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SUBJECT CODETHEORY PRACTICAL
CREDIT TOTALTH- THEORY MS-MID SEM
TW- THEORY TERMWORKPR- PRACTICALLW- LAB WORKPQ- PRACTICALQUIZ G - GRADEGP- GRADE POINT
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SUBJECTControl System Design
SUBJECT CODEBT-701IC-702IC-703IC-704IC-705IC-706IC-707IC-708
TH PR MAXBT-701IC-702IC-703IC-704IC-705IC-706IC-707IC-708
Programmable Automation ControllerIndustrial Data CommunicationDigital Signals & SystemsInstrumentation for Bio Medical Application Seminar/ Minor ProjectIndustrial TrainingSEMINAR / GROUP DISCUSSION (INTERNAL ASSESSMENT)
B.TECH INSTRUMENTATION SEM- VII
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Sr. No
Course Content Total Hrs.
1. Design of Feedback Control Systems :
Introduction; Approaches to System Design; Cascade Compensation
Networks; Phase-Lead Design Using the Bode Diagram; Phase-Lead
Design Using the Root Locus; System Design Using Integration Networks;
Phase-Lag Design Using the Root Locus; Phase-Lag Design Using the
Bode Diagram; Design on the Bode Diagram Using Analytical Methods;
Systems with a Prefilter; Design for Deadbeat Response; Design
Examples;
Laboratory: System Design Using Control Design Software such as
MATLAB/SIMULINK or SciLAB/SciCOS;
12
2. Design of State Variable Feedback Systems
Introduction; Controllability and Observability ; Full-State Feedback Control
Design; Observer Design; Integrated Full-State Feedback and Observer;
Reference Inputs; Optimal Control Systems; Internal Model Design; Design
Examples;
Laboratory: State Variable Design Using Control Design Software
12
3. Robust Control Systems
Introduction; Robust Control Systems and System Sensitivity ; Analysis of
Robustness; Systems with Uncertain Parameters; The Design of Robust
Control Systems; The Design of Robust PID-Controlled Systems; The
Robust Internal Model Control System; Design Examples; The Pseudo-
Quantitative Feedback System;
Laboratory: Robust Control Systems Using Control Design Software
14
Subject Name: Control System Design
4. Digital Control Systems
Introduction; Digital Computer Control System Applications; Sampled-Data
Systems; The z-Transform; Closed-Loop Feedback Sampled-Data
Systems; Performance of a Sampled-Data, Second-Order System; Closed-
Loop Systems with Digital Computer Compensation; The Root Locus of
Digital Control Systems; Implementation of Digital Controllers; Design
Examples;
Laboratory: Digital Control Systems Using Control Design Software
14
Reference Books:
1. Modern Control Systems by Richard C. Dorf and Robert H. Bishop , Prentice Hall
2. Discrete Time Control Systems by Katsuhiko Ogata , Pearson
3. Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems by Gene F. Franklin , J. David Powell and
Abbas Emami - Naeini, Pearson
Subject Name: Programmable Automation Controller
Sr. No
Course Content Total Hrs.
1. PLC Basics:
An Overall Look at Programmable Logic Controllers.
Introduction; definition & history of the PLC; manufacturing & assembly
process; PLC advantage & disadvantage; overall PLC system; CPU &
programmer/monitors; PLC input & output modules; printing PLC
information.
The PLC: A Look Inside.
Introduction; the PLC as a computer; the central processing unit; solid
state memory; the processor; I/O modules; power supplies.
General PLC Programming Procedures.
Introduction; programming equipment; programming formats; proper
construction of PLC ladder diagrams; process scanning consideration;
PLC operational faults.
Devices to Which PLC Input and Output Modules Are Connected.
Introduction; input ON/OFF switching device; input analog device; output
ON/OFF device; output analog device.
6
2. Basics PLC Programming:
Programming On/Off Inputs to Produce On-Off Outputs.
Introduction; PLC input instruction; output: coils, inductors & others;
operational procedures; contact & coil input/output programming
examples; a look at fail-safe circuit; industrial process examples.
4
Relation of Digital Gate Logic to Contact/Coil Logic.
Digital logic gates; Boolean algebra PLC programming; conversion
examples.
Creating Ladder Diagrams from Process Control Descriptions.
Ladder diagram & sequence listing; large process ladder diagram
construction; flow charting as programming method.
