BTLEW Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer Part One ENTER

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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer

Part OnePart One

ENTER

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Warm-upWarm-up

I. Money Can’t Buy Everything

II. Money Idioms

www.animationwerks.com

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Money Can't Buy Everythingby Dennis Justin Fontaine

Some people think

being rich can buy you happiness.

Sure, it can buy you some

But, the love I have brings me more happiness

than all the money in the world could.

To be continued on the next page.

I. Money Can’t Buy I. Money Can’t Buy EverythingEverything

Enjoy the poem.

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Money Can't Buy Everythingby Dennis Justin Fontaine

Some people think being rich makes you better than everyone.

They think they

have a place reserved in heaven.

But, that's not something I worry about

because,

with my love, I am already there.To be continued on the next page.

I.I. Money Can’t Buy Money Can’t Buy EverythingEverything

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Money Can't Buy Everythingby

Dennis Justin Fontaine

In this world

money can get you things and it can make you happy,

but the love I share with my angel,

is more valuable than anything.

The end of Money Can’t Buy Everything.

I.I. Money Can’t Buy Money Can’t Buy EverythingEverything

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1. Someone sold you some gold earrings under the counter. This means ____.

A. at a specially low price

B. on the black market

2. “I’m afraid we’ll all have to tighten our belts a bit.” This means ____.

A. spend less money

B. work harder to make more money

II.II. Money IdiomsMoney IdiomsQuiz


B. on the black market

A. spend less money

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3. You’re finding it difficult to make ends meet. This means ____.

A. you can’t pay your debts

B. you’re always short of money

4. Which of these would you like to happen to you? Why? Why not the others? ____.

A. To find you are in the red

B. To get a sudden windfall

C. To pay through the nose for something


Quiz

II.II. Money IdiomsMoney Idioms

B. To get a sudden windfall

A. you can’t pay your debts

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5. John smashed his new Porsche into a shop window. The damage came to £10,000, and his father had to foot the bill.

Who paid for the damage, John or his father?

Quiz

The end of Money Idioms.

II.II. Money IdiomsMoney Idioms

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Part OnePart One

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Part TwoPart Two

ENTER

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I. The US Money

II. Gypsies

III. Lifestyles in America

IV. Variety Store

V. Beauty Salon

Background Background informationinformation

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Cash: paper currency

The US government prints money in the following denominations: $10,000; $5,000; $1,000; $500; $100; $50; $20; $10; $5 and $1.

You will never see most of these bills; twenties, tens, fives and ones are the most commonly used. You will find a picture of George Washington on the $1 bill, Abraham Lincoln on the $5, Alexander Hamilton on the $10 and Andrew Jackson on the $20. There are also pictures on the back (the White House on the $20, the Treasury Building on the $10, the Lincoln Memorial on the $5 and a big “ONE” and the American insignia on the $1.

I.I. The US Money The US Money


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Money in general is referred to as: “cash”, “bucks”, “dough”, “bread”, “moolah”, “greenbacks”, etc. A one-dollar bill is most often called “a dollar”, “a single”, “a buck” or “a bill”; a five-dollar bill is “five dollars”, “a fiver”, “a five spot” or “five bucks”. A ten-dollar bill might be “a ten”, “ten bucks” or a “ten spot”.

I.I. The US MoneyThe US Money


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Cash: coins

Coins come in the following denominations: $.01

or 1¢ (a penny, a cent, one cent); $.05 or 5¢ (a

nickel, five cents); $.10 or 10¢ (a dime, ten cents);

$.25 or 25¢ (a quarter, two bits, twenty-five

cents); and $.50 or 50¢ (a fifty-cent piece).

Coins are called “change”, “small change”, or

“silver” (though they aren’t made of silver

anymore). Coins are generally recognized by their

size, but somebody “goofed” on the dime, which

is smaller than either a nickel or a penny. All the

others are in size order.


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The end of The US Money.

Cash: coins

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Roma (people), commonly known as Gypsies, a

traditionally nomadic people found throughout the

world. While the term gypsy is often attached to

anyone leading a nomadic life, the Roma share a

common biological, cultural, and linguistic heritage

that sets them apart as a genuine ethnic group.

II.II. GypsiesGypsies

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When they first arrived in Europe over 500 years ago, the Roma were called Gypsies in the mistaken belief that they had come from Egypt. The true origins of the Roma remained a mystery until the late 18th century, when European linguists discovered connections between the Romani language and certain dialects spoken in northwestern India. More recent linguistic and historical studies have confirmed that the Roma originated in India.



