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VOLUME 93, NUMBER 57 WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23, 1974 MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS FIVE CENTS

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By Bert HalsteadMIT's budget is in a "really

serious" situation as a result ofthe energy crisis, according toComptroller Stuart H. Cowen.

It is estimated that the MITenergy budget, originally $3.3million, will actually be morelike S4.4 million for this fiscalyear. This $I.1 million deficitwill probably have to be met outof the Insti-t u te 's unres-tricted endow- -ment, savsCowen.

The deficitis being causedb y energy Energycosts which andandcan ohly be IT

MITVd e s c ribed asskyrocketing. The cost of elec-tricity, which was 1. 5 cents perkilowatt-hour (KWH) in April1970 and 1.9 cents per KWH inNovember 1973, is now 2.4cents per KWH. The cost of oilto MIT was $2.00 per barrel in1970. it rose to $8.65 onDecember 6 and $9.45 onDecember 27, clear off the topof the graph Superintendent of

Utilities Thomas E. Shepherdhad been keeping in his office.

The deficit would be muchworse if not for the savingsforced by the oil shortage. Oilconsumptionzi this year is ofcourse running behind what itwas last year (about 80% of lastyear for periods of comparablewe a th e r), but, interestinglyenough, electricity consumptionhas dropped markedly as well.Shepherd attributed this to thelower level of oil use and thereduced use of ventilating fans inbuildings, as well as the ongoingcampaign to cut electricity con-sumption for unnecessarylighting. It is estimated thatthese measures are saving$600,000 a year. In other words,without them, MIT's energy billwould be $5 million this year.

Cowen explained that, al-though this year's deficit willhave to be met out of unres-tricted funds, ultimately MITwill have to pass on its costs tosomebody. In this respect, theenergy crisis came at a par-ticularly bad time in relation tothe divestment of the DraperLabs. Overhead rates for re-

search contracts are held tfixedfor this year, and cannot beadjusted to account for higherenergy costs. In the future, how-ever, upward pressure on theserates can be expected.

The c ri sis can also beexpected to push tuition androom rents up. Hence, energyconservation is the word of theday in the dornmitories as well asin the academic buildings.

H. Eugene Bramrmer, directorof Housing and Dining Services,says the effort begins with thehouse managers and mainte-nance men. According to theindividual circumstances of eachdormitory, which vary widely,the mnanagers have instituted abroad program of energy-savingideas. These begin with obvious'measures, such as asking stu-dents to turn off all appliancesand close their drapes duringChrstInas vacation.

Repair work that would saveenergy has received a higherpriority, and a daily log is beingkept for each house, so that anyrecurring patterns may be identi-filed and corrected.

Other, more subtle, measuresbeing taken include switchingfromnt higher- to lower-wattagelight bulbs in public places, andrernmoving somne bulbs altogether;switching from incandescent tofluorescent lighting (which ismuch more efficient) in someplaces; lower thermostat settingsin public spaces; lowering thetemperature of hot water from140 ° to 120 ° ; and a campaignto get residents to limit theirown personal energy con-sumption. It is not known at thistime how much energy is beingsaved by thesemeasures, but astudy is under way, comparingthis year's utility meter readingsto last year's. The results shouldbe available in the near future,and may have an impact on theroom rent decision process.

In addition, Branmmer en-courages students who live inrroms with a radiator that won'tturn off, or other problems, tofile repair slips. Verbalcomplaints are likely to be lostand forgotten, but a writtencomplaint will result in action."We will still have hot spots andcold spots" due to the nature ofthe heating systems, says Bam-nmer, but these are minor temper-ature differences compared tothose caused by malfunctioningthermostats.

"We're trying to do every-thing we can," he concluded, tokeep the dorms livable, and withco-operation from everybody,which so far has been good, "Ithink we're going to make it."

The Alpha Tau Omrega half of the new ATO/Kappa Sigmra fraternityhouse is ready for occupancy, and the members are moving in.Dedication ceremonies -were held last weekend at the house, which ison Memorial Drive next to Burton House. -Photo by Roger Goldstein

By Barb Moore"A newspaper must be

viewed as a public service - itwill act in the interest of themost powerful if no one ridesherd on it."

As ombudsman of The 'aslh-ington Posi, Robert Maynardexplained his job of "ridingherd" to an MIT audience lastThursday.

The Post, perhaps best knownfor its coverage of Watergate andrelated White House events, hasfailed on many counts to bringthe story of Watergate together,according to Maynard. They didvery little on the power of the

President and the role of thepress in creating that power.This, Maynard feels, is a veryvital issue in view of the Water-gate happenings.

With respect to these failings,Maynard cited a study he con-ducted on coverage of Water-gate. He read everything thatwas written by syndicatedcolumnists about the Watergatebreak-in between June 1972 andthe election. In that time, therewere only 14 references to thebreak-in when there were 400opportunities. This was verypoor coverage, from Maynard'sviewpoint.

Aside from the questions ofWatergate, Maynard explainedthat his Job consists of threefunctionrs. He first acts as aspokesman for the people givingthem opportunities to publishtheir views and helping themgain access to the media.

Secondly, he provides inter-nal criticism of The Post byquestioning what stories shouldbe covered, and how they shouldbe handled.