3. Basic PLC Functions:
Register.
Introduction; general characteristics of registers; module addressing;
holding registers, input registers: single & group; output registers: single &
group.
PLC Timer Functions.
Introduction; PLC timer functions; examples of timer function indutrial
application; industrial process timing application.
PLC Counter Functions.
Introduction; PLC counters; examples of counter function industrial
application.
6
4. Intermediate Functions:
PLC Arithmetic Functions.
Introduction; PLC addition & subtraction; the PLC repetitive clock; PLC
multiplication, division & square-root: PLC trigonometric & log function;
other PLC arithmetic functions.
PLC Number Comparison Functions.
Introduction; PLC basic comparison function; PLC basic comparison
function application; PLC advanced comparison function.
Numbering Systems and PLC Number Conversion Functions.
Introduction; numbering system: decimal, binary & BCD; PLC conversion
between decimal & BCD; OCTAL & HEX DECIMAL numbering system;
other numbering & code system.
8
5. Data Handling Functions:
The PLC SKIP and MASTER CONTROL RELAY Functions.
Introduction; the SKIP function & application; the MASTER CNTROL
RELAY function & application.
6
Jump Functions.
Introduction; jump with non-return; jump with return.
PLC Data Move Systems.
Introduction; PLC MOVE function & application; moving large blocks of
PLC data; PLC table & registers moves; other PLC MOVE functions.
Other PLC Data Handling Functions.
Introduction; PLC FIFO functions; the FAL function; the one shot (ONS),
clear (CLR) & SWEEP functions.
6. PLC Functions Working with Bits:
PLC Digital Bit Functions and Applications.
Introduction; bit pattern in a register; changing a register bit status; shift
register function; shift register application.
PLC Sequencer Functions.
Introduction; electromechanical sequencing; the basic PLC sequencer
function; a basic PLC sequencer application with timing; other PLC
sequencer function; cascading sequencer.
Controlling a Robot with a PLC.
Introduction; basic two axis ROBOT with PLC sequencer control; industrial
three axis ROBOT with PLC control.
PLC Matrix Functions.
Introduction; applying matrix functions to reduce program length; the PLC
AND & OR matrix function; the PLC COMPLEMENT & COMPARE matrix
function; combination PLC matrix operation.
8
7. Advanced PLC Functions:
Analog PLC Operation.
Introduction; types of PLC; analog modules & systems; PLC analog signal
processing; BCD or multi-bit data processing; PLC analog output
application examples.
PID Control of Continuous Processes.
Introduction; PID principles; typical continuous process control curves; PID
modules; PID tuning; typical PID functions.
Networking PLCs.
Introduction; levels of industrial control; types of networking; network
8
communication; PLCs & the internet; cell control by PLC networks.
8. Alternative Programming Languages
Introduction; ladder logic & beyond; when ladder logic is not enough; state
languages: high level programming for the PLC.
2
9. PLC Auxiliary Commands and Functions
Introduction; MONITOR mode function; FORCE mode function; MONITOR
& FORCE functions for the five PLC programming formats; 5 PRINT
functions.
2
10. Installation, Troubleshooting, and Maintenance.
Introduction; consideration of the operating environment receiving, checks,
testing & assembly; electrical connecting , grounding & suppression; circuit
protection & wiring; troubleshooting PLC malfunction; PLC maintenance.
2
11. Selecting a PLC.
PLC versus the PC based control; factors to consider in selecting the PLC.
2
Reference Books:
1. Programmable Logic Controllers: Principles and Applications, by John W. Webb
and Ronald A. Reis, Pub: Prentice – Hall India
2. Programmable Logic Controllers: Programming methods and applications, by
John R. Hackworth and Frederick D. Hackworth Jr., Pub: Pearson
Subject Name: Industrial Data Communication
Sr. No
Course Content Total Hrs.
