Buckling of Ship Structure

8/10/2019 Buckling of Ship Structure

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IDP ON BUCKLING EFFECT

S H A N T I L A L S H A H E N G I N E E R I N G C O L L E G E Page 1

SHANTILAL SHAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE

An Industrial defined project

SUB: INDUSTRIAL DEFINED PROJECT ONBUCKLING EFFECT ON SHIP STRUCTURE

YEAR - 2012-2013

PREPARED BY: GUIDED BY :

AHIR NITIN M. PROF. B.M.TRIVEDI (MECH. DEPT.)

EN. NO. : 090430119081

VAIDYA NISHANT

EN.NO. : 090430119408


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Shantilal Shah Engineering College, Bhavnagar

Mechanical Engineering2012

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled BUCKLING EFFECT ON SHIP

STUCTUREhas been carried out by AHIR NITIN M. & VIDYA NISHANT R.

under my guidance in fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering

Mechanical Engineering (7th Semester) of Gujarat Technological University,

Ahmadabad during the academic year 2012-13.

Guides:Mr. HARESH AHIR

Internal guide Head of the Department

Mr. B.M.TRIVEDI Mr. T.I.KATHAVALA

Internal Examiner External Examiner


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PROBLEM/PROJECT

CAUSES OF THE BUCKLING EFFECT OBSERVED IN THE

HULL PART OF THE SHIP

DICIPLINARY | INTER-DICIPLINARYMECHANICAL/MECHANICAL

DISCIPLINE/S

STUDENT PARTICULARS

NAME MOBILE NO EMAIL ID

1. AHIR NITIN

MADHU BHAI

9638115310 [email protected]

2. VAIDYA NISHANT

RAJIVBHAI

9428997758 [email protected]

COLLEGE NAME SHANTILAL SHAH ENGINEERING COLLEGECOLLEGE CODE 043

BRANCH MECHANICALENGINEERING

SEMESTER 7th

YEAR 2012-13

TEAM CODE ( to

be given by the

institute )

13

SIGNATURE OF

STUDENTS

(TEAM MEMBERS)
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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GTU INNOVATION COUNCIL

SELF-DECLARATION (by a student/ team of students) of each IDP/UDP

(This has to be attached along with IDP/UDP report while submitting to the departments in hard

copy)

SELF-DECLARATION (by a student/ team of students)

I/we AHIR NITIN MADHUBHAI , VAIYDA NISHANT RAJIVBHAI (Name of

student/students),the student(s) of MECHANICAL Branch /enroll number _090430119081

,090434119408 enrolled at SHANTILAL SHAH ENGG. COLLEGE(college name) hereby certify and

declare the following:

I/we have defined my/our project based on input at SHIP-BUILDING OF L&T

( users name / industry/any other user like faculties or any other organizations) and each

of us will make significant efforts to make attempt to solve the challenges . I /we

will attempt the project work at my college or at any location under the direct and

consistent monitoring of B.M.TRIVEDI (guides name/industry/user) . We shall adopt

all ethical practices to share credit amongst all the contributors based on their

contributions during the project work. (We will work on the project Work under the direct

and consistent monitoring of Industry mentors and Faculty Guides)

I /we have not purchased the solutions developed by any 3rd

party directly and the

efforts are Made by me/us under the guidance of guides.

The project work is not copied from any previously done projects directly. (The same

problem can be attempted done in new ways.)

The project work submitted by me/us is prepared by me/us and I/we fully

understand the Contents. We will make best efforts to solve the problems given by the

user/ industry. If the Project is in relay model (kho-kho) we will share credits with the initial

contributors.

SHIP-BUILDING,L&T (Name of industry) to the best of my knowledge is agenuine industry , engaged in the professional service/social organizations I/we

understand and accept that the above declaration if found to be untrue, it can result in

punishment /cancellation of project definition to me/we including failure in the subject of

project work.


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INDEX :

Sr.No DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 9

2 ABSTRACT 10

3 PREFACE 11

4 INTRO. ABOUT COMPANY 12

5 DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM 18

6 VARIOUS CAUSES 19

7 LITERATURE REVIEW 26


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It really gives a great pleasure and deep satisfaction in presenting this report of our project

work as a part of B.E. course arranged in order to gain the practical knowledge in system

development.

We take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to several people with whose help

and encouragement, we have been able to complete this project rather successfully.

We express a deep sense of gratitude to our project guide Mr. B.M.TRIVEDI (Project

Guide), for his guidance, valuable suggestions and continuous encouragement, without which the

project would not have been a success.

We are also thankful to the staff members of the organization, for the help they extended

towards us.

We are also extremely grateful to our H.O.D. Mr. T. I. KATHAVALA for invaluable

guidance and encouragement in developing the project and all other faculties because their

constructive suggestions, valuable inspiration and motivation encouraged us throughout the project.

With Sincere Regards,

Ahir Nitin M.

Vaidya Nishant R.