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The world population of Roma is difficult to

establish with any certainty. Estimates suggest that

there are between approximately 15 and 30 million

Roma worldwide. Some 10 million Roma live in

Europe, and they make up that continent’s largest

minority population. The largest concentrations of

Roma are found in the Balkan peninsula of

southeastern Europe, in central Europe, and in

Russia and the other successor republics of the

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Smaller

numbers are scattered throughout western Europe,

the Middle East, North Africa, and the Americas.


The Fortune Teller, Georges La Tour 1632—1635

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The end of Gypsies.

The Roma are divided

into groups sometimes

referred to as nations or

tribes. These divisions

generally reflect

historical patterns of

settlement in different

geographic areas.

Although historically

renowned as wanderers,

the vast majority of

modern Roma live in

settled communities.

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1. Lost Generation, group of expatriate American writers residing primarily in Paris during the 1920s and 1930s. The group never formed a cohesive literary movement, but it consisted of many influential American writers, including Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Carlos Williams, Thornton Wilder, Archibald MacLeish, and Hart Crane. The group was given its name by the American writer Gertrude Stein to refer to expatriate Americans bitter about their World War I experiences and disillusioned with American society. Hemingway later used the phrase as an epigraph for his novel The Sun Also Rises (1926).

III.III. Lifestyles in Lifestyles in AmericaAmerica

Ernest Hemingway

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2. The beat generation, group of American writers of the 1950s whose writing expressed profound dissatisfaction with contemporary American society and endorsed an alternative set of values. Its best-known figures were writers Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac, who met as students at Columbia University in the 1940s, and San Francisco-based poet and publisher Lawrence Ferlinghetti. Ferlinghetti’s City Lights Bookstore, in the North Beach section of San Francisco, became a center of Beat culture and remained an enduring symbol of alternative literature into the 1990s. Another center of Beat activity was New York City’s East Village, where Ginsberg made his home.

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3. Hippie, member of a youth movement of the late 1960s that was characterized by nonviolent anarchy, concern for the environment, and rejection of Western materialism. Also known as flower power, the hippie movement originated in San Francisco, California. The hippies formed a politically outspoken, antiwar, artistically prolific counterculture in North America and Europe. Their colorful psychedelic style was inspired by drugs such as the hallucinogen Lysergic Acid Diethylamid (LSD). This style emerged in fashion, graphic art, and music by bands such as Love, the Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, and Pink Floyd.

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4. Yuppie, a young upwardly mobile professional person. Yuppies tend to be 9-5 professional workers. Yuppies tend to value material goods (especially trendy new things). In particular this can apply to their stocks, imported automobiles, development houses, and technological gadgets, particularly cell phones. Unfortunately, the fast paced pursuit of these material goods has unintended consequences. Usually in a hurry, they seek convenience goods and services. Being "time poor", their family relations can become difficult to sustain. Maintaining their way of life is mentally exhausting. Sometimes, they will move every few years to where their job goes, straining their family. The fast-paced lifestyle has been termed a rat race.

The end of Lifestyles in America.


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It refers to a retail store that carries a large variety of usually inexpensive merchandise.

IV.IV. Variety Store Variety Store

The end of Variety Store.

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An establishment providing women with services that

include hair treatment, manicures, and facials. Also

called beauty parlor, beauty shop.

V.V. Beauty SalonBeauty Salon

The end of Beauty Salon.

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Part TwoPart Two

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Part Part ThreeThree

ENTER


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Text Text AppreciatiAppreciationon

I. Text Analysis 1. Theme2. Structure3. Further Discussion

II. Writing Devices1. Parody 2. Synecdoche 3. Comparison and Contrast

III.Sentence Paraphrase


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I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis

By describing the differences of the two sisters’ different lifestyles and experiences from childhood to old age, the author seems to suggest that an exciting life does not necessarily come together with financial security. Instead it depends totally on one’s attitude to life.

Theme of the Text

The end of Theme.


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Part 1 (Para. ):

Part 2 (Paras. ):

Part 3 (Paras. ):


Structure of the Text

2—19

20—34

The two sisters’ contrasting financial conditions in old age.

Recall on every earlier crucial stage of their lives.

Their reunion in old age and similar opinions they share on life.

The end of Structure.

