Building a Resource Efficient and Zero Waste City

Experience of Kitakyushu City

Hiroshi Imanaga, Deputy Mayor

City of Kitakyushu, Japan

UNCRD / UN DESA Side Event at ｔhe Second Meeting of the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development

Promoting Resource Efficiency for Sustainable Urban Development7 July 2014

1

OECD Green Cities Programme

Successful waste management: Japan has one of the lowest

rates for municipal waste production among OECD countries,

1.03kg per person per day (2008), and Kitakyushu produces

less than half that amount, 506g per person per day (2009).

Paris, France Chicago, U.S.A. Kitakyushu, JapanStockholm, Sweden

http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/green-growth-

in-kitakyushu-japan_9789264195134-en

OECD Report “Green Growth in Kitakyushu, Japan” published in 2013

Much as for past achievement, future green growth in

Kitakyushu will have to rely on strong citizen engagement.

2

Overcoming Severe Environmental Pollution

Dokai Bay, the “Sea of Death” Beautiful sea

Severe air pollution In 1950s & 1960s Present

Blue skies

3

Partnership

Residents

Environmental control &environmental infrastructure

Local Government Private Enterprises

Cleaner Production & pollution control equipment

Learning how to measure air pollution from a university professor

Residents’ observation of a private company

Local Initiatives & PartnershipEnvironmental Technology & Environmental InvestmentEducation & Participation of Residents Environmental Governance

Reference: UNESCAP “Kitakyushu Initiative for a Clean Environment”

Partnerships among Local Multi-stakeholders

4

Source: World Bank, MEIP Report, 1996

Economic Development & Environmental Achievement

(Win-Win) in Kitakyushu

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Environmental Pollution

(mg-SO3/100ｃ㎡/day)

Economic Development

(Value of Shipments: 100Billiom Yen)

1960

19611962

19631964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

19711972

19731974

19761977

1978 1979

1980

Environmental Pollution(mg-SO3/100cm2/day)

Economic Development (Value of Shipments: 100 Billion Yen)

1960

1980

Economic development was achieved in

line with environmental improvement.

1968

5

Dialogue among Multi-Stakeholders and Shared Philosophy

on Sustainable Development

Multi-stakeholders Forum on the

World Capital of Sustainable Development

(October & December 2003)

Declaration of the creation of the

“World Capital of Sustainable Development”

(9 October 2004)

Discussions at meeting of the Kitakyushu

Committee on “World Capital of

Sustainable Development”

・ Members: 34 (industry/academia/gov’t)

・ Period: March to October 2004

・ Plenary meetings: 4

・Workshops: 10

・ Drafting committee meetings: 4, other

Call for ideas and opinions to create

“World Capital of Sustainable Development”

・Period: April to December 2003

・Received 1000+ submissions

Kitakyushu Committee on

“World Capital of Sustainable Development”

6

Source: Environment Bureau, City of Kitakyushu 7

Separation of Solid Waste for Efficient Resource Circulation:

12 categories and 19 items

748

703 701 698 706 705 706 704 696

609

536 522506

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

Resource-circulation

stations for citizens

Separation of resources from domestic waste at home:Economic incentive for

collection bags

Waste generation amount (g/day/capita)

Reduction of Waste

JPY 50 / bag

for disposal JPY 12 / bag for recycling

Resource separation centre

employing handicapped people Kitakyushu Eco-Town

Institutional Arrangement

Infrastructure

Environmental

Economic

SocialCitizen participationSocial welfare

Eco-industryjob opportunities

CO2 reduction

Waste reduction

Other domestic waste

Waste plastic & packaging

Cans &glass bottles

Waste plastic &PET bottles

8

Sustainable Resource Circulation

Local collection of recycled paper

Recovery station for waste paper packaging and traysComposting equipment and

garden using compost fertiliser

Public Participation in Solid Waste Recycling Activities

9

Established: October 1962

Organization:

Regular members: 155

Supporting members: 34 organisations

General members: 70% of residents (700,000 people)

Major Activities

• Management of waste stations

• Guidance and public awareness on waste disposal and separation

• City beautification activities/prevention of illegal dumping

• Activities to create a resource-recycling society

• Activities to create a low-carbon society

Kitakyushu Federation on Health & Sanitation

Comprehensive Eco-Industrial Complex

Hibiki Recycling AreaIndustrial plants: 29

Practical Research AreaPractical research facilities : 16

Practical research projects：56

Kitakyushu Eco-TownFacilitating Resource Circulation and Eco-Industries

Outcome of Projects

Environment: Reduction of environmental impacts: 0.38 million ton CO2

Saves resources and energy

Economy: Investment: JPY 69.5 billionPrivate sector: 71.7% National government: 18.2%; local government:10.1%）

Employees: 1,340 people Visitors: 1.3 million people, including overseas visitors

11

Plastic PET Bottle Recycling Project

Automobile Recycling Project

Office Equipment Recycling Project

Home Appliance Recycling Project

Examples of Recycling Projects in Eco-Town

12

Eco-Town:

23 projects including

Plastic PET bottles

Automobiles

Home appliances

OA equipment

Organic solvent

Fluorescent lamps

Medical equipment

Food waste, other

Fuel: 48,000 ｔon

Recycling:

368,000 tonnes

CO2 emissions:

102,000 ton

Residue: 9,000 tonnes

Discharge of effluent:3,629,000 tonnes

Electricity: 110,000 MWh

Raw materials:17,000 tonnes

Water: 5,092,000 tonnes

Inp

ut o

f reso

urce

s

Evaporation:1,463,000 tonnes

Disch

arg

e in

to

en

viro

nm

en

tOxygen for burning

Environmental Burden Reduction Effect: 380,000 tonnes of CO2

Estimated CO2 Emissions Reduction by Life Cycle Assessment

CO2 emissions: 129,000 tonnes

(by treatment + by using

resources and energy)