His job also includes writinghis weekly column, "The NewsBusiness." In this column hediscusses problems of the press- not only of The Post, but of

the media in general. It is herethat he has discussed such errorsas the failure of the news toexplain the energy crisis suffi-ciently.

Maynard is the third ombuds-man that The Washington Posthas had in the three years theposition has been in existence. Itis still in the experimnental stage,but Maynard hopes that it willbe made a permanent part of thestaff after this year. He feels thatthe media is "monopolisitic" innature, and therefore provideslittle access outside of the om-busdiman.

Maynard was anxious to addthat the omnbudsman is nottotally corrective. His mainadvantage is that he operatesoutside the beauracracy of thenewspaper, and can functionmore efficiently. There are still

barriers, however, such asmonopolistic ownership, whichmust be corrected. There arevery few cities which still havemore than one newspaperprinted under separate owners,which is quite a drop from theseven printed in New York Citywhen Maynard started.

When asked how he began asombudsman, Maynard repliedthat there is only one majorqualification: the love of excel-lence.

By Mike McNameeMDC Police are still investi-

gating the causes of a bizarreauto accident that occurred on- and off- the Harvard BridgeSunday night.

Detective John Flynn toldThe Tech Monday night thatpolice had "no idea" of thecircumstances that sent two carsflying over the bridge's railingand onto the ice below.

Observe rs at the scenereported that the vehicles, drivenby Martill Simons of Cambridgeand John Guy of Dorchester,were coming over the bridgetowards Cambridge at aboutmidnight when they swerved orskidded towards the oppositeside of the bridge. Banked snownext to the curb apparentlyacted as a ramp, propelling thecars over the railing on the westside of the bridge; they landedon the ice.

Simons, Guy and Fritz Figaroof Somerville, who was riding inSimons' car, managed to escapethe 'Vehicles before they startedsinking, and crawled across theice to shore. They were taken toCambridge City Hospital, wherethey were treated for minorinjuries and released.

MDC police arrived on thescene, and attempted to removethe vehicles from the ice.Wreckers from several localgarages were called in, and anattempt was made to tow onecar to land. This was given up,however, when the ice started tobreak around the car and itbegan to sink.

Finally, at about 4am, policedecided to chain the cars to thesupports of the bridge to keepthem from sinking any further,and wait for a crane to come andremove them. The cars werefinally taken off the river atabout 6am Monday.

Flynn told The Tech thatexamination of the cars hadindicated that the autos were"mechanically sound" prior tothe accident, and that they hadcurrent inspection stickers onthem. He said that he was stilltrying to arrange a conferencewith the two drivers to sort outthe' circumstances of the acci-dent.

Flynn refused to speculate onthe causes of the accident,saying only, "I' have to talk tothe operators and see if therewas speeding or racing or some-thing like that involved." He

added that the men in the carswere "lucky to come out of itwithout any serious injuries."

The police attempts toremove the cars from the icebrought many residents of WestCampus dorms and fraternitiesout to watch. Many of themcommented on the unusualcircumstances of the accident;one observer looked at the holescreated in the ice and said,"They're lucky they walkedaway alive."

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PAGE 2 WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23,1974 THE TECHI

from EuropeEnergy viewBy Paul Schindler natural gas are

ROME, Jan 9: A tourist's eye 20%. But itview of Rome, Paris and London Britain.indicates that Great Britain has Britain's probeen hit the most harshly by the directly, it iscurrent energy crisis. union's refusal

While West End stores had relanterns in their windows and time, reducingPicadilly Circus' neon sign was coal, which is tawash in a tide of darkness at station fuel. DChristmas time, every monu- few years agoment and store in Paris was lit dire consequecfor New Year's Eve, and Rome's by using oil, untraffic jams are as eternal as ever. needed quantiti

France and Italy have been Arab boycottaffected, according to press The In ternreports. Italian restaurants must Tribune has indclose by midnight. Some French major effect to dgas stations are running out of has been plannigas, and industrial users of and some fights

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over Christmas. Britons chuckle(between shivers, because thegovernment has asked them toheat only one room in eachhome) at the light measures thatAmericans find so draconian.Daily newspaper ads tell themthat hospitals and vital serviceswill be cut off at random if theydo not conserve fuel.

Britain's suffering next toFrance's normalcy make all themore curious the news that thesetwo countries are fightingEuropean energy-sharing plan.Great Britain, of course, wantsto hang on to the North Sea oilit expects to have by mid-1975."What about the next 18mrronths?What if there is not asmuch oil as we think? arequestions being asked by theman on the street in London,but not in Whitehall (location ofmuch of the government.).

Power EngineersAs if to make matters worse,

the power engineers are alsore fusing to work overtime.bringing about threats of massiverandom cuts.

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THE TECH WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23 ,1974 PAGE 3

Dining Servicecontrols advisedBy James Moody

"We didn't find anythingstartling in the whole report,"said Helen Doroghty, GeneralManager of MIT's Dining Ser-vice, commenting on a recentlycompleted study of MIT's opera-tion.

"What we're being told,"commented Dave Cantley,Stouffers Regional Manager andformer MIT General Manager,"is to put more pressure on allphases of the operation to im-prove our controls .... No newmagic, no new way, just do thejob better."

The study was conducted byArthur Dana Associates, a foodservice consulting firm based inNew York. It involved 33 mandays of on-site observation,discussions with management,employees, customers, anda d m inistration; detailed costanalysis, and a reveiew of opera-ting data.

