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CLASSICS a/6ut,«M

\n hour before sunset on on 1tered the little town of 0.

beginning of October, ISIS,

moment

‘’The door opened and the traveler entered, o rough, tired. fierce look io his eves —n-.— ■ .r ■.■

when I reached this place I went to an inn and they sent me away on account of my yellow passport which I had shown at the mayor's office, as was necessary. It was the same everywhere. Then a good woman showed me your house. Can I stay?

Valjean. I om a convict, n the galleys. Four days set free, y ■■

MISERABLE!

' the bishop's requet <er plates and candl • placed upon the to

austere household.

worm yourself, going fo take presently, and

| fter dinner the bishop ted Jeon Votjeon they were passing through the bishop's r

? silver in the cupboard. n to

te alcove where he was to sleep. As. Madame Mog/oire wos putting up

7 was not 0 murderer. He Vs widowed sister and th Jean had no work, the

hiidren. One year

baker pursued the thief and caught r. It was Jean Vatican_

W night, a baker in Faverolles was going to bed when he heard a vio- t blow against the barred window of shop He got down in time to see

arm thrust through the opening. The 1 seized a loaf of bread.

feon Votjean was brought before tribunals and found guilty. his sentence

miserabi.es

red o whole hour. Then ; feet, tumbled In his

Voljeon awoke. knapsack for stealthy steps

the cupboord in the would bring ot least

two hundred francs.

Te found it unlatched. Hi advanced to the bishop's bed and stood looking down at him

• passed quickly

7 with hasty stride, took his stick a) across the garden, leaped over the

CLASSICS S/iM/taUd

gendarmes brought Jean Votjean

tongue

back. The bishop brought the two candlesticks to hit

are your candle-

US MISERABLES

thicket.

r to flight. AH Jeon Vatjean forty-sous piece.

CLASSICS WUhaM

§0 he became Monsieur the Mayor, "honored and adored by all. One man atone held himself clear of this admiration. His name was Javert, and he was one of the police.

l\obody Javert

'The whole weight of cart rested unon the

CLASSICS Sffmhafmf

Jffonsieur Madeleine became pale. Meanwhile},

gs $ i UfHI

'They all rusted to the work. The cart was tiffed. Otd Fauchetevent was safe.

Monsieur Madeleine arose. He was very pate and covered with mud, but he

looked with a tranquil eye upon Jovert, who was slitf watching him.

iU

CLASSICS

who hod entered a few stepped forward. r*~ ~s:

Why, you ore the couse of all this I You turned me away frotn your workshop I Then I could not earn enough, and all

Monsieur Madeleine went home and passed irMthe night in a torment of indecision. At five o'clock in the morning he started for Arras. It teas nearly eight in the evening when he arrived. —rgri.;#.,, j

Monsieur, where is BS Do you see those four the court house? lighted windows? They

°n evenin9

I'i ffis eyes went toward o man sitting between two gendarmes. |

MIS The time hod come for dosing the cdse. M It was evident that the man was tost. Monsieur Madeleine rose. , ■■ ■--—

H Gentlemen, release the accused. He is not the man whom you seek; IB it is I. I om Jean Voljeon. IsM

and returned home, da vert m as he was visiting Fantine,

Monsieur t Mayor!

started upright, then sank suddenly

CLASSICS MUhc

Suddenly a men was dis¬ covered clambering up the

rigging. It was Jean Voijean.

The topman not before he

1 withdrawn six seven thousand

J'hen he slid down the M rigging and started to run along a lower yard. Suddenly, the throng uttered a thrilling outcry—the convict had fallen into the sea.

himself down had brought

CLASSICS M

entered Paris at nightfall, and went lonely part cf the city.

"kind old friend, and all of Jean Vol, affection was attracted toward the ch one night he heard someone coming

W Valjean went to the street looked carefully up and dowi

MISERABLE5

JWtt despairing gaze en¬ countered the tamp post nd the rope which raised 7d towered the tamp. He a oft and tied it around./

Cosette.

touched Cosette's honds\ 'ley were icy. He shook She did not woke.

ITe found himself in a sort **of garden. He took Cosette into a shed and wrapped her in his coot. She fell asleep. Suddenly a noise made him

Madeleine!

Worms sow a filthy den in whic 'writing to benevolent persons irity. Then " ' " elder daughter appeared.