CO2 reduction: 509,000 tonnes

(if using raw materials)

Recycled materials:475,000 tonnes

Generation of electricity: 28,000 MWh

Source: Evaluation based upon Material Flow Data Studied in Kitakyushu City in 2010 13

Households

Kitakyushu

Eco-Town

Private

Enterprises

Separation

Plastic

PET bottlesHome

appliances

Waste paper

Waste clothesResidueOrganic waste

Office

equipmentPlasticcontainers and

packagingGlass &

cans Other waste

to be recycled

Participation & cooperation

Local

Government

Collection & transportation

Recycling &

processing

Manufacturing

Companies

Provides recycled

materials & products

Funding

Supporting

Producers

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Kitakyushu Eco-Town: Stakeholders

Markets &

Consumers

Green Growth

In industry

Industrialization of Green Policy①Recycling industry②Pollution control

industry③Energy industry, etc.

Greening Industry

①Production process

②Green products, etc.

Energy ConversionCoal →Oil→LNG Renewable Energy

Energy Saving ProcessesNippon Steel: Continuous castingSumitomo Metals: New Separated processNippon Coke: CDQ, etc.

Green ProductsYaskawa Electric: Energy-saving AC driveTOTO: Water-conservation equipment (Eco-Single, etc.)Mitsubishi Chemical: New typed PVNippon Steel: Electrical steel sheetECO PREMIUM, etc.

Recycling Industries: Kitakyushu Eco-TownWest Japan Home Appliance Recycle: Home appliancesWest Japan Automobile Recycle: VehiclesWest Japan PET Bottles Recycle: PET Plastic Bottles, etc.

Pollution Control Equipment IndustriesNippon Steel Kankyo Engineering: Wastewater treatmentShiraishi Iron Works: Desulfurization facilities, etc.

Energy-related IndustriesNS Wind Power Hibiki：Wind powerShibaura：Solar power, etc.

Policies on Green Economy

Cleaner Production

15

Technology and products (eco-products) and services (eco-services) which lead to

the reduction of environmental impacts in the city are certified as “Eco Premiums” by

the Kitakyushu City Government. Environmental activities throughout the city

promote the expansion and integration of Eco Premiums by industries.

Point: Saves energy and resources, maintenance free, etc.

Outcomes: Reduces environmental impacts and increases sales

Green Products and Services (Eco Premium)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009 Year

Improvement of Productivity in Kitakyushu

CO2 emissions per net domestic product: 100 in 1963

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Example of ECO PREMIUM : Eco Single

TOTO LTD.

TOTO Ltd. offers eco-products that are manufactured

using low-emission production processes.

waterhot

water

With a click

mixture

CO2 Emissions Reduction: 88kg

Cost Savings: JPY 7,700

In comparison with two-handle type faucet

in a family of four.

17

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About 70% of the CO2 emissions during production stems from the power consumption of motor

drives. Drive efficiency can be improved by introducing inverter control to the motor drive. This

substantially contribute to energy savings and improved profitability as a result of reduced costs.

The cumulative reduction of CO2 emissions achieved by Yaskawa Electric Corporation’s AC

drives is about 300 million tonnes, which is equivalent to about 1% of the annual CO2 emissions of

the entire world. The use of these AC drives contributes to the protection of the global environment.

Yaskawa Electric Corporation contributes to CO2 emissions reduction and green growth globally

by offering green products.

Example of ECO PREMIUM : AC Drive for Energy Saving

YASKAWA Electric Corporation

Green Products being exported for Global Contribution

Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal’s Electrical Steel SheetNippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal produces high-functioning steel in order to help

reduce the weight of automobiles and ships, and achieve higher energy efficiency. This

helps to conserve energy and reduce CO2 emissions.

http://www.nsc.co.jp/eco/warming/product.htmlNippon Steel & Sumitomo MetalEnergy-efficient electromagnetic plate and sheet

World’s Most Energy-Efficient Steel IndustryHigh energy efficiency is a key asset of Kitakyushu’s heavy industry. Japan’s steel

manufacturing industry ranks as the world’s most energy-efficient steel industry. Moving the iron and steel production from Kitakyushu or Japan to another country would likely result in higher CO2 emissions for the same output.

Kitakyushu’s iron and steel industry offers a range of products with advanced energy performance, such as flat rolls, magnetic steel sheets, thin sheets and surface-treated steel sheets. These products represent over 80% of the iron and steel exported from Kitakyushu to China and about 75% of all products shipped.OECD Green Growth Studies: Green Growth in Kitakyushu, Japan, 2013, OECD

19

Development of Human Resources to Achieve Sustainable Development

Accepting international trainees

from developing countries:

150 countries, 7,453 people (as of 31 March 2014)

In collaboration with JICA and

KITA (Kitakyushu International

Techno-cooperative Association)

20

3R & Zero Waste:

UNCRD and

National Governments

Waste Reduction and Resource Circulation in

Surabaya, Indonesia through Environmental Cooperation

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Reduction of Reclaimed

Solid Waste

Environmental pollution at landfill site (Before)

Compost from solid waste

Community-based Composting SystemAn expert from Kitakyushuinstructs participants on the way to make compost.

Outcome: 30% reduction of solid waste landfilled in Surabaya.

Composting expanded to more than 60,000 households, as well as other cities

and countries. 21

Sustainable Society

Your willingness to take action can shape the future

and save the human race and the earth.

We can create a sustainable society together!

For further information, please contact:

Office for International Environmental Strategies

City of Kitakyushu

E-mail: reiji_hitsumoto01@city.kitakyushu.lg.jp

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