The emphasis of the report inon controls. The measure of thesuccess of these controls is thefood cost percentage, the per-centage the customer actuallypays for food. Dana calculatedthe theoretical food cost, andproposed a set of controls toachieve this. His goal is reducethis percentage until his theo-retical goal is met.

He recommends a system ofmenu planning that optimizeslower cost "favorites," althoughnot at the expense of quality orvariety. (Stouffers includes 270entres on its menus throughoutthe year.)

He recommends all sorts ofstandards, weights, measures,

and checking operations for pur-chasing and receiving proce-dures. For example, he suggestscompetative bidding for meats,instead of having a regular sup-plier.

He outlines bookeeping andaccounting practices which willfacilitate calculation (andminimization) of the food costpercentage.

Improvements can be made inthe appearance and setting ofthe dining halls, which willhopefully attract more business.Planters can be added to Lobdellto divide up the room intosmaller spaces. With the tablesarranged in diamond fashion (asthey now are), people will feellike they have more room.Improvements need to be madein the grill area in Lobdell, andin the serving area in Walker.

There were several problemswith the Dana report, accordingto Cantley, Doroghty, andArthur Beals, Assistant Directorof Housing and Food Service.Some of Dana's recommen-dations were apparently theresult of hasty analysis and con-clusions drawn from a singleobservation, such as a toughpiece of chopped sirloin, or anovercooked hamburger.

Dana's theoretical food costpercentage may be low by asmuch as 6%, since he neglectedto include in his calculation suchthings as hambuiger rolls andcondiments. "He just made amistake," Doroughty noted, andadded that she is workingquickly to come up with a newset of goals that are more real-istic.

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Cantley felt the report wouldnot help MIT solve its deficitproblem (which may be as highas $250,000 this year). He couldsee no way to increase businessby 20% and reduce food cost by6%. He felt these were bothunrealistic, although he will con-tinue every effort to reach thesegoals.

Looking ahead, dining servicehopes to implement tighter con-trols and more accountabilityfrom all of its personnel, withthe goal of providing the bestpossible service at the leastdeficit. In the face of higherfood costs, MIT has decided toincrease the deficit, rather thanincrease the cost of a commonscontract. (A la carte prices haverisen to cover increased costs.)Compulsory plans for next yearare still under investigation.

TANGLEWOOD FESTIVAL CHORUS

Sopranos and tenors - Auditions

The Chorus has several openingsfor the 73-74 season. Rehearsalsare at 7:30, Wednesday eveningsat Boston University, College ofBasic Studies, Sleeper Auditor-ium. Anyone interested in aud-itioning should come to theAuditorium on Wednesday, Jan-uary 16 or Wednesday, January23 at 7 pm.

Performances this season withthe Boston Symphony in Bostonand Tanglewood include:Rossini: Stabat MaterHayden: Lord Nelsor MassMozart: Requiem

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The Historic OLD VILNA SHUL16 Phillips St., Beacon Hill, Boston

invites the Jewish students to our TraditionalOrthodox Services.FRIDAY: Sundown SABBATH: 9 am

follcwed by a delicious Kiddush-- -- -_[.

MEN and WOMEN:A Discussion of Some Life Styles

Planning meeting for Women Students' Skitsto be performed before student and faculty, groups

lunch will be served.Thursday, J anuary- 24 from 11 :()0- 2:00)()pm

Room 3-310For information, see 31 5c in the I.AP guide.

Margaret AdamsConsultant in social work in the interdisciplinary

train ing programs.Mlonday, January 28 from 3:00-5 :())pin

lMeczzanine Lounge

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For those who would like to go there to:

STUDY, RESI'ARCH', TEACH

By Americans who have been there

Three short talks

-Elliot H. Lieb, Prof. of Mathematics and Physics, MITResearch at the Institute for Advanced Studies outsideParis 1972-73.

-John DiLoreto, Fifth Year Student, MITJunior Year at the University of Nantes, JES, 1971-72.

-David Pendery, Project Assistant, Dept. of Architecture, MITAnalysis of Urban Structure; Paris, January 1972American School of Paris, 1962-68.

Followed by discussion period and REFRESHMENTSDate: Tuesday, January 29, 1974

Time: 4:00 P.M.Place: Jackson Room 10-280

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PAGE 4 WEDNESDAY, JANUARY23,1974 THE TECH

Government c ablereport r isses uesto sBy Michael D. McNamee

Cable television - for a long time thepoor step-child of the communicationsindustry with recognized promise butlittle developed talent - finally receivedits birth certificate last week when agovernment committee chaired by ClayT. Whitehead '60, head of the Office ofTelecommunications Policy, released along-awaited study of cable and its fu-ture.

The committee, made up of sevenCabinet and sub-Cabinet members, (fiveof' whom have since left the Adminis-tration, with Whitehead scheduled toleave OTP soon), recommended thatcable, which has up to this point beentreated under Federal CommunicationsCommission's regulations as an extensionof regular broadcasting, be given treat-ment similar to that enjoyed by printmedia. This analogy implies that therewould be very little regulation of themedium or of its ownership; the fairnessdoctrine and equal-time rules developedfor television would not apply to com-mercial cable broadcasting.