1


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Where does the climax of the story lie?

The reunion of the two sisters in their old age, when they, for the first time, seem to share similar opinions on life.


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From whose point of view is the story written, Lottie’s or Bess’s?

From Lottie’s. Much of the space is devoted to description of Lottie’s opinions, views and reflections. The reader can enter her mind and learn what goes on there. Also from this view, the reader can gain a clear clue about the differences of the two sisters’ lifestyles and experiences.


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Both formal and informal expressions are used in the story. Can you tell the differences between them?

In the first half of the story and much of the second when Lottie is working wholeheartedly to prepare for her old age, the writer uses more formal words and expressions. But towards the end of the story when Lottie’s lifestyle of “all work and no play” begins to change, she speaks in a very colloquial style. He speech at the end of the story is also a good example.


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There are also many descriptions of Harry from Para.10 to Para.19. Can you draw a picture of Harry? Did Bess love him? What made it possible for him to be loved so deep?

Bess had a boy friend in the school band, who had no other ambition except to play a horn.



In Para. 10


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Can you make a list of words and expressions to describe the differences of the two sisters?



Lottie Bess

Money never lean …

Love

Family

Living standards

Job

Experiences

Others


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I.I. Text AnalysisText AnalysisFor what purpose does the author sheda lot of ink describing how Lottie prepared everything for the welcome of Bess’s return?

•Lottie was eager to show off herself and her life.•During the process, Lottie became aware of the distance between her dream and the actual situation.•The detailed descriptions lead the reader to a well-prepared readiness to meet the surprise to be displayed by Bess’s indifference.



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What writing devices are used here in the two expressions? What effects do you think they have?

Zeugma, alliteration, parallelism are used here to put an emphasis on the inseparable two aspects of the same “week” and “place”.


…, a week of hard work and hard cash. (Para. 21)…, a place in her sister’s home and heart. (Para. 31)


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What does “the end” imply?

Euphemism. “The end” here implies a person’s death.


in Para. 33


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What made young Lottie desire money so much?

What was young Lottie’s life dream?

Did Lottie ever want to get married? How come she was never tempted to settle down with a home and family?

How did Lottie come to be the owner of a house?

Is it possible for Lottie to transform into an lady over sixty to lead a life similar to her sister? Why? or why not?


Further Discussion About the Text



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What might be young Bess’s life ambition?

Did Bess go to college ever? Why or why not?

What kind of man did she marry? What was their marriage life probably like?

Why was Bess and her husband like gypsies? Was it out of necessity or out of choice?

Was it possible for Bess to live peacefully with her sister together till the end of their life? Why or why not?


Further Discussion About the Text

The end of Further Discussion.


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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevices

A job in hand was worth two in the future. (Para. 9)

Parody


What effect do you think it

has here?

A bird in hand is worth two in the woods.

(saying)


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Parody has come to be applied also to the comic imitation of history, fiction, scientific writing, or any other prose. The essence of parody is the treatment of a light theme in the style appropriate to a serious work.

The humor lies in the contrast between subject matter and the treatment of it.

In parody, the theme and the characters are greatly modified or completely changed, but the style of the original is closely followed in those peculiarities that easily lend themselves to ridicule.

More Examples


Parody


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1. Familiarity breeds contempt. (old saying )

Parody: more examples


Quality breeds success. (ad for Ford )

2. Necessity is the mother of invention. (from Aesop’s Fable)

Failure is the mother of success.


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3. Twinkle, twinkle, little star,How I wonder what you’re!Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky.

(The Star by Jane Taylor)

Twinkle, twinkle, little bat,How I wonder what you’re at!Up above the world you flyLike a teatray in the sky.

(from Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carrol)

Parody: more examples

The end of Parody.


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That Lottie had a doorstep was only because her boss… (Para. 14)

Synecdoche: figurative locution whereby the part is made to stand for the whole, the whole for a part, the species for the genus, and vice versa

Synecdoche


What effect do you

think it has here?

a house


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Synecdoche


Thus, in the phrase “50 head of cattle”, ”head” is used to mean whole animals, and in the sentence “The presidents’ administration contained the best brains in the country”, “brains” is used for intellectually brilliant persons.

More Examples


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•wheels car (infml.)•engine locomotive (a vehicle that pulls a train)•mind an intelligent person•hand a person who does physical work•big mouth a person who talks too much or

too loudly; someone who tells secrets•loud mouth a person who talks too much or too loudly

Synecdoche

The end of Synecdoche.


