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CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 2
2.0 BUILDING A FLEXIBLE WORKPLACE 4
3.0 REASON FOR FLEXIBLE WORKPLACE 5
4.0 BENEFITS OF FLEXIBLE WORKPLACE 5
5.0 DESIGN FOR FLEXIBILITY 6
6.0 TOTAL QUALITY WORKPLACE 6
7.0 SOCIAL AND MANAGERIAL ENVIRONMENT 7
8.0 PHYSICAL SETTING FOR WORK 8
9.0 HOW QUALITY WORKPLACE 8
10.0 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING 11
11.0 THE TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENT 23
12.0 SPATIAL PROVISION AND ADAPTABILITY 30
13.0 THE PERSONAL MICROENVIRONMENT 36
14.0 QUALITATIVE FACTORS 41
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY IN ORGANIZATION
1.0 OBJECTIVE 43
2.0 FEATURES 43
3.0 ISSUE 44
4.0 CASE STUDY 46
IMPLICATION ON IMPROVISATION TO AN ORGANIZATION
1.0 CASE STUDY 53
2.0 ORGANIZATION LEVEL 54
3.0 PUBLIC LEVEL 55
4.0 INDIVIDUAL LEVEL 55
5.0 DEPARTMENT LEVEL 56
REFERENCES 57
Building Performance
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Buildings performance is an interdisciplinary field primarily devoted to Facilities
Management. Building performance also is a practice of coordinating the physical
workplace with people and work of the organization integrating the principles of many
business administration, architecture and behavioral and engineering science. Building
performance is the item that related to the process of determines the extent to which
the facilities support or adapted to changing needs of occupants either internal or
external.
In the process to manage the building which handle by Facility Manager are
increasingly diverse range in user’s requirements, building performance can be apply to
ensuring it smoothly perform and respond precisely. Building Performance is important
to provide best quality of working environment in social and managerial environment
and physical setting for work.
The better performance will create improvement in organization regarding
commitment amongst members (occupants, and stakeholders), effective
communication, generate better image for company, succeed in changing, and rising of
productivity of product or services that provided by organization
There are five broad aspects to be considered in delivering building
performance by Facility Manager. The aspects are performance in physical functioning,
the technological environment, spatial provision and adaptability, personal
microenvironment and qualitative factors. These five aspects will determine either the
building performance is successful deliver or not.
Once there is successful deliver, the stakeholder or building users will get the
benefits from it either in physical or mental benefits and others benefit that create in
the positive side. In this case, there is issues that Facility Manager need to take as
important part, the issues is about environmentally friendly. Without referred to
environment issues, the managing the building will be effected by related problems by
it. The overview of Building Performance was illustrated as figure in the next page.
Building Performance
BUILDING PERFORMANCE
Definition : The Practice of coordinating the physical workplace with people and work of the organization integrating the principles of business administration, architecture and behavioral and engineering science
Need to be Considered1. Physical functioning2. The technological environment3. Spatial provision and adaptability4. The personal microenvironment5. Qualitative factors
TOTAL QUALITY WORKPLACE
GOAL
Stakeholder Benefits
Environmental Friendly
Physical Benefits
Mental Benefits
Intelligent Building
Green Building
Maintain commitment among employees
Effective communication among employees and operating units
Project positive responsive image
Enable change
Improve productivity
Versatile
Respond appropriately
Supportive
Informative
Influential etc
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Figure 1: Overview of Building Performance
Building Performance
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2.0 BUILDING A FLEXIBLE WORKPLACE
There has been a great deal of talk lately about how the changes and demands
of today’s workplace are affecting occupants’ lives. Adapting to these changes and
demands—as well as to company growth goals—requires employees to work smarter
and improve their work practices to be more effective and productive. Employees or
occupants are striving for improved quality and effectiveness both in their work and
their personal lives. When employees achieve these goals, their employers benefit as
well. Apart of occupant issue the flexible workplace also useful for building support
which is the main idea for providing the services or product.
In this information age, work teams form and reform to meet organizational
needs, technological innovations, and changing business relationships. Buildings and
interior spaces need to be flexible to anticipate and support to changing nature of work.
Within the past few years, designers have sought to create new generations of “flexible”
building and workplace environment within building that have infrastructures and
structures that fully support change while sustaining new technologies and multi-
capable individuals and teams.
The changing nature of work means greater mobility for workers, a multiplicity
of workspaces within and external to buildings, greater use of geographically dispersed
groups, increased dependence on social networks—and greater pressure to provide for
all of these needs and behaviors in a leaner and more agile way. Workplaces have
responded with many new options, including more teaming and informal interaction
spaces, more supports for virtual individual and group work, more attention to
integrating learning into everyday work experience, greater flexibility in work locations,
and more focus on fitting the workplace to the work rather than vice versa. Many
workplaces are also incorporating spaces that encourage relaxed engagement with
colleagues to reduce stress and promote a sense of community.
Building Performance
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3.0 REASONS FOR FLEXIBLE WORKPLACE
Flexibility is used by many occupants for wide variety of work and personal
reasons as below:
To have uninterrupted time to complete certain tasks and to accommodate
urgent work requests
To be available to colleagues and clients in other time zones
To address life interests and needs put aside during periods of heavy
workload
To avoid long commutes
To care for children or sick family members
To exercise, engage in hobbies and community activities
To transition from full-time work to retirement
To pursue additional education or certifications
4.0 BENEFITS OF FLEXIBLE WORKPLACE
Flexibility is a powerful—and often underutilized—tool for becoming an
employer of choice and increasing work productivity and effectiveness. Offering
flexibility allows companies to recruit the best talent and retain experienced and
valuable occupants. It also helps to boost occupant satisfaction, engagement, and
morale. A flexible work environment can be the difference between employees that feel
energized, committed, and ready to go to bat for us and those that feel burned out,
unsupported, and ready to walk out the door at the first chance they get. In addition,
flexibility simplifies work processes and focuses on output. In so doing, it encourages
occupants and work groups to work more creatively and effectively. Flexibility shines the
spotlight on leadership capabilities such as crystallizing and communicating priorities,
setting the stage for thoughtfully executing plans, encouraging teamwork and
coordination, and harnessing occupant talents to drive results.
5.0 DESIGN FOR FLEXIBILITY
Building Performance
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1. Provide flexibility for delivering power, voice, and data.
2. Provide distributed, vertical cores, satellite closets, and generous horizontal plenum
spaces with re-locatable, user-based services to ensure technical, spatial, and
environmental quality in the rapidly changing electronic office.
3. Provide systems that are controllable and adjustable by the users without
burdensome reliance on outside contractors.