Coincidentally (at least as far as Icould tell), Whitehead was at MIT onJanuary 8, almost exactly one weekbefore the report was released._to addressa seminar on telecommunications policy.Although he refused to answer questionson the substance of the report before itwas issued, he expressed several opinionsthat were substantially identical to thosereportedly expressed in the report. Theseviews raised serious questions in my mindabout the impact of the new report. Idiscussed them with several MIT expertson telecommunications and media overthe last week.

The proposalsThe analogy of the print mnedia, used

throughout the report as a model forcable, depends on the differing govern-ment attitudes towards print and mediathat have prevailed since the I930's. The

By Michael D. McNameeThe Kendall Square project -- redevel-

opment of the 13-acre "triangle" atBroadway and Main and the l -acre siteleft by NASA on Main Street -- came intopublic prominence last spring when plansdesigncd by thie Cambridge Redevel-opment Authority were being presentedfor City Council approval. At that time.co(mmunity reaction to the plans, whichcalled for development of the area with ahigh-rise minotel and office space, causedthe formation of a Task Force to getcommunity input into the developmentof a new set of plans. The City Council,in response to pressure for blue-collar jobdevelopment, instructed the Task Forceto especially consider developing "lightid ust ry and non-professional white-collar jobs" in the area.

MIT's involvement in the KendallSquare project stems not only from thephysical proximity of the area to MIT,but from financial concerns. Due to asection in the federal Urban-DevelopmentCode, institutions like MIT which removeland from the tax rolls can "certify" fundsused to purchase land within a redevelop-ment zone with the Department ofHtousing and Urban Development, andgive the city credit with the federalagency for the amount used t.o buy theland and prepare the sites for develop-nment.

The Institute has already certifiedapproximately S6 million in the KendallSquare area; for the project, and is sup-posed to be planning to certify at leastS3.5 million more in the near future.

THE WIZARD OF ID

The Wizard of Id appears daily and Sunday in the Boston Globe.

Clay T. Whitehead '60Photo courtesy Peter Buttner

First Amendment - which has alwaysbeen used to limit governmentencroachment on newspapers, magazines,and books - has never been applied asvigorously to television and radio for tworeasons.

The first, which is the rationale behindthe report, was stated by Dr. CarrollBowren at the Center for Advanced Engi-neering Study, who told me, "A printingpress will work foi anyone - a ightwingpaper, a liberal paper, a daily, a weekly -anything. But you only have 13 VHF TVchannels to assign in an area and alimited number of radio stations, so youare in effect granting a near-monopoly toanyone who gets a broadcast license."This monopoly effect, in turn, creates the"big-money" aspect of the television and,to a lesser extent, radio businesses; it alsocontributes to the dominance of a fewlarge networks in both fields.

The monopoly aspects of broadcastinghave led to government regulation: firstfor simplificatidn of the airwave situationand to permit the granting of licenses;

Although the certification process in-volves no monetary transactions (itmerely establishes credit for the city withIHUD), the code which establishes itspecifies that the development must becomplementary to the institution's plans;thus, MIT haIs some financial clout in theplanning for Kendall Square.

The planning for the project wasrecently thrown into high gear by adeadline set by ltUD, which requires thecity to have "detailed" plans of theredevelopment ready by February 15,1974, or risk losing continued federalfunding in the area. CRA spokesmanRobert Remer told The Tech that,although the Task Force has yet to reportwith its proposals, the city will be able tomake the deadlines.

"We will have a report ready forthem," Remer said. "It will be a detailedreport, but it will not be final - we can'tsay anything certain until the Task Forcereports."

Institute officials are not quite asoptimistic about the city's ability tocome up with a report that will satisfyHUD in the time-span allowed. SpecialAssistant to the President for Urbanrelations Walter Milne told The Tech,"There's very little chance of them havinga report ready -- if they put every personwith technical expertise in the city looseon this, they couldn't have a tdetailedreport ready by mid-February."

MIT's interestsEven if the CRA can come up with the

report in the time alloted, MIT officialssee another problem caused by the dead-

and increasingly to modify and minimizethe political advantages of owning atelevision and/or radio station. The- fair-ness doctrine and equal-time rule werecreated in hope of allowing access tobroadcasting facilities for all views, espe-cially those of minorities.

Cable television, however, does nothave the severe physical restrictions thatbroadcasting faces. Twenty, thirty, oreven forty channels are easily available tothe cable operator for broadcasting, sothat a license to broadcast does not resultin the near-monopolistic power that theFCC has always feared (never mind thegovernmental monopoly that the FCC hasalways had in the granting of licenses, andwhich has been used for political ends bythis and other Administrations). It wasthis consideration that led to the White-head committee, and Whitehead himself.to recommend that FCC restrictions beremoved from cable television.

There is another reason for regulation,however, that the Whitehead committeeseemed to miss in its recommendations,and which Whitehead personally did notseem at all eager to recognize: that is thatcable is essentially television, and is notdirectly comparable to the print media.Research into the effects of electroniccommunications on life-styles, attitudes,and politics is still being done, but itseems fair to say that there is a significantdifference in the impact of TV news showor TV advertising versus similar presen-tations in print. This distinction - theone that Whitehead fails to make- isprobably the second major reason thatthe FCC regulates access to the airwaves,and insists on equal time for politicalcandidates.