IE5 MISERABLES

fosette stepped into the '-'room and laid a package on the tobte. ganamm

I After they went out.

■f*Jondrette walked up and down with rapid strides.

Monsieur, you will find in this package some new clothes, some stockings and some

blankets,

MM IffM My ‘benefactor! But HW tomorrow, if. I do

?, rM pay the rent, we §3§9HBj will be driven into ■PUf the street. I owe KvjJIJ f°r 0 year. That is

ill oil mw

It was eight yeors ogo, but ' I recognize him! And the .................

I come this evening. I will get ..,,... , .......... „ i

CLASSICS

1 Mforius V* down from ,he bureau as quietly as he

tie found a police inspected Marius placed his bond MMand related his oduei^wl !’Mon the iotch of the door

11 must put my foot on these u wretches, f-ryi

Go bock home ond fill n By the way, if you need me watch. I will be out- HI II between now and then, .« | .. . ... ... r.

Marius returned to his room and resumed 1 ™his place at his observatory. When six o'clock struck, the door of the Jondrette den opened, and Jean Vaijean walked in.

\AZZ ZiLnZZ Z-JZ'ZZZJ

f /4 '/ *'• "■' ’ • This is for your |H God reword you, my rent ond your HWI generous benefactor, pressing wonts. llffm.'JI Ml Hi}/ /ill"'"M-sS

iUpKI' F^«(i v: llll# v |2

A struggle commenced. Jean Vatjeon disappeared under the horrible group

of bandits like a wild boor under a howhnt | pack of hounds. |||||)| B|. tfe —~ZSj3—

After Jovert had carried away his **prisoners, Marius left the house. He hod for a moment seen the young girt he loved, onty to have her swept away. Then one day he passed an overgrown garden in a deserted part of Paris and sow her.

they began to talk. They co. ' that was most hidden and 'rious in themselves Finally..

'Thereafter, Marius come M every evening. Jean Vb/jean suspected nothing. Yet he fell dangers around him. The police hod become very active and suspicious, and he hod seen Thenordier, who was out

grandfather. When he I jht hours later, Cosette I

TTe found a keg of powder, "glided along the borricade, put the keg down, and seized

Thuring the two months of joy Mi **Cosette, an insurrection against been gathering. That day, it had b Conflict. Barricades were being thr hastened to one defended by som. When he reached it, the fighting hot.

is came for you your lodging.

Cosette. Tonight,

ike to Cosette. Jean Vatjean.

Rue de la Chanvrer

•h man now resumed artillery appeared, g

1 'The whole barricade flashed fire. An ovoloi Msmoke covered the gun and the soldiers. i

But the gunner began to point **his cannon at a break in the borricode with the gravity of on astronomer adjusting a telescope. 1. , '

m Tb^arge took place with the feorfu,\ cphe only mattress was outside the

-*barricade. Jean Vatjean went out, passed through a storm of balls, picked up the mattress and returned to the barricade.

I ,

IES MISERABLES

Te re-entered the barricade. Suddenly 'the drum beat the charge. The attack s a hurricane. There was assault after

' that instant so fierce Jean Valjean disappear

of a house and stop in

ETe perceived an iron grating ta and level with the ground. To /

descend with Marius on his back, a foothold on the flagged surface below the ground, required but a fe

ETe resolutely entered into the darkness. f-*He went forward seeing nothing, kndwing nothing, plunged into chance.

outlet?

drew dose to the wall. The patrol I Dehmd him flamed a sort of horrible "Behind the star were eight or ten b forms, straight, indistinct, terrible.

*resumed its march, leaving Jeon VOijeon

Jean Vaijean resumed his advance, which became more and more laborious. He fell I **tt>at he was entering the water, and that he had under his feet no longer pave - 1 mem, but mud, ||

— , —-

JJe soon hod the mire half-knee deep, | "and water above'' his knees. \

JJe sank in deeper and deeper. The water "come to his waist, to his armpits .

He now had only his head out of water, and his arms supporting Marius.

mil

CLASSICS Jean VOtjeon clenched the bars and shook ^ 'them. The grating did not stir. He dropped] pan the pavement. His head sank between

Vo/jeon found himself outside. Suddenly],

been following Thenardier.

was terrible .

