Building Hybrid Clouds with CSR 1000v

Steven Carter, Solutions Architect

Chris Hocker, Consulting Systems Engineer

BRKARC-2023

• CSR Deployment in AWS

• On-Prem Deployment Options in VMware & OpenStack

• Building Scalable Overlay Networks

• Deploying CSR Features

Agenda

CSR Deployment in AWS

Virtualized IOS XE

• Generalized to work on any x86 system

• Hardware specifics abstracted through a virtualization layer

• Forwarding (ESP) and Control (RP) mapped to vCPUs

• Bootflash: NVRAM: are mapped into memory from hard dis

• No dedicated crypto engine – we leverage the Intel AES-NI instruction set to provide hardware crypto assist.

CSR 1000V Architecture – Virtualized ASR 1001

Forwarding Plane (FP)

vNICvCPU vMemory vDisk

Physical Hardware

CPU Memory Disk NIC

Hypervisor (VMware / Citrix / KVM)

Forwarding Mgr.

FFP Client / Driver

FFP code

Control Plane

Chassis Mgr.

Forwarding Mgr.

IOS

Linux Container

• Runs as a process under the Guest Linux Kernel

• IOS timing is governed by Linux Kernel scheduling

• Provides virtualized management ports

• Since these are managed by their respective software processes

• No direct hardware component access!

• Communicates with other software processes via IPC

• Runs Control plane features

• CLI and configuration processing

• SNMP handling, routing protocols, session mgmt.

CSR 1000V Architecture - IOSdControl PlaneForwarding Plane

vNICvCPU vMemory vDisk

Physical Hardware

CPU Memory Disk NIC

Hypervisor (VMware / Citrix / KVM)

Chassis Mgr.

Forwarding Mgr.Chassis Mgr.

Forwarding Mgr.

FFP Client / Driver

FFP code

IOS

Q: Where can I find the CSR on AWS?A: In the AWS marketplace!

1. Search for “Cisco”

2. Pick a flavor

CSR 1000V Licensing for AWS

AWS Marketplace Billing

• Provision hourly billed CSR instances from AWS Marketplace

• Pay AWS for basic instance-type usage AND fees for CSR usage

• AWS pays Cisco for CSR usage fees they collect. You pay Cisco nothing directly.

• No license file to manage or install

Bring Your Own License “BYOL”

• Provision “BYOL” CSR instances from AWS Marketplace

• Only pay AWS for basic instance-type fees

• Purchase desired license from Cisco or Cisco Partner

• Install purchased license onto “BYOL” version of CSR you provisioned from the AWS Marketplace

Two Options…

CSR 1000V Licensing Structure

Technology Package(See next slide for details)

Throughput License Type

Pick one option from each column…

Example:

IP Base

250 Mbps

1-Year

IP Base10 Mbps

50 Mbps

100 Mbps

250 Mbps

500 Mbps

1 Gbps

2.5 Gbps

5 Gbps

Perpetual

Subscription

(1-year or 3-year)

Usage

(target date Q1 CY15)10 Gbps

SEC

AppX

AX

* CSR add-on license options not shown above

CSR 1000V Features Per Technology Package

Technology

PackageIOS-XE Features

IPBase(formerly Standard)

Basic Networking: BGP, OSPF, EIGRP, RIP, ISIS, IPv6, GRE, VRF-LITE, NTP, QoS

Multicast: IGMP, PIM

High Availability: HSRP, VRRP, GLBP

Addressing: 802.1Q VLAN, EVC, NAT, DHCP, DNS

Basic Security: ACL, AAA, RADIUS, TACACS+

Management: IOS-XE CLI, SSH, Flexible NetFlow, SNMP, EEM, NETCONF

SEC(formerly Advanced)

IPBase Plus…

Advanced Security: Zone Based Firewall, IPSec VPN, EZVPN, DMVPN, FlexVPN,

SSLVPN, GETVPN

AppX

IPBase Plus…

Advanced Networking: L2TPv3, BFD, MPLS, VRF, VXLAN

Application Experience: WCCPv2, AppXNAV, NBAR2, AVC, IP SLA

Hybrid Cloud Connectivity: LISP, OTV, VPLS, EoMPLS

AX(formerly Premium)