The analogy between print and cable,which misses this distinction, and White-head's backing of the removal of equaltime rules are both signs of an attitudethat could have profound impact onaccess to public opinion in the future.

line HlUD has imposed - the problenm ofrepresenting MIT's interest in the process.The Institute has financial power in theplanning through the funds it has certi-fied, and Milne has stated that he feeisthat the city "would not develop any-thing in the area antithetical to theInstitute's interests;" but MIT officialshave had difficulty getting input fronm theInstitute community on what they feelshould be developed at the KendallSquare site.

"We have a general feeling that peoplewant more shops and stores and restau-rants near MIT," said O. Robert Simha,Director of the MIT IPlanning Office and amember of the Task Force, "but no onehas come up and told us this." MIT'sstance on the process is important,according to Simnha, for many physicalreasons as well as financial, but theInstitute community has not expressedmuch real interest in the area.

There is a feeling now, since thecreation of the Task Force and its CityCouncil mandate to concentrate on blue-collar and non-professional developmentin Kendall Square, that the city might goahead with plans along these lines insteadof considering alternatives. Along withnot having inputs from MIT, Simhapointed out that there is data on Cam-bridge that is not known, such as whetheror not the city could support a blue-collardevelopment. "We need to know thesituation in the city today and to predictwhat it will be in the future," Simniha siad."We don't want to lock into a patternthat will be obsolete before the re-devel-opmnient is even completed."

Although studies done by cable experts,among them one done by Political Sci-ence Professor Ithiel Do Sola Poole, showthat time on a cable station could beavailable at $20 to $60 per hour after thesystems are fully developed, no regulationof rates are planned in the recom-mendations of the report - it would beup to the operator to set his own rates.

Robert Maynard - who, as ombuds-man for the Washington Post (see story,pg 1) deals with many access problems inthe print media - dismissed the report asan instance of "Whitehead elitism," andstated that the print press was a poormodel to follow on access problems."The press in this country has done sucha poor job of allowing access for minorityopinions," he said in a seminar last weekat MIT, "that I sometimes wonder if wearen't protecting the First Amendmetatrights of the newspapers over the FirstAmendment rights of the people." Cable,he felt, would probably go the same way,although he saw more problems withlocal control of the medium than federalcontrol.

ImplementationMost of the telecommunications

experts I spoke with were in fundamentalagreement with the Whitehead report,even on the issue of minority access; but,almost unanimously, they doubted thatthe report would be implemented. Whece-head, in an interview with the New YorkTimes, pointed out the "reverse Midastouch" of the Nixon Administration "inmatters of media;" there is a widespreadfeeling that the suggestions may notmatter at all because there is little possi-bility of legislation based on them passingthrough Congress. Edwin Diamond,visiting lecturer in Political Science,summed it up when he said: "When thereport caine out, I felt no compellingreason to read it quickly. There was afeeling of 'What does it matter'?' It's aterrible thing - but that's the feelingabout the Administration right now."

Continuous News Service

Since 18811'ol. XCIII, :Yo..57 .hmuary 22. 1 974~

Il)i Li ISctcaadic- '74 /:d/l,,r-/~i-'h/c'\,)i;aij , Sa' lc '75 IIAx'II;C'I:1//,

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Kendall Square: redevelping problem

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. I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J,.'. I IWHEFH clt- IAA-rzi -r

THE TECH WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23,1974 PAGE 5

the

drawing by Nea Vial Boya e e6

II

drawing by Neal Vitale Bob Dylan (seepalge 6)

seetlo.A Ib �rr�

PAGE 6 WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23,1974 THE TECH

photo by Tom Klimowicz Bob Dylan and the Band

The times theyhve a-changedby Neal Vitale

It was slightly after 4:30 pm on thefrosty Monday afternoon of January the14th when Bob Dylan followed themembers of the Band onto the stage ofthe even frostier Boston Garden. But thegreeting of a screaming, standing ovationwhich met the former RobertZimmerman from Hibbing, Minnesota,marked what was in fact only the tip ofan iceberg, the final stage of what hadbeen in the works months, perhaps years,earlier.

Undercurrents and rumors of theimpending reuniting of Bob Dylan withthe Band had surfaced sporadically overthe past few years, but there was anoticeable flurry of activity this pastsummer and fall. During the filming ofPat Garrett and Billy the Kid, thequestion was raised as exactly to whomwas Dylan indeed signed. Reportedly, hewas unhappy with CBS, and David Geffenof Elektra/Asylum had been makingoffers from that label' the soundtrack toPat Garrett was released on Columbia,but that turned out to be a simple matterof outbidding for the single album.Various stories filtered down during theearly fall, only to have Dylan's departureto Elektra/Asylumn virtually finalizedwhen Dylan a collection of New Horningvintage outtakes came out - supposedlythat had been a major bargaining tool inCBS's attempt at retaining the legend,with Columbia promising 10ot to release itit' Dylan would re-sign. From there, plansfor a joinllt touLr with the Band (who werefree to record apart from Capitol on anyindividual l)ylan record) developed,proposing a twenty-odd city itinerary andthe possibility of aI new album.