1. Introduction:
Modern instrumentation and control systems; Open systems
interconnection (OSI) model; Protocols; Standards
3
2. Industrial Data Communication Methodology:
Introduction; Common problems and solutions; General comments on
troubleshooting; a specific methodology; Grounding/shielding and noise;
Sources of electrical noise; Electrical coupling of noise; Shielding; Cable
ducting or raceways; Cable spacing, Earthing and grounding requirements;
Suppression techniques; Filtering
3
3. EIA-232 Interface Standard:
EIA-232 interface standard (CCITT V.24 interface standard): the major
elements of EIA-232, Half-duplex operation of the EIA-232 interface,
EIA/TIA-232 revisions, Limitations of EIA-232; troubleshooting:
Introduction, Typical approach, Test equipment, Typical EIA-232 problems
3
4. EIA-485 Interface Standard: The EIA-485 interface standard, Troubleshooting: Introduction, EIA-485 vs EIA-422, EIA-485 installation, Noise problems, Test equipment
3
5. Current loop and EIA-485 converters:
The 20 mA current loop, Serial interface converters, Troubleshooting,
Troubleshooting converters
3
6. Fiber optics overview:
Introduction; Applications for fiber optic cables; Fiber optic cable
components; Fiber optic cable parameters; Types of optical fiber; Basic
cable types: Aerial cable, Underground cable, Sub-aqueous cables, Indoor
cables; Connecting fibers: Connection losses, Splicing fibers, Connectors,
Connector handling, Optical couplers; Splicing trays/organizers and
termination cabinets: Splicing trays, Splicing enclosures, termination in
patch panels and distribution frames; troubleshooting: Standard
troubleshooting approach, Tools required, Fiber installation rules, Clean
optical connectors, locating broken fibers
3
7. Modbus and Modbus Plus Protocols:
I. Modbus Protocol: General overview; protocol structure; Function codes: Read coil
or digital output status (function code 01), Read digital input status
(function code 02), Read holding registers (function code 03), Reading
input registers (function code 04), Force single coil (function code 05),
Preset single register (function code 06), Read exception status
(function code 07), Loopback test (function code 08), Force multiple
coils or digital outputs (function code 0F), Force multiple registers
(function code 10); Troubleshooting: Common problems and faults,
Description of tools used, Detailed troubleshooting
II. Modbus Plus protocol: General overview; troubleshooting: Common problems and faults,
Description of tools used, detailed troubleshooting
4
8. HART Protocol
Introduction to HART and smart instrumentation; HART protocol:
Physical layer, Data link layer, Application layer; Troubleshooting
3
9. AS-interface (AS-i)
Introduction; Layer 1 – the physical layer; Layer 2 – the data link
layer; Operating characteristics; Troubleshooting: Introduction, Tools
of the trade
3
10. DeviceNet overview
Introduction; Physical layer: Topology, Connectors - Pluggable
(unsealed) connector, Hardwired (unsealed) connection, Mini (sealed)
connector, Micro (sealed) connector; Cable budgets; Device taps: Sealed
taps,IDC taps, Open style taps, Multiport open taps, Power taps, Cable
description: Thick cable, Thin cable specification, Flat cable; Network
power: General approach, Single supply – end connected, Single supply –
center connected, Suggestions for avoiding errors and power supply
options; System grounding: Signaling; Data link layer: Frame format,
Medium access, Fragmentation; The application layer;
3
Troubleshooting: Introduction, Tools of the trade, Fault finding
procedures
11. ProfiBus PA/DP/FMS protocol
Introduction; ProfiBus protocol stack: Physical layer (layer 1), Data link
layer (layer 2), Application layer, Fieldbus message specification (FMS),
Lower layer interface (LLI), Fieldbus management layer (FMA 7); The
ProfiBus communication model; Relationship between application
process and communication; Communication objects; Performance;
System operation: Configuration, Data transfer between DPM1 and the
DP-slaves, Synchronization and freeze modes, Safety and protection of
stations, Mixed operation of FMS and DP stations; Troubleshooting:
Introduction, Troubleshooting tools
4
12. Foundation Fieldbus
Introduction to Foundation Fieldbus; The physical layer and wiring
rules; The data link layer; The application layer; The user layer; Error
detection and diagnostics; High-speed Ethernet (HSE); Good wiring
and installation practice with Fieldbus: Termination preparation,
Installation of the complete system; Troubleshooting: Introduction, Power
problems, Communication problems, Foundation Fieldbus test equipment
4
13. Industrial Ethernet overview
Introduction; 10 Mbps Ethernet: Media systems, Signaling methods,