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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevicesComparison and Contrast


What is a comparison/contrast essay?

To compare is to explain the similarities between things; to contrast is to describe their differences. These are two sides of a single coin. Comparison and contrast both emphasize apparent traits, seeing that which is similar and different. Some argue that the essential nature of human thought itself is the process of recognizing similarities and differences between phenomena (Lakoff and Johnson, Metaphors We Live By). Undoubtedly, comparison and contrast is an essential feature of many rhetorical modes, allowing us to describe things, to define things, to analyze things, to make an argument—to do, in fact, almost any kind of writing.


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Comparison and Contrast


Follow these steps when writing a comparison/contrast essay:

1. Identify similarities and differences. If you have two items to compare or contrast, determine how they are similar and how they are different. You should find at least three points for comparison or contrast. Then write the detailed characteristics for each point.

2. State your purpose in the thesis sentence. Identify the two subjects that you will compare or contrast and state whether you will focus on similarities, differences, or both. The thesis may also indicate which points you will compare or contrast.


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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevicesComparison and Contrast



3. Choose a pattern to organize your essay. The two major patterns for organizing a comparison/contrast essay are

Subject by Subject (Whole-to-Whole). Write first about one of your subjects, covering it completely, and then you write about the other, covering it completely. Each subject is addressed in a separate paragraph. The points of comparison or contrast should be the same for each subject and should be presented in the same order.


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A list of transitions follows:

For comparison: like, same, both, the same as, similar, in the same way, most important, similarly, as, too, have in common, as well as

For contrast: although, however, differ, unlike, even though, yet, but, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, whereas, while, unless, contrary to, the reverse

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Point by Point. Each point is addressed in a separate paragraph. Discuss both of your subjects together for each point of comparison and contrast. Maintain consistency by discussing the same subject first for each point.

4. Use appropriate transitions. Transitions are important in comparison/contrast writing, especially with the point by point organization, to avoid confusion. Without transitions, the points you are comparing/contrasting may blur into one another. Also, a variety of transitions prevent monotony.


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To evaluate the effectiveness of a comparison/ contrast essay, ask the following:

Is the essay balanced? The most common error in a comparison/contrast essay is spending too much time on one subject and too little on the other. Make sure the essay equally and thoroughly covers both subjects.


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The story is a good example of comparison and

contrast. The point-by-point method of organization is

employed.

• Financial conditions in old age: Lottie’s Bess’s

• Earlier crucial life stages: Lottie’s Bess’s

• Reunion: to share similar opinions on life


The device used in the story.

The end of Comparison and Contrast.


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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 1Paraphrase 1

Over the years Bess had lived each day as

if there were no other. (Para. 1)

Over the years in spite of her sister’s urge to prepare for her old age, Bess seized every minute to enjoy herself as if she would die the next day.

subjunctive mood

go to 2


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Lottie had a bank account that had never grown lean. (Para. 1)

small in amount or quality

go to 3

Lottie always had quite a sum of money deposited in the bank.


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When the dimes began to add up to dollars, she lost her taste for sweets. (Para. 4)

When her savings grew considerably, she was too old to want candy any more.

go to 4

to make a total amount of


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But her freshman year found her unable to

indulge this fantasy, … (Para. 6)

to allow oneself/sb. to have whatever one likes or wants

But in her first year at high school, she found that she couldn’t allow herself to spend her money on clothes.

go to 5


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She made her choice easily. A job in hand was worth two in the future. (Para. 9)

She made her choice without the slightest hesitation. To have a promising job now was surely far more worthwhile than college.

go to 6

parody


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Two or three times she was halfway

persuaded, but to give up a job that paid well

for a homemaking job that paid nothing was a

risk she was incapable of taking. (Para. 11)

Two or three times, urged by others, she thought seriously about marrying, but she didn’t because that would mean she had to give up a well-paying job and become a housewife/homemaker who didn’t get paid or all the work she did. This was something she couldn’t make herself accepted.

go to 7


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Bess felt sorry that she had no children. She was not sensible and practical enough to know that with children, their conditions would have been worse still.


Bess grieved because she had no child, not having sense enough to know she was better off without them. (Para. 13)

go to 8

to be happier without

to feel extremely sad


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Very likely she would have dumped them on

Lottie’s doorstep. (Para. 13)

to leave or abandon

If she had had children, she would very probably have left them with Lottie.

go to 9


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The years, after forty, began to race.