4. Incorporate sustainable design principles, which can help achieve flexible spaces.
6.0 TOTAL QUALITY WORKPLACE
In one sense, Total Quality Workplace is about increasing the effectiveness and
sustainability of the organization. There is research shown that those who made Total
quality a top priority improved their fiscal strength (sustainable profits). The meaning of
Total Quality workplace is:
Quality – The customer defines quality… usually that the product or service is delivered
in timely way, at a reasonable price, that meets or exceeds expectations.
Total -- Simply means that everybody involved in providing the product or service also
works to improve its quality in every aspect. These are the principals of inclusion and
participation.
Workplace – a place, such as office or factory where peoples employed.
7.0 SOCIAL AND MANAGERIAL ENVIRONMENT
Building Performance
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It should not be so hard to get work done, and it should not be so hard to find and
build upon that work once it is done. To make the works are perfectly done, social
environment in organization is about how the occupant of the building making their
cultural in workplace. Communication is about how the occupant of the building can
share, giving, or inform to other occupants about the works things. Communication can
be amongst internal occupant or external occupant. So the social environment needs
tools as network to help the organization achieve their mission and vision in their
business. This is a new era of real-time collaboration, of community-based networks of
great minds that meet to share and experience the power of collective knowledge. The
benefits of better communication for occupant are:
Enable teams to work effectively together
Instantly identify the experts and resources that can connect the dots
Capture and build on the work of your organization continuously
Deploy an enterprise-ready, scalable, governed, and secure solution
In the other environment, which is managerial environment there are important
issue that helping the building to perform as a good organization. Managerial or
management, basically under management department of organization but the good
environment is all occupant applied the management in their work nicely and at the
same time helping to reach the goal. The scope of managerial can be dividing into
internal, external, cultural and ethics or social responsibility. Which is mean if all these
types can be perfectly manage the environment of managerial will produce better
quality. The management party need to familiar with leadership concept, coaching and
etc item that related.
8.0 PHYSICAL SETTING FOR WORK
Building Performance
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Physical setting for work is a tool to helping an organization. Physical is about
the basic requirements for organization to deliver the work, especially for internal
occupants of building. Internal occupants need the basic things to perform their scope
of job to produce the output either products or services. Workplace can be so favorite
place for occupants if the building itself can perform as a building that helping them to
perform their works. Basically the building was designed based on client requirements,
and the requirement must be related to business that will held in the building. If the
workplace was designed fulfill the scope of work that related to business, then the
occupant will not stress and the running cost will reduce without doing the renovation
of building area to fulfill the workplace’s requirement, which mean it is flexible. For
example offices area, pantries, services area or main area for the business (shopping
mall) etc.
9.0 HOW QUALITY WORKPLACE?
a) Maintain Commitment among employees
Quality Workplace can maintain the commitment among employees through
two ways either via mentally or physically. As mentally, the employees in the building
can separate their outside problems and inside the problems once there are ways for
them to settle it. Flexible in workplace can help them to solve and at the same time they
will reduce the stress and can focus during works plus the workplace area helping them
to deliver the tasks. The commitment comes naturally without force from superior of
the organization. As physically, commitment will comes depend on organization cultural.
Workplace is a place for them to deliver their jobs plus the workplace making them
increase their performance. For example the basic stuffs for office work are provided;
this will maintain or increase their commitment to their organization.
9.0 HOW QUALITY WORKPLACE? (CONT’D)
Building Performance
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b) Effective Communication Among employees and operating units
Communication is an important thing in organization. If the communication is
poor then the communication failed will take place. For effective communication the
quality workplace also helping the interaction between employees and operating units
there are tools or channel can be use. The quality workplace consists of better
communication tools, such as telephones or other new technologies. For effective
communication channels play their roles. Quality workplace provides better
communication channels and gives effective communication among the occupants.
c) Project positive responsible image
Quality workplace will help organization for positive image. This image can be
interpreted by outside occupants, clients, or other parties. The image came from quality
of work from the organization. The organization will get best compliment from other
and at the same time they will be trusted and open opportunity for new projects and
can raise profit for organization. The positive image will be inspired by other
organization as role model.
d) Enable Change
Quality Workplace also used to make any change for organization. Change for
workplace cultural and change to become profitable organization. The quality workplace
gives opportunity for organizations to create their own ways or to guide for positively. For
example, the banking workplace can be change to other services such as insurance
services, financial adviser or other services related, which mean multitasking. The flow of
working spaces also can be change, which means the location of officer tables, the flow
direction to other department was make it easy for occupant to walk etc. which mean
comfortable for them.
9.0 HOW QUALITY WORKPLACE? (CONT’D)
Building Performance
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e) Improve Productivity
Quality workplace can also improve productivity. Productivity not also comes from
capable occupants but also from system that use for the organization. By using 5S (seiri,
seiton, seiso, seikutse, shitsuke) method and carried out gradually and systematically the
organization can improve productivity. The meaning for these Japanese words is:
Seiri/ Sort : Clear out unused or rarely used items from the work areas.
Seiton/Straighten: Create a place for everything and everything in its place
Seiso /Shine: Keep things clean no dirt or trash in the work place. Regularly look
for and remove things that could interfere with quality, timely work.
Seikutse /Standardize: Develop systems and procedures to maintain
productivity and quality work.
Shitsuke /Sustain: Use regularly management audits to maintain a stabilized
workplace
Impact of 5S implementation reduce inventory, efficient on workplace usage,
reduce time for searching spare part, improve working condition, reduce accident,
increase discipline, follow procedure and better relationship among employee.
Apart of that, by empowered teams in organization also can contribute to
improve productivity by three assumptions:
1. Those closest to the work know best how to perform and improve their jobs.
2. Most employees want to feel that they "own" their jobs and are making meaningful
contributions to the effectiveness of their organizations.
3. Teams provide possibilities for empowerment that are not available to individual
employees.
Building Performance
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10.0 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING
In the recent survey by Gensler, the prominent corporate architecture firm, half
of all employees say they would work an extra hour per day if they had a better
workplace. So now we can see how many companies still maintain dark, cramped, ugly,
or poorly designed offices. It’s can be the problems within the employees because they
not comfortable with the workplace. Even the beauty and nice workplace must spend
the high cost but it can improve the productivity of the employees, besides that the
employees can give more responsible to their work with the comfortable office
workplace.
The good designed office is one of the easiest and most cost-effective ways to
retain workers and make them more productive. The bad office designed can make low
of the concentration to the work. Gervais Tompkin, a vise president in Gensler’s San
Francisco office, says the best way to find out if your office is dysfunctional is to conduct
a formal study. There are three key methods for gathering information are shadowing
employees on their paths through the office, visiting conference rooms and desk areas
every half ad hour to determine how they are being used and asking the employees to
track their own movements and report back on how they spend their time.
There are $3, 870 per person (open office design) and $6, 447 per person
(closed office design) to outfit an empty building, according to the International Facilities
Management Association.