Medium access control, Frame transmission, Frame reception, MAC frame
format, IEEE 802.2 LLC, Reducing collisions, Design rules; 100 Mbps
Ethernet: Introduction, Media access: full-duplex, Auto-negotiation;
Gigabit Ethernet: Introduction, Gigabit Ethernet full-duplex repeaters,
Gigabit Ethernet design considerations; Industrial Ethernet: Introduction,
Connectors and cabling, Deterministic versus stochastic operation, Size
and overhead of Ethernet frame, Noise and interference, Partitioning of the
network, Switching technology, Active electronics, Fast and gigabit
Ethernet, TCP/IP and industrial systems, Industrial Ethernet architectures
for high availability; Troubleshooting: Introduction, Common problems and
faults, Tools of the trade, Problems and solutions, Troubleshooting
switched networks, Troubleshooting fast Ethernet, Troubleshooting gigabit
Ethernet
4
14. TCP/IP overview
Introduction: The Internet layer, The host-to-host layer, The
process/application layer; Internet layer protocols (packet transport): IP
version 4 (IPv4), Address resolution protocol (ARP), ICMP, ICMP
datagrams, Routing; Host-to-host layer: End to end reliability – TCP,
UDP; Troubleshooting: Introduction, Common problems, Tools of the
trade, Typical network layer problems, Transport layer problems
4
15. Radio and wireless communications overview
Introduction; Components of a radio link; The radio spectrum and
frequency allocation; Summary of radio characteristics of VHF/UHF;
Radio modems: Modes of radio modems, Features of a radio modem,
Spread spectrum radio modems; Intermodulation and how to prevent it:
Introduction, Intermodulation; Implementing a radio link: Path profile, RF
path loss calculations, Transmitter power/receiver sensitivity, Signal to
noise ratio and SINAD, Fade margin, Summarization of calculations,
Miscellaneous considerations; Troubleshooting
4
Reference Books:
1. Practical Industrial Data Networks: Design, Installation and Troubleshooting by
Steve Mackay, Edwin Wright, Deon Reynders, and John Park; Elsevier Publication
2. Instrument Engineers’ Handbook: Process Software and Digital Networks by Bela G.
Liptak; CRC Press
Subject Name: Digital Signals and Systems
Sr. No
Course Content Total Hrs.
1. INTRODUCTION
Signals, System and signal processing, Classification of signals, Concept
of frequency in continuous time and discrete time for sinusoidal signals,
Analog to Digital and digital to analog conversion : Sampling theorem,
Quantization, Coding of Quantized Samples, Analysis of digital signals and
systems versus discrete – time signals and systems.
4
2. DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
Discrete – Time Signal: elementary discrete time signals, classification of
discrete time signals, and simple manipulation of discrete time signal;
Discrete – Time Systems: input – output description of systems, block
diagram representation of discrete – time system, classification of discrete
– time system, interconnection of discrete time system; Analysis of
Discrete Time Linear Time - Invariant Systems: Techniques for the
analysis of LTI systems, resolution of discrete – time signal into impulses,
response of LTI systems to arbitrary inputs (the convolution sum),
properties of convolution and the interconnection of LTI systems, Causal
LTI systems, stability of LTI systems, system with finite duration and
infinite duration impulse response; Discrete time systems described by
difference equation: Recursive and non recursive discrete time systems,
LTI Systems characterized by constant co-efficient difference equation,
Solution of linear constant co-efficient differential equation, impulse
response of LTI recursive system. Implementation of discrete time
systems: Structures for realization of LTI systems, recursive and non-
recursive realization of FIR system; Correlation of Discrete Time
Signals: cross-correlation and auto-correlation sequences, properties of
the autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequences.
7
3. Z -TRANSFORM AND ITS APPLICATION TO ANALYSIS OF LTI
SYSTEMS
Direct z-transform and its properties; poles and zeros; pole location and
time domain relation for causal signals; system function of LTI system;
Inverse z-transform: by power series expansion and partial fraction
expansion;
Analysis of Linear Time-Invariant System in the Z-domain:
Response of system with rational transfer function, transient and steady
state response, causality and stability; pole zero cancellations, multiple
order poles and stability, stability of second order system; The One –
Sided z – Transform: Definition and properties, solution of difference
equations, response of pole – zero systems with nonzero initial conditions.