(Para. 17)

After one reached forty, one grew old

rapidly.

go to 10


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Lottie, trapped by the blood tie, knew she would have to send Bess money to bring her home. (Para. 20)

Though she always disproved of Bess’s way of

life, she was well aware that as sisters they

were closely related. She knew that she would

have to help her out by sending money for her

journey home. go to 11

family relationshipcaught


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She was having more fun than she had

ever had in her life. She was living each

hour for itself. (Para. 24)

Now she was working for fun not for money. For the first time she was doing something to prepare for her old age, not just to pass the time, etc.

go to 12


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Her heart raced, and she wondered if the heat from the oven was responsible. (Para. 27)

Her heart beat fast and she was not sure whether the heat from the oven caused that.

go to 13


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Stiffly she suffered Bess’s embrace, her heart racing harder, her eyes suddenly smarting from the onrush of cold air. (Para. 28)

She accepted Bess’s warm hug in a formal way. Her heart beat faster and a gust of cold wind stung her eyes.

go to 14

hurt with stinging painunfriendly or very formally


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Tomorrow she would see the room as it really looked, and Lottie as she really looked, and the warmed-over turkey in its second-day glory. (Para. 31)

reheatedLottie thought that tomorrow Bess would notice

how nice the room was, how smart she looked and how inviting the big turkey was when the remaining part was warmed over and put on the table again. go to 15

exaggeration


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She said, “That’s enough about me. How have the years used you?” (Para. 32)

to treat sb. in a stated way

She said, “I’ve talked enough about myself. How have you been over the years?”

go to 16


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That’s my life story, a life never lived. Now it’s too near the end to try. (Para. 33)

That’s what I’ve done. I’ve never had the joys, or the sorrows, that life offers. It’s just an existence, not a life. Now I’m too old to learn how to live.

go to 17

euphemismpast

participle


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Don’t count the years that left us. At our time of life it’s the days that count. (Para. 34)

to figure

Don’t try to figure out how many years we are going to live. At our age, we must live in terms of days, not years, and spend each day joyfully.

emphatic

sentence

The end of Sentence Paraphrase.


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Part Part ThreeThree

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Part FourPart Four

ENTER

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I. Word Study

II. Phrases and Expressions

III.Word Building

IV. Grammar

Language Language StudyStudy

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study

Word list:

1. ambition

2. conscience

3. dump

4. errand

5. expand

11. sentimental

12. threadbare

13. transform

14. urge

15. worldly

6. indulge

7. lean

8. lumpy

9. miserly

10.onrush

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study1. ambition

n. a. strong desire, esp. over a long period, for success, power, wealth, etc.

b. sth. that is desired in this way

Examples:She’s clever but she lacks ambition.He has at last achieved his lifetime ambition of launching a newspaper.

ambitious a.an ambitious politicianWe cooked nothing more ambitious than boiled eggs.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study2. conscience

n. person’s awareness of right and wrong with regard to his own thoughts and action

a. conscientious

Word Formation

Examples:have a clear/guilty conscience He has several murders on his conscience ( 受到良心的谴责 ). You cannot in all conscience ( 的确，凭良心 ) regard that as fair pay.

cf.


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cf.

a conscientious worker

a conscientious attitudestream of consciousness

This essay is a most conscientious piece of work.

Are you conscious of how people will regard such behavior?

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3. dump

v. a. to put (sth. unwanted) in a place and leave as rubbish

b. to put (sth.) down carelessly, heavily or in a mass

c. to leave or abandon (sb.)d. to sell abroad at a very low price

Examples


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Examples:

He dumped his wife and went with another girl.

The government declared that it did not dump

radioactive waste at sea.

It produces more than it needs, then dumps its

surplus onto the world market.

Just dump things over there—I’ll sort it out

later.

Decide whether the meaning of “dump” is “a”, “b”, “c” or “d”.

c

a

d

b

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Examples:Run an errand for me, will you? Go find Roger for me.He was tired of running errands for his sister.an errand of mercy 雪中送炭a fool’s errand 徒劳无功的差事

I.I. Word StudyWord Study 4. errand

n. short journey to take a message, get or deliver goods, etc.

If you run errand for sb., you do or get sth. for them, usually be making a short trip somewhere.