Based on the GE Commercial Finance case study, 2006 it showed to us that the
poor use of office workplace was actually hindering the company’s relationship with
customer. The customers feel that the employees work so slowly because of the poor
workplace in the organization. The major problem in this case study is about the
physical location of key employees. Loan approval required 22 different handoffs and
two miles of walking, which meant the loan approval can take time for months.
Franchise-lending operations were spread across two buildings, with different teams
which are legal, sales and closing situated on different floors. Garavel says because of
Building Performance
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10.0 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING (CONT’D)
this kind of problem they have been to organize the work by department and also
decided to organize the business differently. They employees just work in single-
function departments, GE created new, cross-functional teams so the workers no longer
had to walk or send documents back and forth between departments. After the
physically reassigning employees, loan processing time dropped to less than a month
and required only several handoffs. Changing of the design in office workplace can
improve the productivity of the employees. The work done also can be fast, so the
customer always can trust us to settle their problems. The customer also can realize our
organization can do the works properly.
Some of the organization had moved their work from individual work to team
based. This team based work can give us more idea during do the works. Sometimes we
have to decrease the number of group member because difficult in workplace. The
limited workplace is the main of the problem to hem work together. Based on the study,
Group Health defined three design goals for this situation. First, the office needed more
conference space. The conference spaces can make the easiest work for the employees
because they can always together in the conference space to do their work from
starting to finish. This is also can make the effective communication among employees
and operating units. The communication within the employees can be easy to
understand because they face to face and discuss the problems of work on time.
Secondly, cubicle size could shrink somewhat since workers were increasingly spending
time outside of them. Finally, mobile workers like Biggs needed “touch-down” space
where they could check their e-mail and make phone calls when visiting different
divisions of the company.
Building Performance
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10.0 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING (CONT’D)
10.1 A Clean, Well-Lighted Workplace
The workplaces that always use the natural lighting can save energy
efficiency. This situation can be improving the human behavior to think how
natural lighting can affect our energy efficiency. Now, many of building build the
workplace area to use the natural lighting. Besides that, the solar energy also
can help to save efficiency energy in our country.
The clean air and water also are freedom from distracting noises and
smells. So, the workplace is comfortable to the employees done their work. The
noises and bad smells can disturb the employees and also customer on the
workplace. This situation can decrease the effective communication within the
employees and customer. Sometimes, the customers feel not confident to the
organization capability and maybe they decide not even come again. This can be
big problem to the organization, if customer decrease the profit and income
company also got problem.
The case study was took from Google Office, the workplace in this
building so clean and well lighted because of that there have a good
performance in their job. The employees in the workplace feel comfortable and
more interested to do their job in the long time working period.
Figure 2.0 - Google Office Zurich, Switzerland
Building Performance
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10.0 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING (CONT’D)
10.2 Corner Office for Executives
The designed corner office for executives is the designed that giving the
bosses all the views and natural light, put executive office at the centre of each
floor and seat rank and file workers. Those who spend more time at their desks
it provide open spaces by the windows. The executives can more comfortable
with the natural air within the time work. The corner offices designed for
executive can make the work retention and improve the work productivity.
Google office has used the designed in the corner office design. It can
improve save our energy because it more use the naturally daylight. Besides
that, the corner office design can make the employees more relaxing because
most of the corner office has built using the glazing wall. So the employees can
view the natural environment from the office area.
Figure 2.1- Corner Office in Google Office, Zurich Switzerland
Building Performance
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10.0 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING (CONT’D)
10.3 Random Seating and Collaboration Areas
There are some of organizations interested to design random seating
and collaboration areas. This designed enclosed mini conference rooms inside.
When collaborative areas are scattered between clusters of cubes, the noise
prevents cube-dwellers from getting work done. Instead, allocate small spaces
with doors, sometimes called “iso pods” for informal meetings. Workers can
quickly huddle without having to leave their immediate area and reserve a
conference room. This situation can achieve the goal to spontaneous
collaboration of the designed.
Random seating in the Google Office most practically used, so it can
help the employees improve their communication among the employees
because they can seat or doing their job anywhere they want in the office area.
Sometimes the random seating and collaboration area can make the employees
easy to do their work either in individual or group.
Figure 2.2- Random and Relaxing Seating Area in Google Office, Zurich
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10.0 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING (CONT’D)
10.4 Traditional and Uniform Size Offices
Based on the traditional workplace there are most of the designed have
uniform size offices because on that time they design the workplace just refer to
their budget not considerate the comfortable of the employees. Traditional
design sometimes, almost not valid for today. It is because today, many of
organization realize that not al workers need the same size office. The job
function within the employees maybe different so, the size office also can
different because the needed of the room so different. This is especially true of
those who spend a lot of time at other sites. Make the offices smaller to allow
room for “touch-down” or “hotel” workspaces for visitors from other offices.
This is to have a mobile workforce. This designed also can be maintain the
commitment among employees because the employees got their own size office
to they do work more comfortable.
In the Google Office the entire employees can used the workplace in
good way. Most of the building design is in the modern design, it is because
Google have to make sure their workplace can give more comfortable to their
employees. Sometimes, the modern way can make employees excited to
performance their good job because many facilities they can used in the
workplace.
10.5 Open Desk spaces with Minimal Dividers
The designed open spaces with minimal dividers have lower cubes walls.
Traditional cubes are too isolating, but the “open desk” system that grew
popular in the dot-com boom. This designed was separating workers with only
the tiniest partitions because to prove to be too noisy. The companies can
simply lower cube walls from six feet to four, affording just enough privacy and
plenty of visibility. This type of workplace can make easily communication
within the employees during do their work. Sometime, they also want to ask
each other about the work they are doing.
Building Performance
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10.0 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING (CONT’D)
10.5 Open Desk spaces with Minimal Dividers (Cont’d)
Google Office have used the open desk spaces, it is because it can help
the employees to communication among the employees so effectively. Besides
that, it can make sure the information in the workplace can flow to all the
employees because it can improve the productivity of the job performance.
Figure 2.3- Employees Workplace in Google Office, Zurich
10.6 Intelligent Design
The designed of building is important to all occupants in the building.
Based on the case study of Google Office, the building was designed by 300
engineers. The Google Office workplace includes a slide, a games room, a “chill-
out” aquarium, plenty off free food and others. The designed of its new
European engineering headquarters in Zurich Switzerland, which is meeting
“pods” in the style of Swiss chalets and igloos, fireman poles to allow easy
access between floors and a slide to ensure that people can get to the cafeteria
as quickly as possible.
Building Performance
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10.0 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING (CONT’D)
10.6 Intelligent Design (Cont’d)
Many of the sub section in the office building will improve the job
function of the employees. The modern design that shown in the Google Office
make the spirit of the employees come to the office to done their work.