ALL FEATURES

Features in Red will not work in Amazon – infrastructure issues (lack of L2 support, Multicast not supported)

What are all the different CSR 1000V types listed? 1. Cloud Services Router 1000V BYOL

• Can be any tech package and throughput level depending on license purchased from Cisco and installed on CSR (not all throughputs supported)

2. Cloud Services Router 1000V Security Tech Package

• Includes features from the Security technology package. Performance based on AWS instance type selected (more or less vCPU/vMemory)

3. Cloud Services Router 1000V AX Tech Package

• Includes features from the AX technology package. Performance based on AWS instance type selected (more or less vCPU/vMemory)

4. “Maximum Performance” versions of the above three

• Enables SR-IOV enhanced networking for higher performance

5. CSR Direct Connect 1 Gig and Multi-Gig

• Instances used for securing AWS Direct Connect circuits

Available in Azure Marketplace (End of June):

http://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/marketplace/

Search for “Cisco”

CSR 1000V product page will contain pricing, support, and deployment information

CSR 1000V in Microsoft Azure

CSR with InterCloud Fabric

VM VM Trunk

InterCloudExtender

InterCloudSwitch VM VM

VM VM

Secure L2 Extension

On-Prem AWS

VLAN A

VLAN B

VLAN A

VLAN B

InterCloud

CSR

VM VM

Cisco ASAv Firewall and Management Features

Cisco® ASA Feature Set

Cisco

ASAv

in AWS

Removed clustering and

multiple-context mode

VLAN tagging

Virtualization displaces multiple-context and clustering

Parity with all other Cisco ASA platform features

Traditional (Cisco ASDM and CSM) management tools

Dynamic routing includes OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP

IPv6 inspection support, NAT66, and NAT46/NAT64

REST API for programmed configuration and monitoring

Cisco TrustSec® PEP with SGT-based ACLs

Zone-based firewall, Equal-Cost Multipath

Policy Based Routing, VxLAN Support (VTEP)

Failover Active/Standby HA model

Subset of ASAv features are

not supported in AWS

VPC 101

• Logically isolated network with its own IP range, routes, security, etc.

• IP ranges can be overlapping

• Internet gateway routes outside and between VPCs

• Public IP or NAT for egress

• VPC peering needed to route between VPCs

• Security:

• Network ACLs at the border of VPC

• Security Groups within the VPC

• Subnet “router” routes within the VPC

• Subnet “router” is really an encap/decap device b/w hypervisors

Maps to AWS Elastic IP

Internet IP 54.x.x.x

CSR placement in the AWS network

• NAT at the Internet GW

• Will break services that do not work over NAT, such as GET-VPN

• Tunnel source will be a private address

• Tunnel destination from the perspective of VPN peers will be a public address

• Assign EC2 elastic IP address so that address does not change if the CSR1K is shutdown

• Other VPCs see Elastic IP address unless using VPC peering

• CSR should be the default gateway for the application VMs

10.1.1.10

10.1.1.11

10.1.2.10

Gi2 Gi1

Maps to AWS Elastic IP

Internet IP 54.x.x.x

10.2.1.10

10.2.1.11

10.2.2.10

Gi2 Gi1

No Link Local Broadcast in the VPC

• No Link local multicast or broadcast

• Affected Services Include:

• IGPs

• HSRP/VRRP

• BFD

• Proxy ARP, Gratuitous ARP > LISP-VM Mobility

• GRE as work-around for some services

• FHRP difficult b/c of AWS Routing

10.1.1.12

10.1.1.11

10.1.1.10NAT

10.1.1.10 54.x.x.x

Multiple Ways to Insert CSR as Gateway

• Two Armed Mode

• CSR has one interface in each network

• Instances have default gateway changed to point to CSR IP or change AWS Route Table default route

• Limitation on # of interfaces for CSR imposed by AWS

• One Armed Mode

• CSR has single interface and a default gateway pointed towards AWS Internet Gateway

• Other subnets have route added to their route table, pointing to the CSR as gateway

• Instances in other subnets don’t need their default gateway manually changed. Continue to use AWS Route Table.