7
4. FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF SIGNALS:
Frequency Analysis of Continuous – Time Signals: The Fourier Series
of continuous – time periodic signals, power density spectrum of periodic
signals, The Fourier transform for continuous – time aperiodic signals;
Frequency Analysis of Discrete – Time Signals: The Fourier series for
discrete – time periodic signals, power density spectrum of periodic
signals, the Fourier transform of discrete – time aperiodic signals,
convergence of the Fourier transform, energy density spectrum of
aperiodic signals, relationship of the Fourier transform to the z – transform,
the cepstrum, the Fourier transform of signals with poles on the unit circle,
frequency domain classification of signals (the concept of bandwidth), the
frequency ranges of some natural signals; Frequency – Domain and Time
– Domain Signal Properties; Properties of the Fourier Transform for
Discrete – Time Signals: symmetry properties of the Fourier transform,
Fourier transform theorems and properties
7
5. FREQUENCY – DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF LTI SYSTEMS
Frequency – Domain Characteristics of LTI systems:
Response to complex exponential and sinusoidal signals, steady state and
transient response to sinusoidal input signals, steady state response to
periodic input signals, response to aperiodic input signals; Frequency
Response of LTI Systems: frequency response of a system with a
rational system function, computation of the frequency response functions;
Correlation Functions and Spectra at the Output of LTI Systems: input –
output correlation functions and spectra, correlation functions and power
spectra for random input signals; LTI as Frequency Selective Filter: Ideal
filter characteristics, low-pass filter, high-pass filter, band-pass filter, digital
resonators, notch filter, comb filter, all-pass filters, digital sinusoidal
oscillators; Inverse Systems and Deconvolution: invertibility of LTI
systems, minimum-phase systems, maximum – phase systems, mixed-
phase systems, system identification and decobvolution, homomorphic
7
deconvolution
6. SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTION OF SIGNALS
Ideal Sampling and Reconstruciton of Continuous – Time Signals;
Discrete – Time Processing of Continuous – Time Signals; Analog –
to – Digital and Digital – to – Analog Converters: quantization and
coding, analysis of quantization errors; Sampling and Reconstruction of
Continuous – Time Band-pass Signals: first order sampling, interleaved
or non-uniform second order sampling, band-pass signal representation,
sampling using band-pass signal representation; Sampling of Discrete –
Time Signals: sampling and interpolation of discrete – time signals,
representation and sampling of band-pass discrete – time signals;
Oversampling A/D and D/A Converters
7
7. DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM :
ITS PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION
Frequency –Domain Sampling (The Discrete Fourier Transform):
frequency domain sampling and reconstruction of discrete – time signals,
discrete Fourier transform (DFT), the DFT as a linear transformation,
relationship of the DFT with other transformation; Properties of the DFT:
periodicity, linearity, symmetry, multiplication of two DFTs and circular
convolution, additional DFT properties; Linear Filtering Methods Based on
the DFT: use of DFT in linear filtering, filtering of long data sequence;
Frequency Analysis of Signals Using the DFT; The Discrete Cosine
Transform: forward DCT, Inverse DCT, DCT as an orthogonal transform.
7
8. IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS
Structures for realization of discrete time systems; Structures for FIR
systems: direct-form structure, cascade-form structures, frequency
sampling structure, lattice structure; Structures for IIR systems: direct form,
signal flow graph and transposed structure, cascade – form structure,
parallel – form structures, lattice and lattice ladder structure for IIR
systems;
8
Reference Books:
1. Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications by John G.
Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis; Pearson Publication
2. Discrete – Time Signal Processing by Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer,
and John R. Buck; Pearson Publication
3. Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Based Approach by Sanjit K. Mitra;
McGraw Hill Publication
4. Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach by Emmanuel Ifeachor and
Barrie W. Jervis; Pearson Publication
Sr. No
Course Content Total Hrs.