Figure 2.4- Intelligent Meeting Room Designed in Google Office, Zurich
Figure 2.5- Creative Meeting Room in Google Office, Zurich
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10.0 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING (CONT’D)
10.7 Access All Areas
Nelson Mattas, vice president of engineering said that they are the best
served by both a creative work environment and a flat, open working structure.
The lava lamps, free food and games are all part of the Google culture. The
function of al these thing is informal and a structure that isn’t dictated from top.
The unconventional design of the office represents what Google hopes is a free
flow of information through all parts of the company.
Figure 2.6- Google Office Lobby in Zurich, Switzerland
10.8 Area for Users
Based in the Google Office workplace, the designed of the office more
different than the another building. Engineers work in small teams of three or
four, which is reflected at the Zurich HQ with small offices, each of which comes
with the requisite “bean bag” meeting room.
Building Performance
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10.0 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING (CONT’D)
10.8 Area for Users (Cont’d)
The white boards are everywhere in the Google Office. If anyone allows
ideas, can be written down wherever they thought up. This can give many new
ideas by the employees in the office. The employees also can change idea by
each other. Other areas include games room, a library in the style of an English
country house and an aquarium space. Many types of room that required in this
office should help the employees to improve their productivity of work. Some of
the rooms are suitable for the employees to improve the effective
communication among employees, such as area of meeting room and library.
In the principal of Google Office they always put users first. The Principe
of this organization is becoming more challenged as the company becomes ever
more powerful.
Figure 2.7- Discussion Room in the Google Office, Zurich Switzerland
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10.0 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING (CONT’D)
10.8 Area for Users (Cont’d)
Figure 2.8- Library in the Google Office
10.9 Glass Office Designed
The designed of glass office give more benefits to employees, clients
and also the environment. It is because by using the glass office designed we
can save our energy efficiency by using the natural daylight.
Google Office for example, the Wilkinson’s group designed an ingenious
system of tented glass offices that allows daylight to stream through the
window-side offices and into the center of the floor while preserving acoustic
integrity. The designed of white canopies are made of an acrylic-coated
polyester, quilted together with polyester-fiber fill. The white canopies help
reflected light into the rest of the office and are topped by a neat unobtrusive
unit that contains lighting, air-conditioning, sprinkles and an air diffuser. At
interval panels of glass are glazed in color combos that identify each office
neighborhood. The employees get the opportunity to work in the modern
workplace, so they always excited to do their work everyday. The employees
feel more comfort during the office hour and make their high commitment on
their job.
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10.0 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING (CONT’D)
10.9 Glass Office Designed (Cont’d)
Figure 2.9- Glass Office Designed in Google Office, Zurich Switzerland
Figure 2.10-Subsection Workplace Designed in Google Office, Zurich Switzerland
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11.0 THE TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Technological Environment means the development in the field of technology
which affects business by new inventions of productions and other improvements in
techniques to perform the business work. "
To be stable in business, organizations have to stay current, purchasing the
appropriate server, database, media, router and other technologies that sustain their
work. They must leverage these evolving information technologies to match the
specifications of their stakeholders. The technologies also important to the organization
to maintain their progress of the business always are planning.
The building systems should able in whole building including air-conditioning,
lighting, security and fire alarm. This element can have the optimize performance.
Assuring flexibility to accommodate the dynamic nature of telecommunications systems
start first and foremost with properly designed pathways and spaces.
Now days, the market will be strong for high performing buildings by having:
Power supply systems that provide flexible service, reliable, clean power and
can adjust power delivery to building occupation patterns.
Wire management systems that enable quick and low-cost reconfiguration
Integration of wireless products as they become commercially viable
Distributed computing environments that have reliable cooling compatible with
human comfort.
11.1 Mobile Supports (Phones, labtops, PDAs, wireless)
The mobile supports give more changing to organization structure and
relationship. This element of technology has been supported and enable by
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transformations in information and communications technology, especially the
internet and mobile computing and communication devices. The relationship
11.0 THE TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (CONT’D)
11.1 Mobile Supports (Phones, labtops, PDAs, wireless) (Cont’d)
development and networking can easy to produce when use the mobile
supports. The examples of mobile support are phones, laptops, PDAs and
wireless. By using the mobile supports the process of sharing information,
fulfilling promises, willingness to be influenced, and listening are more easily
and efficiency. It is because communication within people by mobile supports
can make during the long time and can be followed from time to time.
Instant Messaging, Desktop Team Software, Email and Voice Mail
Technology gives us more benefits especially to done the work more
easily and fast. The instant messaging and desktop team software can be
providing to employees. Besides that, this technology should be providing to all
different departments in the organization because the information flow from
one department to another department can make in short time. The email and
voice mail helps the employees to get the information more effective and fast
because most of the people familiar doing that thing.
11.2 Video Conferencing
The use of video conferencing is the most popular medium to sharing
information between employees in the organization. Besides that, the video
conferencing also greater use of work done by groups and sometimes it can be
global conferencing. We can see the face that was join the video conference in
the desktop. The video conferencing also can help those people want to get the
information immediately because they just have to connect wireless and
internet then start to video conferencing. During the video conference the
people can show whatever information they. The advantages of this technology,
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people don’t have to attend the discussion because they can share and get more
input about their work from the video
11.0 THE TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (CONT’D)
11.2 Video Conferencing (Cont’d)
conferencing. The quality of information can be trust, so it can be the effective
communications among the employees.
The case study from University of Virginia, US has use the video
conferencing in the organization. The video conferencing is using in
interviewing, programming and staff meetings. This is the one of way that
improves the productivity of staff in the University because they don’t have to
move to interview and meeting. So they have more time to spend time more
focusing on their work.
Figure 2.11-Example of Video Conferencing in Organization
11.3 Wireless and Internet
The technological solutions respond to the changing nature of work.
Wireless and internet is the most important element to support the changing
nature of work. It is because if the organizations not provide service wireless
and internet the information flow are so limited. The problems to this type of
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organization are they difficult to have the good communication between
another organization and the process sharing
11.0 THE TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (CONT’D)
11.3 Wireless and Internet (Cont’d)
information by employees also decrease. The wireless and internet can help the
employees to get the new ideas and thinking strategic to improve productivity
of work and product.
Police Department in Turkey is using wireless as their medium to
provide security to both resident and tourism. The city-wide wireless video
surveillance network is connecting over 70 video surveillance cameras
wirelessly. Besides that, it also cans proximal wireless “Tsunami” around the
city. It is can connected to the 37 base stations for security of the “Tsunami”
events. Even the installing to this wireless system have high cost but it is the one
system that can improve the communication people in the city and also the
police department. The police department can get the information fast by using
this wireless.