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ABSTRACT

It gives me great pleasure in placing in the hands of our esteemed faculties this individual

report which, we believe, will go through the documentation of the project work done by us.

Unfortunately investment castings defect happen much more than they should.

This project provides an extensive study of investment casting defect detection in industrial

enterprises. This white paper also provides solutions to investment casting defect and advises

towards prevention of investment casting defect to improve overall product quality, reduce

costs, and enhance customer satisfaction.


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PREFACE

Student age is unique due to the process or learning, self development and personality

enrichment. Training is the most important feature in todays engineering. It helps us to

develop technical and communication skill.

Training is the first step of student towards the giant industrial world. It is the introduction to

the industrial world. Due to lack of training between the actual performance and accepted

performance occur, which the proper industrial training can bridge.

Theoretical knowledge is part of million of practical knowledge. Training provides detail

study of equipment design, plant instrumentation and man machine management

coordination.

During the plant training we can know that with knowledge you know only words. With

experience you know meanings.

According to this we can completed industrial training in Larsen And Toubro, Hajira

Ltd.(Shipbuilding). We are lucky to get valuable training in Larsen And Toubro, Hajira

Ltd.


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INTRODUCTION

Its all about Imagineering

L&T,a brand name known to the whole world for its marvelous extraordinary service is a dream for

many. Its all about Imagineering the new tag line of L&Tis the blend of two words Imagine

and Engineeringand L&T makes something that one can only imagine.

In this age of cutting edge technologies, the scenario of the race for the technology is like the

more we try to chase the horizon; the more difficult it becomes to maintain the pace. And till they

hope to overrun the horizon survives, newer technologies will keep on emerging.

Prior to this, the tag line wasWe makethe things that make India Proud. They really

make those things that our motherland is proud of. This organization has excelled in every field be it

Engineering, Construction, IT, Machinery, Electrical etc. and now they are stepping ahead with Ship

Building.


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HISTORY

What began in 1938 with two Danish engineers and a dream is

today Indias largest multidimensional engineering and

Construction Company.

In 1938,Henning Holck Larsenand Soren K.

Toubroset up a partnership in a small office in downtown

Mumbai (then Bombay). They marked Danish dairy equipments.

A year later, when World War II broke out, the fledging Companys genius for innovation came to

the fore. It began to make the products it used to import.

In 1945, L&T was appointed dealer of Caterpillar, the American earthmoving machinery

giant. In 1946, the firm became a limited company, and soon a nationwide network of office was set

up. The wheels of growth, which would propel the company to its position of distinction, had been

set into motion. And long before mission statements became industry buzzwords, L&T had set out a

charter for itself, the company would meet the needs of Indias emerging core sector. Side by side,

the business philosophy laid emphasis on customer service.

In Service Lies Success was enshrined as a corporate motto. L&T steadily climbed the list

of the top 200 Indian companiesfrom 72 in 1966 to 25 in 1973. By then, it had developed a vast

repertoire of skills and a reputation for high quality goods and services.

Over the years this partnership firm started growing, driven by the vision of its founders. It

got converted into a private limited company in 1946 and later acquired the status of a limited

company in 1950. During the year 1974, Mr. Henning Holck-Larsen handed over the companys

baton to its first Indian CEO & MD, Mr.N.M.Desai.


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CURRENT SCENARIO

L&T have now come a long way from little office in Mumbai of 1938. Presently, their

offices are spread around the globe. During the last 3 decades, the company maintained its robust

growth and grew from strength to strength. It presently has a strong reputation for the quality of its

products and reliability of its services. It enjoys market dominance, and holds a leadership position

in India in most of the areas in which it operates. In India, they have a visible and vibrant presence.

Some of Indias most complex industrial equipment carries the L&T mark of excellence. But some

things havent changed. Their core values and unshakable belief was that if we keepadding value tothe customer, he would keep coming back to us.

Larsen & Toubro Limited is India's largest engineering and construction conglomeratewith

additional interests in IT, cement and electrical business. It is a technology-driven engineering and

construction organization, and one of the largest companies in India's private sector. In April 1999,

the present CEO& MD, Mr.A.M.Naiktook over the reins of the Company.

With factories and offices located around the country, further supplemented by a

comprehensive marketing and distribution network, L&T enjoys an image and equity in virtually

every district of India.

The Company has an international presence, with a global spread of offices and joint

ventures with world leaders. L&Ts large technology base and pool of experienced personnel enable

it to offer integrated services in world markets.

L&T is consistently expanding the magnitude, scope and range of its operations to offer

value-addition to client and shareholder alike. With its unique strengthstechnological

sophistication, quality consciousness, and top-class manpowerL&T strides into the future,

confident of conquering the challenges ahead.


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L&T Profile

Market capital:Rs 50,000 crore

Turnover: Rs 20,000 crore

Manufacturing facilities: 20 locations

Sales office: Countrywide

L&T is engaged in six principle business segments, and enjoys market dominance in all of them-

Engineering and construction

Electrical and electronics equipments

Construction equipments.

