Building Emission Inventory for Regional Air Quality Modeling in China

K. He1, Q. Zhang1, L. Wang1, D. Streets2, J. Fu3, J.Woo4

1Tsinghua University, Beijing, China2Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, USA

3Uinversity of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA4Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, USA

2nd ICAP Workshop, 2nd ICAP Workshop, Friday Center of Chapel Hill, Friday Center of Chapel Hill, Oct. 21-22, 2004Oct. 21-22, 2004

Occurrence Frequency of Each Pollutant as Major Pollutant of 42 Key Cities in China 2001-2004.5

Air Pollution Index (API) of SO2 in Beijing: 2000-2002

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

4 5 6 7 8 9

10

11

12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

11

12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

11

12

2000 2001 2002

Air Pollution Index (API) of NO2 in Beijing: 2000-2002

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

4 5 6 7 8 9

10

11

12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

11

12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

11

12

2000 2001 2002

Air Pollution Index (API) of O3 in Beijing: 2000-2002

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

4 5 6 7 8 9

10

11

12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

11

12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

11

12

2000 2001 2002

PM2.5 sampling locations

Tsinghua (Tsinghua (THUTHU))

Changping (Changping (CHPCHP))

Miyun (Miyun (MYMY))

Chegongzhuang (Chegongzhuang (ZGCZGC))

Tian’anmen Square (Tian’anmen Square (TAMTAM))

Weekly Average Concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing: 1999-2003

0

100

200

300

400

Date

PM

2.5

Con

c. (µ

g.m

-3)

CGZTHUCPMY

20001999 2001 2002 2003

Two Types of Emission Inventories

Local Inventory

Bottom-up, device based emissions

Exact emission locations

Less uncertainties, but

Only available in limited areas

Regional Inventory

Top-down, sector based emissions

Gridding by allocation factors

More uncertainties, but

Available for large areas

Building Inventory for Regional Air Quality Modeling

Similar methodology with Trace-P inventory

Top-down method, but technical based emissions

More technical splits with sectors

Embed local inventory to regional inventory

Approaches to Activity Data

Statistical yearbook & database

Activity data at sector level: energy balance table,

industrial productions, vehicle populations, etc

Technical reports and papers

Technical split within sectors

Energy demand model

Energy consumptions by fuel, by device type

Technical Split for Coal Combustion Devices

Good Efficiency

Moderate Efficiency

Poor Efficiency

Lime

Energy Demand Model for Domestic Sector

Share of Energy Use by Device Type in Domestic

Sector, Beijing

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

DOM_MB_A

DOM_SHB_A

DOM_MB_M

DOM_SHB_M

DOM_STOVE

Well developed distributed heating

Change small coal boilers to natural gas

Decrease of coal use in rural areas

Automatic Boiler

Stove

Hand Stoker, Small

HandStoker, Medium

Methodology for Transportation Sector

1980-2002New Vehicle population

1995-2002Average Mileage Traveled

1980-2002Emission factor of new

vehicle and deterioration ratio

1980-2002Fuel economy of new vehicle and

deterioration ratio

1995-2002Fuel specification

1995-2002Average emission factor

1995-2002Average fuel economy

1995-2002Vehicle population

1995-2002Pollutants emission

amount

1995-2002Fuel consumption

Approaches to Emission Factors

Chemical balance

Raw gas factors (SO2, Primary PM, Hg)

Technical reports and papers

Fuel characteristics, Operating practice, Control equipments

Field measurement

Final emission factors, Removal efficiency

International EF database

When lack of local measurement data (BC/OC, VOC)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1999 2001 Trace-P

Mill

ion

ton

s

Others

Biomass Burning

Transport

Domestic Fossil Fuels

Domestic Biofuels

Industry

Power

Updated CO Emission Inventory for China

40% higher than Trace-P

Embed Local Inventory to National Inventory

Difference of Two Inventories: Total Emissions

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

Local Trace-P Local Trace-P Local Trace-P Local Trace-P Local Trace-P Local Trace-P

t/y

Rural Areas

Urban Areas

PM10 PM2.5 NOx VOCSO2 CO

*: CO emission unit: 10t/y

Local/Trace-P in Beijing Urban Areas:

3.1 3.9 0.8 1.5 1.6 1.9

Difference of Two Inventories: Grid Emissions

Local Trace-P

Power Plants Power Plants

SO2 Emissions, 4km grid

(July 4-20, 2001, episode max.)

TRACE-P EMs Trace-P+Beijing EMs

Beijing Regional Modeling: O3

Source: Fu, et.al. 2004

Progress and Future Work

CO

Primary PM: TSP, PM10, PM2.5

BC/OC

VOC

Field measurement for PM2.5/BC/OC emission factors

AcknowledgmentAcknowledgment

USEPA and USEPA and SEPASEPA IES ProjectIES Project GM and NSFCGM and NSFC Dr. Carey JiangDr. Carey Jiang Tsinghua UniversityTsinghua University

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