Figure 2.12-Proxim Wireless Network in Turkey City,
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11.0 THE TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (CONT’D)
11.4 BUS Network
BUS configuration, each node is connected sequentially along the
network backbone. A node is any device connected to the network, such as a
computer, printer, or scanner. Backbone is the term used to describe the main
cables to which the network segments are connected. Resistors are placed at
each end of the network to ensure that the signal is terminated when it reaches
the end. When one node sends information to another node through the
network, the information travels along the backbone until it reaches the desired
receiving node. This system can help the organization to share their information
to the employees from the other departments. So, it can make sure the
communication effectiveness in the organization.
Figure 2.13- BUS Network
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11.0 THE TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (CONT’D)
11.5 STAR Network
Star configuration, each node is connected to a central hub via network
segments. When one node sends information to another node, the information
passes through the hub. The hub does not filter or route the information in
anyway; it simply serves as a connector between network segments.
Figure 2.14- STAR Network
11.6 Design Accessible, Modifiable Vertical Power, and Telecom Cores
This element is to provide modular power panels with appropriate open
riser space. Besides that, the design of accessible, modifiable vertical power and
telecom cores is to consider emerging technologies to provide secure, high-
speed access to the desktop for data, voice, security and environmental
information.
11.7 Wireless Bluetooth Headset
A wireless Bluetooth headset, coupled with Cisco-developed software,
enables workers to use their laptops to send and receive phone calls while they
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are working in a difference spaces in the connected workplace. The tools were
enabling workers to quickly locate each other in different areas of the building.
11.0 THE TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (CONT’D)
Figure 2.15- Wireless Bluetooth Headset Use in the Workplace in Jabra Corporation, US
Based on the case study of Jabra Corporation, US. This company use wireless bluetooth
headset for their employees. It is to make sure the safety at work and noise protection in the
organization. Besides that, it can improve the productivity and the efficiency in the job
performance.
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12.0 SPATIAL PROVISION AND ADAPTABILITY
There are spatial requirements for occupant’s activities and equipment that
have to make sure the good building performance. The requirements are the
organization should consult planning guides and specialist on programmed activities. All
of the document should regulatory requirements, such as building code, accessibility
laws and etc. Explore the possible necessity of making spaces flexibility to accommodate
changes in business practices, work activities and technologies. Besides that, the
organization should be consider operations and building maintenance because to avoid
the high cost of repair.
The adaptability is one of the important parts to provide the good functional of
building. There is some of adaptability of building that can affect the operations of the
building, which:
Constructability
Political Influences
Cost and Time Considerations
Accommodation
Design Life
Design Process
12.1 Parking Spaces
The parking spaces are constructed in combination with most buildings
to facilitate the coming and going of the buildings’ users. Parking spaces is
providing to locate the vehicles of the building occupants. The parking spaces
included indoor and outdoor area. There are many modes of parking spaces
such as parallel parking, perpendicular parking, angle parking or echelon parking
and other parking methods. The modes of parking depend on the building
design. If the buildings have a limited space, so the parallel parking and
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perpendicular parking can be practice. Parallel parking is the most common
mode of street side parking for cars. It may also be able to be used in parking
12.0 SPATIAL PROVISION AND ADAPTABILITY (CONT’D)
12.1 Parking Spaces (Cont’d)
lots and parking structure, but usually only to supplement parking spaces that
use other modes.
The parking spaces were facilities that important in a functioning
building. The parking spaces that have planned designed and make suitable
arrangements able to show the positive responsible image to the organization.
When the designed process of the parking spaces there are some important
thing we should be considerate. The size, height and turning radius are based on
the current automobile. Even though, the past and future trends of automobile
size and statistical quantity must be taken into account, these are called parking
geometries. The good natural ventilation also is the one important element in
parking design. It is to make sure the occupants or employees in the building
feel comfortable during park their car on the area. The zoning issues require the
number of spaces for parked automobiles because avoid crowded situation in
the parking spaces.
Figure 2.16- Underground parking garage at the University of Minnesota.
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12.0 SPATIAL PROVISION AND ADAPTABILITY (CONT’D)
Figure 2.17-Top floor of a multi-floor parking deck at Rutgers University in New Jersey.
Figure 2.18-Bombala's (perpendicular) back-in parking style.
Figure 2.19- Cars parked on the sidewalk in Moscow
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12.0 SPATIAL PROVISION AND ADAPTABILITY (CONT’D)
12.2 Cafeteria
The designed of the cafeteria will affect the organization because most
of people in the organization can go to the cafeteria to take their breakfast,
lunch and etc. Employees also can have the informal communication during
they eat. The informal communication usually happen during they take their
breakfast or lunch and maybe during they looking around.
Cafeteria in the Google Office have fulfill with the entertainment
element provided for the employees and client. The element can make the
employees more relaxing.
Figure 2.20- Cafeteria with Entertainment Area of Google Office in Zurich, Switzerland.
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12.0 SPATIAL PROVISION AND ADAPTABILITY (CONT’D)
12.2 Cafeteria (Cont’d)
Figure 2.21- Cafeteria Area of Google Office in Zurich, Switzerland.
12.3 Toilet Space
Toilet is one of the importance spaces in the building. The organization
should always keep the toilet clean to provide the comfortable situation to the
employees. The ventilation and access are two most important issues to
consider in the toilet designed. Besides that the floor and the lighting of the
toilets also should be considerate. The quality of toilet able to make employees
always uses the toilet.
In the Google Office, examples of the perfect toilet that can make the
uses feel so comfortable. The ladies toilet in the Google Office is one of
comfortable and innovative toilet. The toilet fully covers of greeting wallpaper,
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candles, mirror and romantics lighting. The relaxing designed of this toilet can
give the opportunity to the uses generate ideas and thinking more effective.
12.0 SPATIAL PROVISION AND ADAPTABILITY (CONT’D)
12.3 Toilet Space (Cont’d)
Figure 2.22- Ladies Toilet in Google Office in Zurich , Switzerland
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13.0 THE PERSONAL MICROENVIRONMENT
The definition of microenvironment is factors or elements in an organization’s
immediate area of operations that affect its performance and decision making freedom.
These factors include competitors, customers, distribution channels, suppliers and
general public.
There are six major microenvironment forces which is cultural, demographic,
economic, natural, political and technological. The natural environment is the most
importance aspect to make sure good building performance. The natural environment
involves all the natural resources, such as raw materials or energy sources. The
technological environment consists of those forces that affect the technology and which
can create new products, new markets and new marketing opportunities.