Heavy engineering

Communication

Information technology

Ship Building

L&T distribution and service outreach underlines its strong customer orientation. The network

extends to virtually in the country. Business activities are organized under four self-reliant Strategic

Business Units (SBUs), each specializing in the different products lines. They meet the needs of

vital industries: chemical, petrochemical, refinery, fertilizer, oil and gas, power, steel and manmade

fiber. Plant and equipment are designed and manufactured to customers specifications and various

international codes.


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NETWORKS OF OFFICES AND WORKS

The presence of L&T nationwide can be observed here. It covers almost the whole of

India.L&T has manufacturing facilities at 20 locations in India. Continuing investment in upgrading

facilities has resulted in a technology base on par with the best in the industry worldwide. All the

factories have secured ISO 9001 and other certifications of the highest class.

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

L&T manufactures products and provides services related to the following:

Aerospace Equipment

Bulk Material Handling

Cement & Allied Machinery

Chemical Plants

Cogeneration and Captive Power

Construction Equipment

Construction Services

Control & Automation Systems

Cutting Tools

Electrical & Electronics

Eutectic & Welding

Fertilizer, Petrochemical & Heat Transfer Equipment

Hydrocarbon & Related Projects

Hydraulic Equipment

Industrial Valves & Allied Products

Information Technology

Iron & Steel Castings

Mining & Construction Machinery

Nuclear Power Plant Equipment


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DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM :-

1)

BUCKLING EFFECT :

In science, bucklingis a mathematical instability, leading to a failure mode. Theoretically,

buckling is caused by a bifurcation in the solution to the equations of static equilibrium. At a

certain stage under an increasing load, further load is able to be sustained in one of two states

of equilibrium: an undeformed state or a laterally-deformed state.

In practice, buckling is characterized by a sudden failure of a structural member subjected to

high compressive stress, where the actual compressive stress at the point of failure is less

than the ultimate compressive stresses that the material is capable of withstanding. For

example, during earthquakes, reinforced concrete members may experience lateral

deformation of the longitudinal reinforcing bars. This mode of failure is also described as

failure due to elastic instability. Mathematical analysis of buckling makes use of an axial

load eccentricity that introduces a moment, which does not form part of the primary forces to

which the member is subjected. When load is constantly being applied on a member, such as

column, it will ultimately become large enough to cause the member to become unstable.

Further load will cause significant and somewhat unpredictable deformations, possibly

leading to complete loss of load-carrying capacity. The member is said to have buckled, to

have deformed.

2) EFFECT ON SHIPS :

Stiffened plates are basic structural components of ships and submarines. These structures are

designed with generous safety margins against overall collapse triggered by buckling, The

object is to analyze and determine how this hull part of the ship can be protected by thestresses caused due to the buckling effect Bending of the hull structure if the ship is the main

result of the buckling effect. The hull structure may be bent in the inward or the outward

direction. Now there are various reasons for the buckling effect to get introduced in the hull

part and also the other possible parts in the ship.


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VARIOUS CAUSES:

1) Design Problem

2)

Improper welding

3) Lack of proper positioning of saddle

4)

Uneven Loading

5) Hydro/Wind turbulence


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Design problem:

This is one of the main factors which results into the buckling effect of the ship.

When it is decided to manufacture the ship the first thing which is looked upon

or taken into consideration is the design of the ship.

During the designing process taken that the improper ratio of the height of the

ship to the thickness of the plates may result into buckling of the hull part.

Also the support which are laid under the hull part of the ship are placed at

uneven distance which may lead to development of unbalanced stresses resulting

into buckling.

Figure 1


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Improper Welding :

Due to improper welding in the various parts of the hull structure and the related support

parts the welded portion may not obtain the required mechanical strength which may resultinto its failure resulting into the buckling effect.

Various factors resulting into improper welding :

1) Lack of knowledge and skill in the labour.

2) Improper layer of welding.

3) Not using the required grade of the electrode

4) Not using proper welding method (using gas welding instead of arc welding)

Figure 2


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Lack of proper positioning of saddle :

During the manufacturing of the ship once the hull part is constructed, for the construction of

the inner parts the whole hull structure is required to be put on saddles.

Now during this preoutfitting work which is carried out inside the hull part it is of great

importance to maintain the proper distance between two saddles as at that time there is lot of

uneven loading inside hull part.

Not maintaining proper distance between the saddles may result into buckling viz. the place

where the distance between two saddle decrease may bend inwards and the place where the

distance between two saddles increase s may bend outwards.

Figure 3


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Uneven Loading :

After the completion of the ship building it is ready to go for work. Now during its working

according to the type of ship load is placed into it.

If it is a cargo ship then tons of cargo is placed into it and if it is a passenger ship then there

is load of people and luggages.

Now during the loading care should be taken that the load is properly and evenly distributed

on the cargo deck if the weight increases at one point and decreases at the other then due to

this uneven loading it may cause buckling.


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Documents

Buckling of Ship Structure