172.24.2.0/24

172.24.2.0/25 172.24.2.128/25

g1 g2

AWS IGW

172.24.2.0/24

g1AWS IGW VPC

Router

Management and Front Door VRF

• Management and remote access of the CSR will happens over a public interface (i.e. Floating IP)

• No interactive console on AWS

• Cisco VPN designs recommend front-door VRF

• Simplifies routing: send a default route over the tunnel

• Improves security: isolating the LAN from the public internet

• Configuring VRF causes loss of connectivity

• EEM script used to work around.

• Internet access required for other AWS services (e.g. S3)

• Can not use front-door VRFs in these scenarios

CSR Advantages over…

• Scalability

• Continuity of Operations

• Spoke-to-spoke routing

• Richer routing features

• Security/Application Visibility

Virtual Private Gateway: VPC Peering:

• Overlapping CIDR blocks

• Peering between regions

• Transitive peering relationships

• Multiple peerings per VPC

• Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding

• Spoke-to-spoke routing

Multi-Site, Full Mesh Hybrid Cloud

Full Tunnel Mesh

East Coast RegionWest Coast Region

Corporate Network

On-Prem Anchored Overlay:

• Traditional physical enterprise with good connectivity at HQ

• Redundant DM-VPN at HQ

• Extends enterprise network to other sites, field offices, teleworkers,

and public clouds

Cloud Anchored Overlay:

• Traditional physical enterprise with less-good connectivity or wanting geographic redundancy

• Virtual-only enterprise with Cloud-based DC

• Redundant DM-VPN in Cloud

• Extends enterprise to other sites, field offices, teleworkers, and public clouds

Overlay Options

AWS

West

AWS

East

HQ

Home Branch

Head-End

AWS

WestAWS

East

HQ

Home Branch

Head-End

East

Head-End

West

On-Prem Deployment Options in VMware &

OpenStack

On-Prem Termination

Hardware vs. Virtual

• Hardware: Performance, Determinism

• Virtual: Flexibility

Places in the Network

• Border for Entire Organization

• Hardware: ASR/ISR

• Data Center for Individual Tenants:

• Software: CSR

Data Center

Campus

Border

CSR 1000V

ASR

1000/ISR

4400

CSR 1000V

Tenant Gateway

Hypervisor Hypervisor

Tenant VLANs

CSR in Private Cloud

• Tenant Router, Head-End, or NFV

• Supported on Multiple Hypervisors

• Managed by tenant or network team

• Manual or orchestrated deployment

• Dedicated hosts or distributed with tenant workloads

CSR Images for On-Prem Deployment

• Deploy as OVA

• Chose performance

Virtual Interfaces = Router Interfaces

Deployment in VMware

g0 g1

g2

Deployment in OpenStack

CSR1kv

Routing-aaSservice plugin

CfgAgent

…

Notifications

Hosting devices

Neutron server

Some server

Compute server

Driver specific

communication

Firewall-aaSservice plugin

VPN-aaSservice plugin

Hosting Device

ManagerPlugging Driver

Scheduler

What is supported today – April 2015.

Openstack “I” Release “J” release “K” release

CSR as Tenant VM Supported

Routing-aaSCSR as replacement of Neutron router

- Merged

VPN-aaSCSR for site-to-site IPsec VPN

CSR out of band bring up Merged

FW-aaS pluginCSR as FW enabled by ACLs

- - Merged

Building Scalable Overlay Networks

Enterprise VPN Termination into AWS

• Connect one or many physical locations into an Amazon VPC. IPSec, DMVPN, FlexVPN, EZVPN, etc…

• Up to 1,000 concurrent VPN tunnels per CSR, and no per-tunnel charges from Amazon.

• Familiar configuration, familiar troubleshooting, not a black box.

virtual private cloud

AWS cloud corporate office/branch

Corporate Data Center

Internet

Back-End Corporate Access

Corporate Users

Site to Site VPN connection

(Data & management)

Private

Public

Subnet 1Subnet 1

Internet Users

Corporate Data Center

Internet

Remote Access and Site-to-Site VPN to AWS

Internet Users

connecting via

VPN (ikev2 and

IPSec/L2TP)

Corporate Users

Site to Site VPN connection

(Data & management)

Private

Public

Subnet 1Subnet 1

Interconnecting AWS VPCs Using the CSR 1000V

• Easily integrate multiple AWS regions into existing VPN topology as new sites

• Can be leveraged for hierarchical designs with in regions.