13.1 Lighting
The lighting is the important element in the building because if there is
no lighting the building cannot be functioning. The good practice is to use the
natural lighting in the designed. Maximize use of daylighting and any related
control device to reduce the energy efficiency. Besides that, the design also
should be considering emergency back-up lighting systems such as generator,
battery and etc for critical function areas. Besides that, should have the
emerging lighting technologies such as low voltage lighting systems, fiber optics
and light emitting diodes (LEDs) that provide quality lighting with greater
reliability. The problems of lighting can be affecting the progress of work.
Case study from Philip Merrill Environmental Centre in Annapolis,
Maryland have design their building with the low energy efficiency of lighting. It
is because the employees and the entire occupant in the building can enjoy
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access to daylight and views from all areas of the building. So this building also
has used the most of natural daylight.
13.0 THE PERSONAL MICROENVIRONMENT (CONT’D)
13.1 Lighting (Cont’d)
Figure 2.23- Philip Merrill Environmental Centre in Annapolis, Maryland
13.2 Air-conditioning
Employees should reduce the use of air-conditioning because it can
make the high coat of electricity. Maximize use of natural air by operable
windows and natural ventilation. The natural air, gives the employees more
oxygen from outdoor different by using the air-conditioning that just share
oxygen from the other people. The natural air can make the employees more
confident to do their work because they always feel relaxing.
Besides that, the organization can provide systems that minimize
reliance on building management or maintenance personnel. The networked
computerized building system sensors to monitor and control the air system,
such as for security, fire suppression and smoke alarm. The other system is
building automatic systems that are remotely accessible by facilities managers
to determine problem locations and monitor environmental conditions without
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disturbing workers. The systems that provide to the building are most important
for flexible workplace.
13.0 THE PERSONAL MICROENVIRONMENT (CONT’D)
5.2 Air-conditioning (Cont’d)
The air-conditioning in the workplaces area can be control by the
management team. Emerson Global Data Centre has provided the control
system of air-conditioning to save the use of air-conditioning every day. To
enhance the efficiency of the HVAC systems, a Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) model was run to simulate space loads within the data center. Air devices
then were located to ensure optimal system performance and a high
performance environment for the equipment.
Figure 2.24- Subsection of Control System in Emerson Global data Centre.
13.3 Security and Safety
The security and safety element is the most main thing that
organization should concentrate, but now this element still not take very serious
in the organization management. It is because people not already realize the
risk by ignoring this element in long period of time.
The ways that we can use of the organization to security and safety
element are provide identification or verification systems, such as card key,
fingerprints and eye scan to access or control IT, data, space and property in the
organization building. Provide hardwired smoke alarms with back-up battery
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power. Then, provide the low power usage emergency lights and LED
illuminators with rechargeable battery (back-up gel
13.0 THE PERSONAL MICROENVIRONMENT (CONT’D)
13.3 Security and Safety (Cont’s)
cell). The last is providing security systems with back-up capability for
emergency signals and communication. This security should be provide in the
organizational building because to make sure the communication within the
employees still have even in the emergency situation.
Emerson Global Data Centre in USA has use the secure and safety in
their building. In the building the glass used on the front of the building is rated
to withstand hurricane-force winds. Three separate fire protection systems also
were incorporated to provide protection in the event of an emergency,
including a pre-action dry pipe, a traditional wet system and a clean chemical
system. Besides that, the security also important to provide the security for all
the data sources in the building. It is showing the commitment of the workers.
13.4 Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
Facilities should be constructed with an appreciation of the importance
of providing high-quality, interior environments for all users. The facilitate
quality IEQ through good design, construction, operating and maintenance
practices. The good IEQ can be provide the healthy, comfortable workplace and
the employees are invariably more satisfied and productive.
The advantages of IEQ include providing thermal comfort with a
maximum degree of personal control over temperature and airflow. It is also to
supply adequate levels of ventilation and outside air to ensure indoor air
quality. Besides that, prevent airborne bacteria, mold and other fungi through
heating, ventilating, air-conditioning (HVAC) system designs that are effective at
controlling indoor humidity, and building envelope design that prevents the
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intrusion of moisture. The employees can feel more productive if the workplace
always in the conducive area. It is because the IEQ
13.0 THE PERSONAL MICROENVIRONMENT (CONT’D)
13.4 Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) (Cont’d)
improvements to an existing building can occur at any point during the use of a
building. So if the organization can still maintain the quality of IEQ, the
employees also can maintain their work performance.
The Emerson Global Data Centre in USA also provides the IEQ in this
building. It is to make sure the occupants in the building always feel health and
comfortable during do their job. Most part of the workplace in this building
have link with the natural environment. Around of this building have many trees
to provide good air for the occupants.
Figure 2.25- Sustainable Building of Emerson Global Data Centre in USA
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14.0 QUALITATIVE FACTORS
14.1 Transportation Function in Organization
The organizations that have the best practices in transportation should
be managed by excellent people that well planned organization structure.
Transportation is one of pillars of Supply Chain Management in small
organizations or large organizations. An effective supply chain strategy can be a
key differentiator for a company. To be effective, it must be align with customer
delivery requirements, production capabilities and profitable pricing level.
Companies with multi type of transportation required centralized
control and oversight. This will ensure that all of the transportation has the
strategy guides. The top transportation executive should have a formal
education in logistics and transportation, at least at the undergraduate level if
not Master’s degree level. Some of the companies have been mention the
management of the transportation department such as traffic manager,
transportation supervisor and etc. It is because transportation is the most
important issues to maintain the planning in organization. Effective
transportation organizations are learning organizations. If there is no
transportation, the employees cannot present their good product to the
customer and the product not able to deliver early by using transportation. So,
the transportation in a reality is very helpful in an organization and able to
improve the quality of works.
(Goodwill, september 2010)
14.2 IT Services Management
IT service management is a discipline for managing information
technology (IT) systems, centered on the customer’s perspective. The IT services
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cannot just focus on technology in the internal organization, but now the
organization have to consider the quality of the services they provide and focus
on the relationship between employees and customer.
14.0 QUALITATIVE FACTORS (CONT’D)
14.3 Strong Management Team
The team management in an organization should be strategic and
effective. To maintain an effective management team is keys to success of any
business or organization. The strong of management team not just only consider
needs to make sure your organization functions well, but also needs of the unit
your hire will be responsible for managing. The good management in the
organization can make the employees more confident to do their work.
(Jack Junier, Nov 2007)
14.4 Quality Framework
The quality framework provides the structure and tools for disability
providers to deliver high quality services in an organization. There are eight
critical dimensions or categories of quality that can serve as a framework for
strategic analysis which is performance, features, reliability, conformance,
durability, serviceability, aesthetics and perceived quality.