)ecembher 2nd would be the next bigdate in thile linfolding scenario, as on thatdlay. full-page ads in papers aroLund thenation Nwould reveal the mailing addressfo r the mail-order-only ticketapplications. The delLuge beganll. Theinevitable lquestionls wvere bound to beraised as to whether or not tlheDylan/Band fr tour would be the biggestever bhiger than the Beatles'? thanlll.vis.' than thle Stones? ''he first tvwovwere eclipsed eacsily byv the enor-mous

ticket (Iidemaind Stones f'anatics would'rIt I ft o t or t he r hIeroes. hut tlheci't'lllSl'ces otf 1)ylan's retilurnl to thest aIc tihe cci ilt ra Sl/soci ologicali1Cat'lIencs and ii )(portaince. he ei li y eata1bsSe'lluSe. the p'''l ' pir legend

I~~ ~~ e fIf N ,L

m1stitlu.:. tle timlIinuc in regard !o a lull intie msic iSi lndustIN ''lientllCLed that thle. an Iu11a.r\ i" It'. l)rilr 1e b}74 iti 'ou wouildll 11 01 0B11 hi, 1 d I V 1nk < t 11 th iT tS t MItl i 151C1S tciiiot'l cdlv be iel bi...st and moststciiftcant ever.'

3it wouild it ib the blst 1artisticallv ?Bostoln WIS t Ia good poin lat onl the touir --he rotIcless that IInat-redl thIe early

aippLearITances in ('hilcago lhad been workedoLIt. antid it was not far enotigh along intILhe schedutile to fall victim to fatigue.

boredom, and the simple grind of it all.Everyone in attendance expected anamazing concert, and, even for the show'sweaknesses, that was exactly whateveryone got, a performance that wouldlong be remembered -- no matter what.From the opening of "Rainy Day WomenNo. 12 & 35," the emphasis on a tight,chunky rock sound was obvious. TheBand were in fine form, providing what isthe perfect backing for a musician likeBob Dylan. But the changes that wereclear in Dylan's singing style were whatwas particularly surprising. It was BobDylan singing with an unexpectedvengence, veritably spitting out thesyllables as he sang in his astonishinglystrong, rough voice. Traces of Mexicanand black music have progressively creptinto latter-day Dylan, especially in hisvocal style, and they were mostnoticeable at the Garden. But more thanany tinge of newly evident influences wasthe fact that it was a return for Dylan, agetting back to his brand of rock, mixedwith that of the Band, and shot throughthe middle with a bit of solo Dylan.

All toid, the Band and/or Dylanperformed twenty-eight songs in theslightly over two-hour show. They startedtogether for six songs (distinguished bystrong versions of "Tom Thumb's Blues"and "Ballad of a Thin Man;" on thelatter, Dylan switched to piano) beforeDylan left for the first of two sets by theBand. Band-members Levon H-elnm,Richard Manuel, Garth Hudson. RickDanko, and Robbie Robertson were insuperb musical shape. especiallyRobertson (who dazzled in backing Dylanas well) as they played through their onlyslightly varied standard set, a set theyhave stuck to almost intact for at leastfour years. "Chest Fever" was absent. buthighpoints of their total of ten songs were"The Night They Drove Old DixieDown," "I Shall Be Released," and "TheWeight." After their solo set, the Bandwe re rejoined by Dylan for anoutstanding '' All Along TheWatchtower," a strong "Hollis Brown, '"and a good attempt at re-creating a songthat fared best in the studio, "Knockin'On Ileaven's Door," before departing toDylan's terse. "We'll be right back: don'tgo away."

The troubador stance of long-ago wasregained as l)ylan returned after theintermission, wearing clark glasses andharmonica-in-holtder standin, in hisslightly bow-l-egged, bent-knees sillngingposition, accompanying himself onacoustic guitar as he startedl into "TheTimes They .\ e A\-( hanlin'." But quitetLnfortltnatCIlv. the five songs pCerformedlby Bob l)ylan alone cincudinlig "(,alesof 1 den." ")on't Think Twice.' "Justlike A woman." and "It's Alrighl, lMatl'm )Onlv Bleeding)" comprised thilesingle wveakest segment o' the wholeshow. What could well hiave provided themaic. the nllostalic recreationl otf a mlloodihat can. Ilost likely. never be

recaptired, wore painfully thin., ISDLylanl's owni seemling discomfort began tocut tl rough. ''he remainder of the Band'slole lientures follCowedC. then Bolb )ylanreturned for the new "Forever Young."the rather sappy, matiudlin. and preachy

tune off his new record, Planet Waves,seemingly dedicated to his sons. Anothernew number, "Something There Is AboutYou," which employs the same harp riffas "Forver Young" but fares better dueto stronger lyrics, preceded the finale of"Like A Rolling Stone."

If there was to be any one magicalmoment in the afternoon's concert, it hadto be in "Like A Rolling Stone." Morethan at any point, the harshness, and thevengance, of Dylan's singing was setagainst an occasional wide smile to thecrowd, the slight ludicrousness of whathe was singing juxtaposed against towhom he was singing it, became eversoobvious. The - excitement was there,though, as the house lights came on,people stood and clapped, and the closestthing to that sense of early sixtiescommunity was reached. Dylan stood onstage, made one with the audience withall the lights up, snarling out,"Hlow doesit feel/To be on your own/A completeunknown/With no direction home/Like arolling stone?"