• Distribute applications across the globe, and keep the network simple

virtual private cloud

AWS cloud

US west region

virtual private cloud

US east region

DMVPN Design Model 1Full Tunnel for AWS Application VMs

• DMVPN sites have access to AWS-hosted applications through IPSec tunnels to CSR

• Uses front-door VRF for VPN termination

• AWS application VMs run in the global routing table

• AWS application VMs do not have local internet access or local access to AWS public services*

• Requires EEM Script

G1 G2

AWS IGW

DMVPN

Tun0

Default

Route

Default

G1 – VRF INET

G2, Tun0 - Global

*New feature called VPC endpoints for S3 service

Embedded Event Manager

• Provides real-time network event detection and onboard automation.

• Adapt the behavior of your network devices to network conditions

• More than 20 event detectors

• Simple applets and more complex scripts

Create the Cisco EEM Applet:event manager applet fvrf

event none

action 1.0 cli command "enable”

action 1.1 cli command "conf t”

action 1.2 cli command "interface gig1”

action 1.3 cli command "vrf forwarding

internet-vrf”

action 1.4 cli command "ip address dhcp”

action 2.0 cli command "end”

Run the Cisco EEM Applet:event manager run fvrf

DMVPN Design Model 2Direct Internet Access for AWS Application VMs

• DMVPN sites have direct access to AWS-hosted applications

• VPN and AWS application VMs run in global routing table

• Leverage NAT overload to the Elastic IP address

• AWS application VMs have local internet access and local access to AWS public services

G1 G2

AWS IGW

DMVPN

Tun0

Specific

Routes

Default

G1, G2, Tun0 - Global

CSR VPN High Availability

• No virtual IP as with HSRP, since AWS doesn’t allow multicast

• AWS Route Tables for app subnets are re-pointed to opposite CSR

• Failure detection is automatic

• CSR itself calls AWS API to adjust AWS Route Table routes

VPC

CSR Subnet

App Subnet A

App Subnet B

Before HA Failover

After HA FailoverAWS REST API

CSR VPN HA ConfigurationCreate IAM ChangeRouteRole

{

"Version": "2012-10-17",

"Statement": [

{

"Effect": "Allow",

"Action": [

"ec2:AssociateRouteTable",

"ec2:CreateRoute",

"ec2:CreateRouteTable",

"ec2:DeleteRoute",

"ec2:DeleteRouteTable",

"ec2:DescribeRouteTables",

"ec2:DescribeVpcs",

"ec2:ReplaceRoute",

"ec2:DisassociateRouteTable",

"ec2:ReplaceRouteTableAssociation"

],

"Resource": "*"

}

] }

CSR VPN HA ConfigurationDeploy CSR and Assign IAM Role

interface Tunnel1

ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.252

bfd interval 500 min_rx 500 multiplier 3

tunnel source GigabitEthernet1

tunnel destination 54.200.190.64

!

router eigrp 1

bfd interface Tunnel1

network 172.16.0.0

passive-interface GigabitEthernet1

CSR VPN HA ConfigurationConfigure GRE Tunnel, BFD, and EIGRP

VPC

CSR Subnet

App Subnet A

App Subnet B

Tunnel1

event manager environment CIDR 0.0.0.0/0

event manager environment ENI eni-d679128f

event manager environment RTB rtb-631bda06

event manager environment REGION us-west-2/172.24.1.2

event manager applet replace-route2

event syslog pattern "\(Tunnel1\) is down: BFD peer down notified"

action 1.0 publish-event sub-system 55 type 55 arg1 "$RTB" arg2 "$CIDR" arg3 "$ENI" arg4 "$REGION"

CSR VPN HA ConfigurationConfigure EEM

Direct Connect With CSR 1000V

• Remove existing BGP configuration from customer router

• Create new BGP neighbor relationship between tunnel interface addresses (to ensure routes are learned via tunnel)