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ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY IN AN ORGANISATION
1.0 Objective
The objective to be achieve in the organization is : a) Satisfactionb) Comfortc) To increase productivityd) Improved speed and accuracy the task performede) Feel safe in building they occupy
2.0 Features
The features in the environmental can be dividing into three (3) categories, is:-a) Environmental b) Economicc) Health and Community
2.1 Environmental
Enhancement and protection of ecosystem
Improvement of air and water quality
Reduction of solid waste by using building materials
Conservation of natural resources
2.2 Economic
Reduction of operating and energy cost
Enhancement of asset value and profits
Improvement of employee productivity and satisfaction
Optimization of life-cycle economic performance
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2.0 Features (Cont’d)
2.3 Health and Community
Improvement of indoor air thermal, and acoustic environments
Enhancement of comfort and health for employee, tenants, students and customers
Minimization strain on local infrastructure by using less energy, water, and reducing solid waste
Improvement of overall quality of life employee, tenants, students and customers.
3.0 Issues
3.1 Costs
Typically building cost includes the cost of design, materials, construction, and
permitting and approval costs. Green building must also include these costs in
the budget process, and if green building elements are incorporated early on,
green buildings can be built within the same cost range as non-green buildings.
Green buildings differ from conventional buildings, however in that many of the
financial benefits will be realized over the long-term life of the building.
Measuring the cost of green building is more complex than simply measuring
the costs of materials and construction for a green building versus the costs of
materials for a conventionally built building.
3.2 Long-term energy and operations / maintenance cost
These issues to consider whether savings in operations and maintenance costs,
and energy use outweigh or compensate for any initial increased costs of green
building. The main argument of these issues is that if green buildings cost more
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in materials to build, this difference will be recouped due to the savings in
infrastructure, maintenance and energy use over to five years of a building’s
operation.
3.0 Issues (Cont’d)
3.3 Lower cost to society due to environmental benefits
These issues to consider whether societal benefits of green building can be
quantified, and if so, whether those benefits are worthy of encouraging through
legislation or other policy or economic measures.
For example, because green buildings utilize materials that include recycled
materials as well as materials that will be less harmful to the environment, the
‘costs’ of these materials is lower due to reduction in disposal costs and lower
costs of remediation actions.
3.4 Health and productivity benefits due to green building
For many business, the costs of salaries and benefits far exceed the cost energy.
Several issues explore whether green building can significantly increase worker
productivity and improve worker health, as well as improve worker recruitment
and retention, thus lowering labor costs for employers. This benefit would not
accrue to the builder, but would accrue to the business owner or corporation
that might be considering whether to build green.
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4.0 Case Study
4.1 Tower of Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS)
Tower of Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS)
The new office tower headquarters for Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) in Rhode Island
was designed to meet national goals for efficiency and sustainability, while encouraging
good health and morale for its workforce, reports Providence Journal.
Blue Cross officials told the Providence Journal that their building promotes a healthy
economy and a healthy environment and that it will save $25 million over 23 years.
The $90-million, ($125 million including furnishings and “soft” costs such as fees and
engineering) 13-story green building is expected to recover the additional costs in a
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relatively short time by saving on electricity, paper, natural gas and water, reports the
newspaper.
4.0 Case Study (Cont’d)
4.1 Tower of Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) (Cont’d)
Green features include a green roof, special compost and recycling stations, and big
tanks on the top floor to collect 6,000 gallons of storm water and supply it to the air
conditioning system, which reduces runoff of pollution and the use of potable water,
reports Providence Journal.
To save water, toilets have buttons that provide a choice in how much water is flushed,
and all furnishings are recycled or recyclable. The building also has plenty of light from
nine-foot windows with low sills for “daylight harvesting.”
James E. Purcell, Blue Cross president and chief executive officer told the Providence
Journal the green features cost about $1 million extra but the company will recoup the
money quickly. Energy savings alone will be more than $160,000 annually, reports the
newspaper.
The Blue Cross building is the latest in a stream of “green” buildings completed recently
in Rhode Island, reports Providence Journal, aimed to meet the U.S. Green Building
Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) building standard.
Other examples cited in the article include the recent opening of a new $60-million
headquarters for FM Global in Johnston, a $14-million library at the University of Rhode
Island’s Bay Campus, and a $59-million biotechnology center at URI’s Kingston campus.
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4.0 Case Study (Cont’d)
4.2 Office Building
Businesses today are seeking to remain Eco-friendly like never before. Getting rid of the
old ideas and adapting those that are newer and fresher, ensures that they are able to
get a green office that is reasonable and functional. With all the various initiatives and
benefits of a greener office, why not join in and create a more Eco-friendly office? After
all, the world that is set today will be in motion for the generations to follow, which
does include any children or grandchildren you may have along the way. Helping to
create a better world for the future includes getting in the trend of green operation,
which can be done through these 10 ways to a truly green office.
Recycled supplies. This is very important in getting a greener office, as the supplies you
use each day can be great and they are all obtained through plants such as trees and
other materials that can destroy the environment as well. When you use recycled office
supplies, you are helping to conserve the resources of today, while preventing pollution.
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Recycle. When you are getting ready for trash day, make note to observe recycling as it
is one of the most effective ways you can really achieve a green office. Sorting trash and
4.0 Case Study (Cont’d)
4.2 Office Building (Cont’d)
recyclables isn’t difficult in the office, especially if you are utilizing appropriate
containers to discard various items based on recyclability.
CFL or LED lights. When it comes to your office’s lights, you would be surprised just how
much energy is generated to power them non-stop throughout the day. If you switch
your lights to CFL or LED lights, however, you can save up to 85% on energy costs from
the bulbs alone. These are both great examples of energy efficient replacements for
older technologies.
Lighting motion sensors. Why should the lights be on when you aren’t in the room?
With lighting motion sensors, they don’t have to be, as they only light up when there is
movement detected within the room. Once you leave the room, the lights will turn back
off, allowing the office to only utilize the energy that it really needs for adequate
function.
Turn everything off when not in use. If you aren’t using something, there is no reason
why it should be on. In fact, you should be trying your best to keep anything that isn’t in
use turned off to save as much energy as possible.
Use laptops instead of desktops. The great convenience and benefit of a laptop is you
are using only a very small percentage of the energy you would use with desktop
computers. A desktop generally is plugged in and running all day from electrical current,
while the laptop utilizes battery power.
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4.0 Case Study (Cont’d)
4.3 G-tower Building
Now leasing, GTower on Jalan Tun Razak in Kuala Lumpur City Centre (KLCC) is the first
Malaysian building to receive an international green certification.
Singapore’s Building & Construction Authority has given it provisional status as a Green
Mark Gold rated building. The building is a 30-story twin tower owned by Goldis Berhad
(Goldis) and was built at an estimated cost of RM470 million ($134 million). It is a mixed-
use development containing a 180-room 5-star hotel, 100,000 ft2 of general office space,
another ~400,000 ft2 spread amongst 112 CEO duplex suites and numerous meeting
rooms. Additionally, there is a private club, lobby bar/café, rooftop bar, other food &
beverage outlets and a wellness floor with gym, yoga, spa and pool facilities.