1. The Human Body: An Overview
Introduction, The cell, Body fluids, Musculoskeletal system, Respiratory
system, Gastrointestinal system, Nervous system, Endocrine system, The
circulatory system, The body as a control system
3
2. The Heart and Circulatory System
The circulatory system, the heart, bioelectricity, electro-conduction system
of the heart, heart problems
3
3. Introduction to biomedical instrumentation and measurement
Introduction, significant figures, scientific notation, units and physical
constants, average, decibel notation, basic measurement theory
3
4. Basic Theories of Measurement
Introduction, Categories of measurement, factors in making measurement,
measurement errors, categories of error, dealing with measurement errors,
error contribution analysis, operational definitions in measurement
3
5. Signals and Noise
Types of signal, Fourier series, Waveform symmetry, Transient signals,
Sampled signals, Noise, Signal – to – Noise ratio, Noise factor, Noise
figure, Noise temperature, Noise in cascade amplifier, Noise reduction
strategies
3
6. Electrodes, Sensors, and Transducers
Signal acquisition, Transduction, Active versus Passive sensors, Sensor
3
Subject Name: Instrumentation for Bio-medical Applications
error sources, Sensor terminology, Tactics and signal processing for
improved sensing, Electrodes for biophysical sensing, Medical surface
electrodes, Microelectrodes, strain gauges, inductive transducers, Quartz
pressure sensors, Capacitive transducers, Temperature transducers,
Matching sensors to circuit
7. Bioelectric Amplifier
Bioelectric amplifiers, Operational amplifiers, Basic amplifier
configurations, Multiple input circuits, Differential amplifier, Signal
processing circuits, practical consideration for operational amplifiers,
practical consideration for bioelectric amplifiers, isolation amplifiers,
chopper stabilized amplifiers, Input guarding
3
8. Electrocardiographs
The heart as a potential source, The ECG waveform, The standard lead
system, Other ECG signals, The ECG preamplifier, ECG readout devices,
ECG machine, ECG machine maintenance, ECG faults and
troubleshooting
3
9. Physiological Pressure and Other Cardiovascular Measurement and
Devices
Physiological pressures, defining pressure, pressure measurement, blood
pressure measurement, Oscillometric and Ultrasonic Noninvasive pressure
measurement, Direct method: H2O measurement, Pressure transducers,
Pressure amplifiers, Calibration methods, Pressure amplifier design, AC
carrier amplifiers, Systolic – diastolic and mean detector circuit, Pressure
differentiation circuits, Automatic zero circuits, Practical problems in
pressure monitoring, Step – function frequency response test, transducer
care, cardiac output measurement, Dilution methods, Right-side heart
pressure, Plethysmography, Blood flow measurement, Phonocardiograpy,
Vectorcardiography, Catheterization laboratories, Defibrilators, Defibrilator
circuits, Cardioversion, Testing defibrillators, Pacemakers, Hear-Lung
machine
4
10. The Human Respiratory System and Its Measurement
The human respiratory system, Gas laws, Internal (Cellular) respiration,
External (Lung) respiration, Organs of respiration, Mechanics of breathing,
Parameters of respiration, Regulation of respiration, Unbalanced and
diseased states, Environmental threats to the respiratory system, Major
measurements of the pulmonary function, Respiratory system
measurement, Respiratory transducers and instruments, Spirometer,
Pulmonary measurement systems and instruments
4
11. Respiratory Therapy Equipments
Disease stage requiring artificial respiratory therapy, overview and terms of
ventilation, Medical gasses and safety systems, Oxygen therapy,
3
Intermittent positive pressure breathing therapy, Artificial mechanical
ventilation, Accessory device used in respiratory therapy apparatus,
Sterilization and isolation procedures in respiratory therapy units, typical
fault and maintenance procedure for ventilation
12. The Human Nervous System
Organization of the nervous system, The neuron, Structure and function of
the central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system, Automatic nervous
system, Behavior and the nervous system
3
13. Instrumentation for Measuring Brain Function
Instrumentation for measuring anatomical and physiological parameters of
the brain, Cerebral angiography, Cranial X-ray, Brain scans, Ultrasonic
equipments, Electroencephalograph, EEG electrodes and the 10-20
system, EEG amplitude and frequency bands, EEG diagnostic uses and
sleep patterns, Multichannel EEG recording systems and typical external
control, The EEG system – simplified block diagram, Preamplifier and EEG
system specifications, Visual and auditory evoked potential recording, EEG
telemetry system, Typical EEG system artifacts – faults – troubleshooting
and maintenance
2
14. Intensive and Coronary Care Units
Special care units, ICU/CCU equipment, Bedside monitors, Bedside
monitor circuits, Central monitoring consoles, ECG/Physiological telemetry
3
15. Operating rooms
Surgery, Types of surgery, OR personnel, Sterilization, OR equipments
1
16. Medical Laboratory Instrumentation
Blood (purpose and components), Blood test (cells and chemistry),
Medical laboratory department, Overview of clinical instrumentation,
Colorimeter, Flame photometer, Spectrophotometer, Blood cell counter,
pH/Blood gas analyzer, Chromatograph, Autoanalyzer, Basic renal
physiology, Renal failure, Peritoneal dialysis, Hemodialysis, The
hemodialysis machine, High – flux and high efficiency dialysis, Electrical
safety precautions, Typical faults – troubleshooting and maintenance
3
17. Medical Ultrasonography
Introduction, Physics of sound and ultrasound waves, Ultrasound
transducers, Absorption and attenuation of ultrasound energy, Scan
modes and scanning systems, Biological effects of ultrasound, Doppler
effect, Transcutaneous Doppler flow detectors, Flow meters, Ultrasonic
blood pressure measurement, Echoencephalography
3
Reference Books:
1. Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology by Joseph J. Carr and John M.