• Advertise prefixes from campus/data center and AWS VPC

Virtual Private Cloud

172.16.0.0/16

Virtual Private

Gateway (VGW)

10.10.10.2/30

Customer

Router

(Cisco

ISR/ASR)

Direct Connect

CircuitVLAN

Sub-Interface:

Gig1.100

10.10.10.1/30

Corporate HQ

172.17.1.0/24

CSR 1000V

IP:172.16.1.10

EIP:54.1.2.3

IPSec Tunnel

Interface Tunnel 1

IP: 169.254.1.1

Destination: 54.1.2.3

Interface Tunnel 1

IP: 169.254.1.2

Destination: 10.10.10.1

BGP Advertisements:

172.17.1.0/24

BGP Advertisements:

172.16.0.0/16

BGP

Deploying CSR Features

Firewall and Application Visibility in the AWS Cloud

• Stateful firewall between AWS regions and physical locations

• Familiar Zone-Based Firewall configuration

• Application Visibility and Control (AVC)

• Uses NBAR2 to identify over 1,000 different applications

• Monitor and control application usage

• Track packet loss, latency, jitter, and response time of your cloud.

virtual private cloud

AWS cloud corporate office/branch

Flexible NetFlow Records

Internet Users

Internet

Edge Router and Firewall

Internet users accessing AWS

resources using translated IPs

Private

Public

Subnet 1Subnet 1

Zone Based Firewall Configuration Example (1/2)class-map type inspect match-any tunnel-

inside

match protocol icmp

match protocol http

match protocol https

match protocol ssh

match access-group name tunnel-inside

ip access-list extended tunnel-inside

permit tcp any host 172.24.2.200 eq 3389

policy-map type inspect tunnel-inside

class type inspect tunnel-inside

inspect

class class-default

drop log

Inside

g1 g2

Outside

Tunnel

Zone Based Firewall Configuration Example (2/2)zone security outside

zone security inside

zone security tunnel

zone-pair security tunnel-inside source

tunnel destination inside

service-policy type inspect tunnel-inside

interface Tunnel0

zone-member security tunnel

interface GigabitEthernet1

zone-member security outside

interface GigabitEthernet2

zone-member security inside

Inside

g1 g2

Outside

Tunnel

NAT

interface GigabitEthernet1

ip nat outside

interface GigabitEthernet2

ip nat inside

ip nat inside source list nat interface GigabitEthernet1 overload

ip nat inside source static tcp 172.24.2.200 80 172.24.2.17 80 extendable

ip access-list standard nat

permit 172.24.2.128 0.0.1.255

Floating IP:

55.128.99.23

172.24.2.0/25 172.24.2.128/25

g1 g2

Needs to be the Internal Address

Enterprise-Wide Application Visibility

• Uses Netflow and IP SLA

• GUI for application visibility

• IP SLA configuration and monitoring

• Extends application visibility to your cloud border

Enterprise-Wide Security Visibility

• Uses Netflow

• GUI for security visibility

• Extends application visibility to your cloud:

• Detecting Sophisticated and Persistent Threats

• Identifying BotNet Command & Control Activity

• Uncovering Network Reconnaissance

• Finding Internally Spread Malware

• Revealing Data Loss

StealthWatch FlowCollector

StealthWatch Management

Console

NetFlow

https

IP SLA

• Actively monitor and measure performance

• Includes data about response time, one-way latency, jitter, packet loss, voice-quality scoring, network resource availability, application performance, and server response time

• Performance data can be used in routing decisions and EEM

• Detect Partner Failover

ip sla 1

icmp-echo 172.24.0.5 source-ip 172.24.0.4

tag DMVPN_SLA

ip sla 2

icmp-echo 172.24.0.1 source-ip 172.24.0.4

tag DMVPN_SLA

ip sla group schedule 1 1-3 schedule-

period 60 frequency 60 start-time now life

forever

ip sla responder

Remote Worker VPN Access into AWS

• IPSec and SSLVPN access via AnyConnect for teleworkers and remote users

• AAA server options for user database

• Easily host copies of your apps in regions close to your remote users

• No similar service offered natively by AWS

virtual private cloud

AWS cloud

SSL VPN Configuration Example (1/3)

• A self-signed certificated is generated by default when the CSR is launched.