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长度、面积或体积等方面的扩张、膨胀，多含有朝四面八方扩展或延伸之义

Examples:He breathed deeply and expanded his chest.He expanded his operation to include all aspects of the clothing industry.


5. expand cf.


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I.I. Word StudyWord Studycf.extend 表示时间、空间或土地等方面的纵向扩展或延续The cold weather extended into March. The railway has been extended to the next town.

spread 多指事物在时间、距离或面积上的扩大或延伸The various dealers’ prices show a wide spread.There is a tree with a spread of 100 feet.

stretch 可指身体上的伸展，也可指长度或广度上的增长性、伸缩性There is not much stretch in this collar; I can hardly get it over my head. She got out of bed and had a very good stretch.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study6. indulge v. to allow oneself/sb. to have whatever one likes or wants

Examples:I’m really going to indulge myself tonight with a bottle of champagne. indulge in a long hot bathI shall forget about dieting today. I’m just going to indulge, i.e. eat and drink what I like.

a. indulgent

n. indulgence

Word Formation

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a. a. without much flesh; thin and healthy

b. containing no or little fat c. small in amount or quantity;

not productive

I.I. Word StudyWord Study7. lean thin

scant

sparemeager

Synonyms

a lean body lean beef lean meat a lean diet a lean harvest a lean year a lean season for good films cf.

a ladder leaning against the wall

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8. lumpy

a. full of lumps; covered in lumps

Examples:lumpy gravy 有颗粒的肉汁a lumpy mattress 有疙瘩的褥垫a sugar lumpbreak a piece of coal into small lumpsa nasty lump on her neckhave a lump in one’s throat

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study9. miserly

a. a miserly person is one who hates spending money

Example:

a miserly attitudemiser n.

A typical miser, he hid his money in the house in various places.

cf.They endured hours of backbreaking work in miserable conditions.

generous

Antonym

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study10. onrush

n. a strong movement forwardan onrush of cold air

cf.an oncoming event a. comingan ongoing program of research

a. continuing to exist or progressan onshore breeze

a. blowing from the sea towards the

landan onslaught on government housing

policiesn. fierce attack

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study11. sentimental

Examples:The necklace was a present from my mother and has sentimental value.I enjoyed this movie but the ending was too sentimental.

cf.a sensational murder trial

a. a. showing or based on tender feelings rather than reasonable or practical judgments

b. showing too much of such feelings, esp. of a weak or insincere kind

emotional

tender

affectionate

Synonyms

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study12. threadbare

a. worn thin; shabbyExamples:

a threadbare carpeta threadbare joke

cf.

bare- without the usual covering or protection

bareback a. ad. on a horse without a saddle

barefaced a. shamelessbarefoot(ed) a. ad. without shoes or stockings

bareheaded a. ad. not wearing a hat

barelegged a. ad. wearing nothing on one’s legs

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13. transformv. to completely change the appearance,

form, or character of sth. or sb., esp. in a way that improves itExamples:

A steam engine transforms heat into power.

Put yourself in the hands of our experts, who will

transform your hair and makeup.

transformation n.

In recent years his ideas have undergone a

complete transformation.

change

convertalter

Synonyms

B T L EW


I.I. Word StudyWord Study14. urge

v. a. to try very hard to persuadeb. to suggest very strongly; draw attention

to the importance of or need forc. to drive or force (forward)

Examples:

They urged us to give our support.

They urged on us the need for cooperation.

He urged the horses on with a whip.

urgent a. urgency n.

in urgent need of medical attention

a matter of great urgency

Synonyms

force

drive

spurprompt

B T L EW


a. a. material; not spiritual b. sophisticated; practical

I.I. Word StudyWord Study15. worldly

worldly concerns

worldly distractions

a worldly person

words of worldly wisdom

世俗的心思世俗的乐趣老成持重的人人生的经验之谈

The end of Word Study.

I think it is time you woke up and focused

your thoughts on more worldly matters.

He was different from anyone I had known,

very worldly, very sophisticated.

Synonym

earthly

B T L EW


List:

1. add up to

2. be better off without

3. be through

4. go to ruin

5. hard cash

6. kick up one’s heels

7. make no mention of

8. put/set/turn one’s mind to sth.

II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions

B T L EW


to amount to

Examples:

The company’s profits last year added up to $50 million.With a meal included in the cost of the ticket, it all adds up to a really good evening’s entertainment.

cf.Add your scores up and we’ll see who won.

