BT1 - Siteworks

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Part 1Material of Construction


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1.1 Acronyms:

AASHTO

American Association of State Highway andTransportation Officials

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ASTM American Society of Testing Materials

DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways

USCS Unified Soil Classification System

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1.2 Standard Tests

AASHTO

Classifies inorganic soils for suitability as subgrade materials in terms of good drainage and bearingcapacity

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Defines particle sizes as:

a. Boulders

above 75mmb. Gravel 75mm to No. 10 Sieve

c. Coarse Sand No. 10 to No. 40 Sieve

d. Fine Sand No. 40 to No. 200 Sieve

e. Silt Clay Particles passing no. 200 Sieve


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1.2 Standard Tests

ATTERBERG LIMITS tests performed on soils passing the no. 40sieve (Fine Sand)

a. Liquid Limit (LL) moisture content at which a soil changesfrom liquid state to the plastic state.

b. Plastic Limit (PL)

the water content at which a silt claymaterial will just begin to crumble when rolled into a tread.

c. Plasticity Index (PI) defined as the liquid limit minus theplastic limit .

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1.3 Fill Materials

a. Fill Materials

- Soil, crushed stone, and sand used to raise andexisting grade, or as a man-made deposit, generallyused under spread footings, pavers, or concrete slabs

on grade.

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1.3 Fill Materials

b. Granular Fill or Filters

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1.3 Fill Materials

c. Borrow Fill

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Soil materials

suitable as fill

or subgrade.


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1.3 Fill Materials

d. Base Course Materials

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Eskumbro - Earthfill

Tagalog time:


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1.4 Riprap (Rock Lining)

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A.1. Earthworks

A constructedlayer or facing astone, placed toprevent erosion,scourging orsloughing of astructure orembankment.


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1.5 Gabion Systems

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Wire-enclosedriprap consistingof mats or basketsfabricated from

the wire mesh,filled with smallriprap andanchored to aslope.


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1.6 Geosynthetic

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Construction materials consisting of synthetic componentsmade for use with or within earth materials.

Earth materials plus synthetics Geotextiles

Geomembranes

Geocomposites


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Geo-membrane

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Are for silt fenceapplications. They

serve the purpose offiltering runoff, the

mechanism by which

they function isdifferent than

subsurface drainageor erosion control

application.


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Geo-composites

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Usually sheet oredge drains

consisting of aprefabricated core

to which ageotextile is

bonded.


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Two types:

1. Physical barriers2. Chemical Barrier

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A.2. Termite Proofing


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3.1 Subgrade and Base Course Materials

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A.3. Roads and Parking


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3.2 Surface Paving Materials

a. Hot Mix Asphalt or AsphalticConcrete

- a dark brown to blackcementite's material, solid orsemi-solid, composed of bitumenwhich occur in nature but are

obtained artificially in petroleumand which when mixed withgraded aggregates is used aspaving material by placing,shaping and compacting whilehot over a prepared base.

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b. Cold Mix Asphalt orAsphaltic Concrete

- prepared with

relatively light and slow

curing asphalt, placed over asurface without heat, hardens

to a state that is less firm and

durable than hot mix.

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c. Asphalt Macadam- formed by grading

and compacting layers of

crushed stone or gravel, then

binding the top layer withasphalt to stabilize the stone

provided a smoother surface

and seal against water

penetration.

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d. Asphalt Overlay- when one or more

courses or layers of asphalt

levelling course made of an

asphalt and aggregatemixture of variable thickness

to correct the contour of

existing surface, are placed

on existing pavement.

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BT1 - Siteworks