• Can generate a new self-signed certificate or provision a certificate from an Enterprise CA

Create a Server Certificate

crypto key generate rsa label sslvpn-key

modulus 2048

!

crypto pki trustpoint sslvpn-self-signed

enrollment selfsigned

subject-name cn=csr-aws-sslvpn

revocation-check none

rsakeypair sslvpn-key

!

crypto pki enroll sslvpn-self-signed

virtual private

cloudAWS cloud

SSL VPN Configuration Example (2/3)

• User database can be on AAA server or defined locally

Configure User Database and Address Pool

aaa new-model

aaa authentication login sslvpn local

aaa authorization exec default local

aaa authorization network sslvpn local

!

username chocker privilege 15 secret 5

$1$VHFK$5jHUYC/Sy.0yCaexJs6xo1

!

ip local pool pool1 10.10.10.50

10.10.10.100

virtual private

cloudAWS cloud

SSL VPN Configuration Example (3/3)

crypto ssl proposal proposal1

protection rsa-aes128-sha1

!

crypto ssl authorization policy auth-

policy1

netmask 255.255.255.0

pool pool1

!

crypto ssl policy policy1

ssl proposal proposal1

pki trustpoint sslvpn-self-signed sign

ip interface GigabitEthernet1 port 443

!

Configure Crypto

crypto ssl profile profile1

match policy policy1

aaa authentication list sslvpn

aaa authorization group list sslvpn auth-

policy1

authentication remote user-credentials

!

crypto vpn anyconnect

bootflash:/webvpn/anyconnect-macosx-i386-

3.1.05187-k9.pkg sequence 1

CSR REST API REST is Representational State Transfer

Based on HTTP. Client-Server model. Stateless.

Identify resources through URIs - /api/v1/global/ntp/servers

Request & Response type: JSON (Javascript Object Notation)

Common Methods: PUT, POST, GET, DELETE

PUT /api/v1/global/host-name

Content-Type: application/json

Accept: application/json

{

“host-name”: “eng-router”

}

200 Ok

Content-Type: application/json

{

“host-name”: “eng-router”

}

GET /license/UDI

Accept: application/json

200 Ok

Content-Type: application/json

{

“link: “/license/UDI”,

“UDI”: “ACRPSJAE9486R”

}

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/csr1000/softw

are/restapi/restapi/RESTAPIintro.html

Summary

Cisco CSR 1000v Summary

• Extends enterprise network to public cloud

• Normalize operations across multiple public clouds

• Hybrid cloud designs using CSR in the public cloud and ASR1K/ISR/CSR1K on-premise

• Primary use case - secure connectivity using IPSec, DMVPN, SSL VPN, etc.

• Enterprise-class networking services including Routing, FW, and NAT

• Rich telemetry for security and performance monitoring with Netflow/AVC

• Used with AWS Direct Connect for encryption and overlay routing

• HSRP-like High Availability for AWS VPCs

CSR 1000v in AWS Design Guide

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td

/docs/solutions/Hybrid_Cloud/In

tercloud/CSR/AWS/CSRAWS.p

df

Evaluation Licenses• Only BYOL instances need an evaluation license, since non-BYOL instances

are pre-licensed as part of the hourly cost.

• By default BYOL instances boot with all features and 100 Kbps throughput.

• 60-day evaluation licenses are self-serve at:• http://www.cisco.com/go/license

• Router# show license udi

Resources

• AWS VPC Presentations• https://www.youtube.com/user/AmazonWebServices/search?query=VPC

• CSR in AWS CVD• http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/solutions/Hybrid_Cloud/Intercloud/CSR/AWS/CSRAWS.pdf

• CSR in AWS Support Forum• https://supportforums.cisco.com/community/csr-amazon

• CSR in AWS Test Drive• https://csrtestdrive.com/

• CSR in AWS Marketplace• https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/seller-profile?id=e201de70-32a9-47fe-8746-09fa08dd334f

• Evalulation Licenses

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