Our explanation seemed only to add to his

bewilderment.


1. add up to

B T L EW



2. be better off withoutto be happier without sb./sth.

Example:

We’d be better off without them as neighbors.cf.

He’d be better off going to the police about it. (be wiser)better late than neverbetter safe than sorry

B T L EW


3. be through


a. to have finished doing sth., using sth., etc.

b. to be no longer having a relationship with sb. or sth.Examples:

I’m not through just yet; I should be finished in an hour.

I am through with Jane/alcohol.

B T L EW


to become damaged or destroyed because no one is taking care of it

Examples:

It is his brother who had let the farm go to ruin.

The ancient temple had fallen into ruin.

4. go to ruin = fall into ruin


“ruin” phrases


B T L EW



be on the road to ruin

be on the brink of ruin

in ruin

go to rack and ruin

正在走向毁灭濒临破产、垮台破败不堪逐渐破损毁坏

B T L EW


money in the form of notes and coins as opposed to a cheque or a credit cardcf.A hard currency is one that is unlikely to loseits value and so is considered to be a good oneto have or to invest in.

The government is running short of hard currency to pay for imports.

5. hard cash


“hard” phrases


B T L EW


cf.

a hardback/hardcover book

a hard-headed realist

a hard-hearted woman

hard labor


B T L EW


to be relaxed and enjoy oneself

Example: She’s a workaholic and doesn’t know how

to kick up her heels. cf. kick one’s heels (to have nothing to do while waiting for sb./sth.)

We’re just kicking our heels until the next semester begins.

6. kick up one’s heels


B T L EW


not to say anything about

Examples:

He made no mention of having seen her.

He made no mention of his wife’s illness

to me.

7. make no mention of


“mention” phrases


B T L EW


cf.

Don’t mention it.

They already take pension and

social security payments off my

pay, not to mention state taxes.

Let’s meet the above-mentioned

heroes.


B T L EW



8. put/set/turn one’s mind to sth.

to give all one’s attention to

Examples:

It won’t take long to sort it out once you

put your mind to it.

Let’s now turn our minds to tomorrow’s

meeting.

“mind” phrases


B T L EW



The end of Phrases and Expressions.

cf. keep one’s mind on sth.:

to continue to pay attention to give one’s mind to sth.:

to concentrate on or give all one’s attention to

have sth. on one’s mind: to worry about sth.

bear/keep sth./sb. in mind:to remember sth./sb.

bend one’s mind to sth.: to direct one’s thoughts to sth.

bring/call sb./sth. to mind: to recall sb./sth. to one’s memory

B T L EW


III.III. Word BuildingWord Building

List:

1. Prefix—em

2. Root—form

3. Suffix—ish

B T L EW


em-: the form used for en-before b, m or p

embraceembrace

prefix


embarkembedembellishempower

乘船，搭载埋入，深留装饰，布置授权给，使能

B T L EW



transform transform root

form: shape

informal

formula

deformity

information

performance

reform

uniformity

非正式的

客套语

畸形，残疾

情报，资讯

履行，表演

改革，改善

一律，相同

B T L EW


lavish lavish


-ish: to do

banish

cherish

diminish

embellish

flourish

furnish

garnish

放逐

珍爱，珍惜

减少 ; 缩小

修饰，润色

繁茂 ; 盛行

供给，陈设

加装饰 ; 在食物中

加调味料

suffix

The end of Word Building.

B T L EW


IV.IV. GrammarGrammar

Purpose AdverbialPurpose Adverbial

Purpose is expressed by the infinitive:

1. The infinitive alone

2. In order/ so as + infinitive

3. Infinitive + noun + preposition


Examples

B T L EW


1. They stopped to ask the way.

2. She gave up work in order to have more time with the children.

3. She learnt typing in order to help her husband with his work.

4. I need a corkscrew to open this bottle with.




B T L EW





Clauses of purpose:

1. so that + will/would or can/could + infinitive

2. so that/ in order that + may/might or shall/should + infinitive

Examples

B T L EW


1. Ship lifeboats so that the crew can escape if the ship sinks.

2. These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.

3. Criminals usually telephone from public telephone boxes so that the police won’t be able to trace the call.




B T L EW





in case and lest:

1. I’ll make a cake in case someone drops in at the weekend.

2. I carry a spare wheel in case I have/should have a puncture.

3. I always kept candles in the house in case there was a power cut.

4. He doesn’t/didn’t dare to leave the house lest someone should recognize him.

B T L EW


... Bess was still waiting for Harry to earn

enough to buy a marriage license. (10)

the infinitive



She made several attempts to find other

employment, but nobody would hire her. (18)

the infinitive

Find more examples in the text.