It was just lyrics like those, or thewords to the encore of "You Go YourWay, I'll Go Mine," that brought to bear

pie 'o ''. -

photo by Tomn Klimowicz

what essential questions are being raisby the whole Dylan tour, and perha-the way in which Dylan himselfresolving them. He has always said t-his concert is a "hard dose," somethithat, while it is clear that Dylan is rtrying to con anybody, is not all that eato take. It is very difficult to dcleterm-how Dylan views the whole ideatouring - on one hand there is that pastar consciousness and the mystiquesuper-success; on the other. there are texpectations of a "message,"exultation of a "messiah" (which overll_some of the superstardom ramificationDylan's own denial of being a "saviou-and hope for some sort of revitalizati-by a man1 that did it once. land has sin-done litte (in the last three-to-five yearIt all makes for a confusin a.

ambiguous set of appraisals.In particular, the afitcncw,,, con)cr-

the Garden was attended by , very youcrowd, as much curious high schoolers,.fact more so, as older. hard-core Dyvfans. The climate of society has changso much in his eight year absctnse asmake some of what he was saying seepainfully outdated. "Like A Rol.

Stone" was the primary case in pointthe rebelliousness and burgeoning coun_culture Dylan was addressing whenwrote that certain song has now eiti?withered in the face of setbacks a-apathy or else been inculcated into theart of American society. Consideritoday's cultural environment and tsensibilities of so many of thoseattendance (limited if only by age acertain experiences), Dylan's pointedfocusing those remarks to all of uswhole generation that could at one po-take heart with the words and tryemulate that life-style seems so terribhollow.

By any standardIs, Monday, Janua14, 1974 will be remembered as a mcextraordinary concert. Sadly, though, tfact that Bob Dylan will never againable to recapture his social significantthat he will never be the force he onwas (and as no one may ever be) weither accompany that rememberanwith a rather wistful tinge, much liwhat touches thoughts of missed and lcopportunities, or else never evenconsidered by those who never sharthose feelings of "what could have beerIt is with more than just a bitresignation that Bob Dylan closes his ficoncert in Boston in nearly a decade w-the sentiment of "You'll Go Your WLI'll Go Mine."

Bob DylaI

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THE TECH WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23 ,1974 PAGE 7

rig,atni the effectS

By Jules MollereSy 1974 will definitely be a year

of recession, according to PaulA.- Samuelson, Institute Pro-

o)f fessor of Economics.ofe In predicting the year of re-

he cession, Samuelson directly con-flicted with most of the fore-

P casts issued prior to Octobers )'

first of last year. "None of thesepredictions made any big eventof the 'energy crisis,"' stated

cc Samuelson.i. ~ He expressed these beliefs in

a recent seminar on "The Energyt Crisis and the State of the

at Economy," along with Lester C.Thurow, Professor of Manage-ment and Economics, and Paul

an W . MacAvoy,. Professor ofto Management.

Samuelson forecasts a 2/2percent drop in the Gross

ing National Product (GNP) for the

first two quarters of the year,er with a rise of 2/3 of one percent

ier during the third quarter and aLfinal deficit of ¼4 of one percent

he for the year as a whole. Hie alsorg predicted that a worse rate ofhe inflation will he prevalent, within a rise in the consumer price

index of 7 or 8 percent whileid unemployment reaches approxi-Y mately 6 1/3 percent by the enda of the year.

nt "Most of the other forecasts

ly showed a drop of the growthrate below four percent which ispar for the long run," Samuelson

ry said, "But those who predicted aist recession or a definite decrease

be in growth were greatly in theminority."

Thurow limited himself toce the "Energy Crisis" in generalill and deemed it "a minor blip ince the face of human events. Theke only way to look at the Energy

t Crisis properly is to see howmuch, in terms of huma-n labortime, it has taken to produceone BTUJ of energy throughouthistory. If one were to plot this

rst as a graph, one would see thatt the amount of labor needed has

Y, steadily decreased withn u m e rous b u t smallfluctuations."

"Now, in 1958 the PersianGulf oilfield was discovered,"Thurow continued, "Thus theonly thing the embargo ofPersian Oil has done is to put us

; of the ene.back on the old trend line."

In response to this, Samuel-son asked Thurow what hewould consider major. "If thisjust throws us back to 1958 andwe therefore shoudn't botherourselves with it, then whatshould we worry about? I wouldconsider being thrown back to1958 a major catastrophe of themodern economy."

Thurow said that NewEngland will pay more than itsfair share of the cost of theenergy crisis and therefore wefeel an initial bit of pain beforefuel prices settle down. He em-phasized that the real problemstems from large shifts in priceand not from the actual pricethat one has to pay.

According to MacAvoy, theextent of the fuel shortage pre-dicted for the first quarter of1974 is decreasing hourly. "Ifone takes forecasts of shortagesand plots them against their dateof issue, one can see that there isa definite lessening of the num-ber of' barrels we are supposed tobe short. The June 1973 forecastpredicted a shortage ot 4 millionbarrels. while January of thisyear shows us missing only 1'/2m il li on. Extrapolating thesepoints one might even get asmall surplus."

MacAvoy presented fourpossible reasons for this be-havior. According to him theArab embargo is leaking out-rageously. "We're getting a largeamount of Arab oil from Canadaand Venezuela. Also, up untilrecently we've been havingtemperatures like Florida usedto have and Florida has beenhaving weather like we normallydo. This of course lessensdemand."

