAP and MP to court
Non Bt cotton seed withdrawn from market both bypublic and private sector
GM contamination threatens organic cotton Like pesticides cost of externalities never
accounted for
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Nightmares
More resource use Newer pests and
diseases
Animal morbidity
Skin allergies Reduced soil fertility
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Are we using right lenses?
Bt cotton and now Bt brinjal not tested againstbest practices (IPM/NPM/Organic etc)
No analysis on yield saving vs contributionof varietal/hybrid
More seed: Cotton seed companies changedrecommendation from one 450 g packet to 2450 g packets per acre
More fertiliser: ANGRAU recommends 15 %more chemical fertiliser and Dr. CD Mayee,
earlier GEAC vice-chair says 6 % increase inarea under GE crops will double fertiliser need More water: Rainfed conditions are not
suitable for GE cotton (planning commission)
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say? Not tested against the best practices like NPM and IPM using resistant varieites
and local checks were not used
lack scientificity in terms of maintaining plant population, date of planting (first
year the trials were sown in October, 2009) while the peak infestation was in julyto september
Data on sucking pests is under reported
seedlings are supplied by the company, genuinity of the seedlings not tested, noblindness in the testing, problem with the identity
Impacts on soils:
Root exudates and enzymatic activity not studied.
report suggest that there is no Bt toxin identified in the soil where as many earlier studiesincluding on Bt cotton in India by IARI and in a study by Australian university Bt toxins were foundin the soils for significant time (more than 45 days)
In the case of Bt Brinjal if the reports are saying no Bt toxin was detected, the methodologiesneed to be rechecked. the data presented shows variations between microbial profiles betweensoils growing Bt brinjal and non-brinjal but no statistical analysis was done to say whether it issignificant.
similarly, at 30 DAT sampling point the collembolla population was a little more, & at 60 DAT
sampling point it was quit low as compared to the other time points, and argues that it is an anisolated instance.
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Brinjal Fruit and shoot borer
Adult lays about 250 eggs singly on leafunderside, stems, flower buds and base oftender fruits
New born larvae bores into tender shoots orfruits
Make their way out and pupate in the debris
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MANAGING WITHOUTPESTICIDES
Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer
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Non PesticidalManagement
Ecological approach to pest management using knowledge and skill based practicesto prevent insects from reaching damaging stages and damaging
proportions
by making best use of local resources, natural processes and
community action
Uses a set of practices which include
Monitoring methods-trap crops, pheromone traps etc, light traps,
Preventive measures-border rows, sticky plates, resistantvarieties, mixed crops etc
Control measures-hommade biopesticides, mass trapping
Evolved based on experiences from working with small andmarginal farmers in AP
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NPM for Brinjal FSB
Continuous cropping of brinjal on the samepiece of land should be avoided.
Deep summer ploughing before the season oronce the crop is harvested to expose the resting
pupae in soil. Bon-fires with the onset of first showers
Potato, voluntary brinjal plants (those brinjalplants which are germinated on their own) and
other wild brinjal plants act as alternate hostshave to be removed.
Intercropping with coriander reduces incidenceby more than 50 %
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Mass trapping
Mass trapping of adults using pheromone trapsreduce the chances of female moths finding a mate
Research by AVRDC suggests that female L. orbonalisonly mate once and from otherresearch we know thateven delayed mating can significantly reduce thenumber of viable eggs female moths can produce(fecundity)
A range of designs of traps has been found to besuitable for Leucinodes orbonalis.
Water traps prepared from plastic bottles arerecommended (40 pheromone traps(5m apart) peracre kept 1 ft above the crop height and the lureshave to be changed at 20 days interval
If it is taken on community basis, the number of
pheromones by each farmer could be reduced.
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Brinjal FSB management As soon as the insect is detected, the affected parts should be clipped
along with the insect and destroyed
Fruits showing any boring symptoms should be picked and destroyed.
Spraying neem oil @25ml per litre of water during vegetative stage willprevent the moth laying eggs on the crop. This may be taken when thepheromone catch is observed.
To prevent neonate larvae boring into the fruit or shoot, Neem seed kernelextract (NSKE) 5% or agniastra may be sprayed.
Chilli-garlic extract may be used to control shoot and fruit borer; but this
has to be used only twice during crop period. 5 days after using chilli-garlicextract, cowdung-urine solution has to be used
These sprays are necessarily be done in the evening times.
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Yenabavi -Organic Villa
Entire village (55 farmers 228 acres) organic for
last five years Most of the inputs internalised into farming Land Productivity increased, crop yields
maintained In SRI paddy 44 bags were also recorded Recently awarded Krishi Gaurav Award by Baba
Ramdevs Patanjali Trust for their role inpromoting organic farming
More than 30 thousand farmers visited thevillage in last three years
Community Managed Sustainable
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aiming to reach 100 lakh acres across crops in all districts of AP in by 2014
Community Managed SustainableAgriculture
pilot
CSA handholding support
NGOs technical support at field level
SHG groups ind. handling
RKVY fundsRs. 167 Cr.
for 5 yr
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Area under different crops(2007-08)
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NPM vs conventional pestmanagement
Strategy Genotype No. of chemicalsprays
Cost ofcultivation(Rs/acre)
Yield(kg/acre)
Grossreturns(Rs/acre)
Net returns(Rs/acre)
NPM Non Bt 0 6524 889 18036 11512
NPM Bt 0 6222 888 17469 11247
Control Non Bt 5.0 6555 835 16500 9945
Control Bt 3.8 7235 897 17786 10551
omparative economics in cotton
urce: Study by CRIDA in WWF project on Sustainable Cotton production, Warangal, 2007
Di i i h d i i
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Distinguished visitors
Dr. V L Chopra,
Member Planning Commission
Jairam Ramesh, Honble Minister for Commerce
T. Nandakumar
Secretary AgricultureGOI
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NPM Scaling up in AndhraPradesh
CSA worked with SERP in promoting Nonpesticidal Management designed the systemand provided handholding support for 4 years
2004-05 started with 225 acres in one distand reached 7 lakh acres in 2007-08 in 18dist. today the prog covers 20 lakh acres in 18dist
National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture isconsidering this model
World Bank says this is a good tool for povertyeradication
2004
2009
2006
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hank you
www.takingroots.inwww.takingroots.in
[email protected]@csa-india.org
www.csa-india.orgwww.csa-india.org