Jean Valjean showed Javert carried

• carriage, Marius Valjean retu

Inspector

lean Vat jean's confession left Marius com- 'pleteiy unhinged. He felt a certain horror

former convict.

building colled the doctor.

eon Voljean,

VICTOR HUGO

Ten years later, Hugo was elected to the French Academy, one of the highest honors a French writer can receive. He continued to write plays and poetry, in time produc-

, writer before or after him. Today, he is generally considered France’s greatest poet.

When the empire of Napoleon III fell in 1870, Victor Hugo returned to France. Hugo was sixty-eight years old. His exile had lasted nineteen years. Fame, honor and a seat in the French senate were his until his death in 1885. His funeral was one of the largest of the century in Paris.

CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

chant called at his friend’s lodgings. The

ow. How [? There

answer. Both the merchant and the prefect knew that a man imprisoned under a lettre de cachet had no way of gaining his release. He might stay shut away for the rest of his life without ever learning why he had been

In France, until a few years before the

of the safety of a citizen’s life or property. There were few laws limiting, the punish-

be put to death for stealing a penny’s worth

is property was taken

decided whether or not a crime had actually been committed. Since there were few laws explaining what a crime was, the judge had

to persuade him to confess. If he broke down under torture and admitted the crime, he was at the mercy of the court. If he insisted

used by the public prosecutor was not nec¬ essarily shown to the defendant.

If the man was convicted, the punishment was harsh. The death sentence was often given. If a judge was merciful, he might instead send the convicted man to the galleys

*1 lord. If, a!

in great profits by con

part, of his property. Mild eluded a term of years in th ing, branding, flogging, or e paym«

In the eighteenth century, public opinion against such injustice was roused by men like Voltaire. They spoke out against the punish-

innocent. They showed how horrible and use¬ less torture was in bringing about justice.

During the early years of the French Rev-

were not corrected at all. Not until 1804 did

THE BOY WHO HATED WASHING

AROUND the beginning of the nineteenth century, young boys in American vil¬

lages and towns were expected to help with the family wash. It was a dreary business. You had to bang away at dirty clothes which were soaking in hot, soapy water. One boy, in Peekskill, New York.grew tired of the weekly chore. He decided to do some¬ thing about it. He invented a sort of washing machine which made his own work easier, and got the clothes cleaner in less time than it took to wash them by hand.

Cooper, was apprenticed to a coachmaker. Cooper had little formal education, but he was talented at working with machines. He was always tinkering with things, trying to get them to work better. Some of his schemes were wild ideas that never amount¬ ed to anything. But others were very clever. His employer, the coachmaker, actually bought one which improved the attachment of wheel hubs to carriages.

Young Peter Cooper tried a number of trades. He worked as a machinist, a cabinet maker and a grocer. In 1821, he bought his own business-a glue factory. He went about improving the manufacture of glue in a very

was earning $100,000 a year. Luck and his own cleverness combined to

make Cooper’s business grow. In 1828, he bought land in the city of Baltimore be¬ cause he thought that the railroad that was going to be built there would make the city wealthy. But progress on the road came to a standstill. George Stephenson, the English railroad expert, told the line’s directors that no steam locomotive would ever work on the Baltimore and Ohio. Along the road

the track. Cooper, to protect his investments, an¬

nounced to the president of the railroad that

which could take the curve. And he did. The General Tom Thumb, Cooper’s invention,

an American railroad. To build it, Cooper used spare wheels, a steam engine he in¬ vented himself, a special boiler, and when he could find no other iron pipes, the barrels of two muskets.

At first, the little locomotive was beset with difficulties. Parts broke or were stolen, and in a famous speed race, the Tom Thumb took second place behind a fast gray horse. But it did run, and the success of the railroad was secured.

By these and other ventures, Cooper be¬ came a millionaire. He helped to develop the American iron industry and played an important part in the laying of the Atlantic cable.

But in addition to making a great deal of money for himself, Cooper wanted to do something for other people. He supported compulsory public school education, headed a committee to improve New York City’s water supply and advocated the founding of a free milk dispensary for children. In 1859, he opened Cooper Union, a night school in New York City where people who had to work but wished to study- might come to learn without having to pay any tuition. He helped to design the building, which has a cylindrical elevator that is still in use.

When Cooper was eighty-five years old, he ran for President of the United States on a ticket supporting government regulation of the railroads, a civil service and govern-

ployed. He received only one per cent of the vote, but the platform he proposed has since been accepted as part of the laws of the United States.

Peter Cooper died on April 4, 1883, at

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