B T L EW


She thought she lived frugally in her

middle years so that she could live in

comfort when she most needed peace of

mind. (16)

purpose clause

IV.IV. GrammarGrammarPurpose AdverbialPurpose Adverbial

The end of Grammar.

B T L EW


Part FourPart Four

This is the end of Part Four. Please click HOME to visit other parts.

The Richer, the PoorerThe Richer, the Poorer

Exe. 4

• 1) are better off • 2) had put your mind

to • 3) go about • 4) added up to • 5) save for • 6) marveled at

• 7) above all • 8) by comparison • 9) have anything to

do with • 10) adds up to • 11) go about

Exe.5

• 1) keep her on • 2) keep on • 3) keep AIDS from • 4) Keep out of it

• 5) keep it up/keep at it • 6) keep off • 7) keep up with

Exe.6

• 1) terms • 2) attention • 3) business • 4) children

• 5) his anger, her attempts

• 6) the furniture • 7) errands • 8) her embrace, humil

iation

Exe.7

• 1) race 比赛• 2) hard on sb. 对某人

过于为难• 3) hard cash 现金• 4) hard 很难的； ter

ms 条件• 5) passage 行程；航

程；旅费

• 6) passage 通道• 7) passage 文章的一

段• 8) race 种族• 9) race 跑步比赛

Exe.9

• 1) I think you'll have to depend on your own efforts to overcome the difficulties.

• 2) We have arranged for you to speak to university students during your visit.

• 3) The conference called on us to pay special attention to the growing gap between the rich and the poor.

• 4) The students appealed to the school authorities to improve their living conditions.

• 5) You can rely on her to find the best solution. • 6) More and more people are pleading with their

government to stop the bombing.

Exe. 10

• (1) older/elder • (2) took • (3) second • (4) felt • (5) once • (6) have • (7) started/began

• (8) To • (9) stay/live • (10) job • (11) agreed • (12) first • (13) for

Exe. 10

• (14) family • (15) the• (16) before • (17) By • (18) because • (19) US • (20) much

• (21) point • (22) American • (23) retain/keep • (24) birth • (25) does • (26) China

Exe.2

• 1) ever • 2) constantly • 3) always • 4) usually • 5) all the time

• 6) normally • 7) seldom • 8) frequently • 9) Occasionally • 10) never

Exe. 3 2)

• (1) for pleasure, not for money

• (2) To stay alive

• (3) to relax a bit

• (4) so as to have trees around them instead of buildings

• (5) so that children can understand

• (6) so as not to disturb other guests

Exe. 3 2)

• (7) so as not to be recognized

• (8) In order not to put on weight

• (9) To avoid any mistake

• (10) in order that you can make your arrangements

• (11) for their child to go to college

• (12) for every student to finish the exam

Exe. 4

• 1) that or / • 2) Whatever • 3) what • 4) unless • 5) before • 6) While • 7) as

• 8) As long as • 9) what • 10) where • 11) where • 12) until • 13) as if • 14) so that

Exe. 5

• 1) by • 2) by, from • 3) with, since, in • 4) from, without, out

of, with/of

• 5) In, In, for, like • 6) for, with, at, into • 7) about, as, about • 8) in, by, Because of,

for, for

Exe. 6

• 1) The man who came to see Xiao Liu yesterday is his cousin.

• 2) In those days, the man was happier than he had ever been in his life.

• 3) The farmers didn't stop working until darkness fell. Or; The farmers worked until darkness fell.

• 4) I'm not going to the grocery store today unless you want some milk or something.

• Or: I'll go to/am going to the grocery store today if you want some milk or something.

• 5) The family are constantly complaining about one another.

Exe. 6

• 6) Is there any place nearby -where/in -which I can get my laptop fixed quickly?

• 7) When questioning the driver who caused the accident, the police was quite sure that the driver wasn't telling the truth.

• 8) Even if I had the money, I wouldn't buy such an expensive thing.

• 9) Seeing is believing. • 10) It is important for college freshmen to plan

their time so that they don't waste it.

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BTLEW Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer Part One ENTER