Brown, Pearson Publication
2. Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation by R. S. Khandpur, Tata – McGraw
Hill Publication
3. Introduction to Medical Electronics Applications by D. Jennings, A Flint, BCH
Turton, LDM Nokes; Edward Arnold Group Publication
Objective:
Project in final year of Instrumentation and Control Engineering is aimed at bringing
“real world” engineering problems at academic institute and solve it. In process of
producing solution students should be able to –
a. Apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering
b. Design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data.
c. Design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs
d. Function on multi-disciplinary teams
e. Identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems
f. Understand professional and ethical responsibility
g. Communicate effectively
h. Understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global and societal context
i. Recognize the need for, and an develop ability to engage in life-long learning
j. Acquire knowledge of contemporary issues
k. Use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for
engineering practice.
Project Phases:
The final year project is divided in two parts as Project – I (semester 7) and Project – II
(semester 8).
Guideline to form a group:
a) Students in group have to identify real life engineering problem from industry,
research institutions, academic institutions, or society. It is necessary to work in a
group of minimum two students, individual student is not allowed (Reason: every
engineering activity is group activity). Each group can have maximum four
students if project complexity demands.
b) Students are encouraged to identify interdisciplinary project and such
interdisciplinary student group is allowed (Reason: Every engineering activity
are interdisciplinary in nature). However the group will be approved by the head
of the departments of concern discipline.
Subject Name: MINOR PROJECT - I
Guideline for Project Identification:
Students from Instrumentation and Control Engineering Discipline can work on the
following type of projects
a. Automation solution using for manufacturing units, process industries, research
laboratories, or machines
b. Design of measuring and/or control instruments to meet need of process
industries, scientific research institutions, research/clinical/calibration
laboratories, or society.
c. Design components of automation system e.g. actuator, sensor, controller,
communication module etc.
d. Design and develop embedded system for monitoring and control purpose.
e. Design wireless communication module/network using sensors and actuators.
f. Any application related to instrumentation and control engineering discipline
Note: Majority of the projects requires hardware and software to meet the need; however if
required only software based project is permitted.
Guidelines for planning and execution of Project
The project activities are divided in phases as given below:
I. Pre – study phase (Semester – VII): In this phase students are required to carry
out following activities –
a. Identify the real world problem.
b. Define scope of work
c. Define specifications, or measurable outcome of the project
d. Define goal of the project
II. Study phase (Semester – VII): In this phase students are required to carry out
following activities –
a. Identify alternate solution
b. Select optimal solution considering criteria such as cost, time,
environmental issues, applicable government regulations, applicable
standards, societal issues etc.
c. Identify require components and initiate process for procurement
III. Design phase (Semester – VII and VIII)
a. Design components/modules (hardware and software both).
b. Test it independently
IV. Engineering phase (Semester VIII)
a. Integrate the modules/components and deliver solution
b. Test, install and finally deliver
c.
Project Deliverables:
Students are required to submit the following documents.
a. Pre-study phase progress report and presentation containing as below
a. Problem statement
b. Gantt chart indicating the task to be performed and required time duration
b. Study phase progress report and presentation
c. Design phase progress report and modular components (hardware/software),
presentation and demonstration
d. Final report and solution (hardware, software) with demonstration
Project Evaluation:
Project progress will be evaluated on regular basis internally as well as there will be a
final semester examination.
a. Project part – 1, in semester – VII, carries 150 marks, out of which internal
evaluation carries 50 marks and university exam carries 100 marks.
b. Project part – 2, in semester – VIII, carries 400 marks, out of which internal
evaluation carries 100 marks and university exam carries 300 marks.