MacAvoy said that we canlive with the Energy Crisis butthat it will require smaller cars,more insulation, better govern-ment regulation of the oil in-dustry and more precise controlsof import prices. This lastmeasure was in reference to thepossibility raised earlier of ex-clusion of Persian oil from theUnited States in order to makethe production of synthetic oileconomically feasible. As a

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MondayBasketball (lvIV) Howard, aw

Wednesday, Jan 30Basketball (MV'JV/F) Bowd0awayGymnastics (MV) Plymol-State, awayHockey (V) Nichols, home, 71Squash (V) Bowdoin, awayTrack (V) Colby, home, 6pnWrestling (V) BC @ BU

WednesdayHockey (V) Wesleyan, away

FridaySkiing (V) Franklin Pierce Carni-val, awayTrack (V) Coast Guard, home,6pmrWrestling (V, JV/F) WPT, home,6pm (JV/!F), 7:30 (V)

SaturdayBasketball (MV) Queens, home,8:15prmFencing (V) Dartmouth, home,2pmGymnastics (MV,WV) Yale,home, 2pmHockey (V) Holy Cross, home,7pmSkiing (V) Franklin Pierce Carni-val, awaySquash (V) Stony Brook, home,4pmSwimming (MV) Williams, away

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Alpine skier John Nabelek '74 blasts through the gates in the slalom. Photo by Helge B/aalancl

Sunday Feb. 3, 8 pm

GARY BU RTO N QUARTETIn Concert

BOSTON PHILHARMONIA ORCHESTF

ph,

h BACH STRAVINSKY BURTONLast weekend in the first

four-event meet of the season,MIT skiers finished fifth amongthe ski teams of WindhamCollege, Colby, Bowdoin, Yale,St. Michaels, Keene State, andFranklin Pierce College. Themeet, which consisted of slalom,giant slalom, jumping, and cross-country competition, was heldat Windham College in Putney,Vermont.

Despite several difficulties,the alpine team skied well in its

first competition of the season,Debby Stein '76, a top alpinecompetitor, was unable toattend the meet, and Gary Ruf'75 skied the giant slalom withan ankle injury sustained earlier.John Nabelek '74 carried MIT inthe giant slalom with a strong5th place finish. Nabelek washeaded for a 2nd place overall inthe slalom when a fall cost himthe race. Drew Jaglom '74, ErnieBrown '75, and Peter Horowitz'76 also skied strongly in the

alpine competition.The results of the nordic

competition were somewhatmore encouraging with MITtaking first place in the tenkilometer cross-country race andthird place in the jumping com-petition. Captain Scott Weigle'74 finished first overall in thecross-country with a time of40:03 and Bob Collier '74 tookfourth place with a time of41:13. Tom Gaskin '76 andNabelek also skied a fast tenkilometers in spite of waxingdifficulties due to marginal snowconditions.

In the jumping competitionEvan Schwartz '75 took a sixthplace with jumps of 79 and 81feet and Weigle took eighthplace with jumps of 80 and 81feet. The jumping effort washurt by the absense of topjumper Collier who sprained hisankle in a practice jump.

The team will be skiing nextweekend at the Keene StateCarnival in Keene, NewHampshire. With all skiers pres-ent and no injuries, coach BillMorrison anticipates an overallteam score several places higherthan that of past weekend.

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jHandicapped by injuries, MIT

wrestling team's record isslipping as it approaches theseason's halfway mark.

The team's most severely in-jured player is senior Bob Gahl,who will be out the rest of theseason with a canrilage injuryincurred during practice. Beforethe injury, Gahl had posted a 3-3record in the 150 pound class.At 167, Fred Linderman '74,out for the team only a week,was severely injured in practiceand is also out for the rest of theseason. Erland Van Lidthe deJeude '76, the team's 330 poundheavyweight wrestler, has beenhampered by both shoulder andknee injuries.

In a triangular meet lastSaturday, MIT was defeated byboth Harvard and Coast Guard,31-6 and 30-16 respectively. In-juries before the meet had re-quired a reshuffling of the lineupfor the meet.

Team captain Ed Hanley '74brought his record up to 8-0when he pinned his opponentfrom Coast Guard in 6:30 andposted a 16-12 win against IHar-vard. Captain Rich Hartman `74decided to wrestle in the 150pound class instead of his usualspot at 142), but was unable tomaintain his 142 pound recordof 3-1-1, losing to both CoastGuard and Harvard.

Freshman Joe Scire stood infor Hartman at 142 and foughttwo superb matches againsttough competition. Scire lost hisfirst bout to Coast Guard 1-0.and then went on to hold hisHarvard opponent to a 14-5decision. The 142 pounderfromCoast Guard was pinned byHarvard's wrestler.

At 177, Joe Tavormina '76,who has been fighting a knee

injury, pinned his Coast Guardopponent in 6:23, bringing hisrecord to 4-1-1. At 118, JackMosinger '75 scored four nearfalls on his way to a 22-6superior decision against CoastGuard. Heavyweight Van Lidthede Jeude won a close 5-4decision over Harvard, bringinghis record to 2-5. On JV, JohnThain '77 pinned a 150 pounderfrom Coast Guard in 2:29 andRandy Wilson '77 won a matchover Coast Guard 10-6.

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PICTURING, MODELING,AND REPRESENTING:

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The Possible Worlds of Art: DeviantPerspectives and How to Get Away withThem. _