The building is designed to maximize energy and water efficiency. According to Colin Ng,
Head of Corporate Investment at Goldis, energy efficient building systems will cut
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carbon dioxide emissions by at least 60% (Source: The Green Channel). The IT
infrastructure alone is expected to produce 30% energy savings. They installed 3Com’s
4.0 Case Study (Cont’d)
4.3 G-tower Building (cont’d)
Intelligent Building Solutions (3CiBS) products which combine state of the art hardware
and software that optimize network capacity while reducing power consumption and
carbon emissions.
After construction began, Goldis brought on a consultant to implement green features.
This Architecture Malaysia article provides more details. Five areas were addressed with
a multitude of technologies and installations:
Energy Efficiency – double glazed windows; efficient chiller plant system for cooling;
efficient lighting system with sensors and controls to minimize usage; efficient
elevators/escalators; extensive use of green roofing, landscaping and green walls
Water Efficiency – efficient fittings (faucets, toilets, showers, etc.) connecting to building
management system to monitor leakage, etc.; rain water harvesting for irrigation of all
the greenery; collection of condensate for water tanks
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Site & Project Management – direct link to LRT station (mass transit train); monitoring
and reduction of construction waste; extensive use of recycled building materials
4.0 Case Study (Cont’d)
4.3 G-tower Building (cont’d)
Indoor Environmental Quality & Environmental Protection – dynamic ventilation
through building management system; monitoring and detection of carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide and refrigerant chemicals; low VOC paint and wallpaper
Energy, Water and Waste Innovations – heat recovery system; eco-cool outdoor air
coolers; eco friendly pool sanitation; auto-tube cleaning system for chiller; anti-
corrosion coating for air handling units; organic fish pond (to provide fish for restaurants
in building); recycling center; bridge bar made of all recycled materials
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IMPLICATION ON IMPROVISATION TO AN ORGANIZATION
1.0 Case Study: Nortel Network, Canada
Architecture is said to have helped reinvent the company, reworked how they work, cut
costs, and boosted productivity.
Employees and customers who visit the building can see tangible evidence of Nortel’s
state-of-the-art technology and working.
There is a centrally located cyber-shop displaying the latest products. ”Homebase is a
house within the building demonstrating home office solutions.
Nortel Network was invested about $50 million to their new building, but it is estimated
to have saved the company $100 million over from their new building.
Nortel and its executives see the facility as a brilliant vehicle for changing
the company, promoting its values and products, attracting new recruits, and keeping
staff happy. All this and significant cost savings is a winning package for communication
and collegiality.
Hypercommunication during the planning process informed people of
the ideas behind the new workplaces, and several hundred participated in focus groups
to invent the details. Many managers were coaxed out of their offices into the open
plan. Alternate officing packages of hoteling and homework were made available, with a
business center in the HQ.
In this building, business units can readily arrange, then rearrange their layouts to
meet work demands, as long as they obey the planning rules that govern the building
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zones. And each unit has its own "town hall" of meeting rooms, and a distinctive color
scheme.
1.0 Case Study: Nortel Network, Canada (Cont’d)
The implication on improvisation to an organization can be categories to several
level of achievement. Different level needs a different specification to suite the
environment that will give the total effect and impact due to achievement of highest
productivity.
The level that included in this case study is:
1. Organization Level
2. Public Level
3. Individual Level
4. Department Level
2.0 Organization Level
2.1 Overall performance of the organization
Executive management and the organization's owners, shareholders
and stakeholders see satisfactory results, due to high productivity and
quality of work, high turnover of personnel and receptive unions.
2.2 Reduce energy consumption
e.g.: electricity, water and ventilation
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Use as low as the energy spending of the building to support the government
regulation towards the better future.
2.3 Cost reduction
When the energy consumption is minimize, the cost to operate the
building will also reduce. Thus can give benefit to the organization, for example
the company can provide more facilities in the building and this will increase the
productivity of the workers.
3.0 Public Level
3.1 Give the corporate and professional image to the organization.
The expectation and trust from customer is important thus it is essential
to show customer that the organization is well established.
Nortel Networks have provided the virtual-reality headsets that
can be donned for an interactive ride through the company’s intranet. The
“City” has many landmarks designed to make the place so attractive that
people don’t want to leave it
4.0 Individual Level
4.1 Encourage the Stress Reduction and Leisure
The design in the Nortel Network's building also provide names likes
Main Street and Memory Lane and highlights services from the travel shop,
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Internet café, restaurant and sandwich outlets, a vast chess board, plazas,
artwork, conference area, gym, and a general store.
4.0 Individual Level (Cont’d)
4.1 Encourage the Stress Reduction and Leisure (Cont’d)
In other word, the management can provide the cafeterias in the
incorporating spaces that will encourage relaxed engagement with colleagues to
reduce stress and promote a sense of communities.
Companies increasingly believe that staff accepts a job in the first
place partly on the basis of the design of the physical environment. Nortel had
seen a rise in job applications since the building opened. The aim was to
stimulate the senses in the course of day's work as people move away from
their workstation into the urban facilities.
5.0 Department Level
5.1 Incorporated and efficient communication
The Nortel Network’s aim was to stimulate the senses in the course of a
day’s work as people move away from their workstations into the urban
facilities. People appreciate that communications and interaction are far easier
here than in most offices.
Employees can use the office networking systems or connectivity. (e.g.:
intercom and internet services)
Provide more brainstorming room and meeting room.
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Provide individual telephone and perhaps the video conferencing facilities so
that can minimize staff members and reduce business travel and expenses.
Thus can increase communication in organization and teamwork between
employees and they can do their work efficiently and effectively.
REFERENCES
1) Flexible Workplace Environment, 2009 [online]. Available at <http://www.millipore.com/sustainability/flx0/case_study_mywork> [Accessed 14 Feb 2010]
2) Workplace Innovation-Productivity and Quality Workplace, 2005 [online]. Available at <http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/emcc/content/source/eu05013a.htm>[Accessed 14 Feb 2010]
3) How Cisco Achieved Environmental Sustainability in the Connected Workplace, 2007 [online]. Available at<http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ciscoitatwork/downloads/ciscoitatwork/pdf/Cisco_IT_Case_Study_Green_Office_Design.pdf> [Accessed 14 Feb 2010]
4) Google Office Design in Zurich [online]. Available <http://www.newhouseofart.com/google-offices-design-in-zurich >[Accessed 14 Feb 2010]
5) Google Workplace Design, 2005 [online]. Available at< http://www.niallkennedy.com/blog/2006/07/google-workplace.htm> [Accessed 14 Feb 2010]
6) Behind The Glass Curtain,2006 [online]. Available at<http://www.metropolismag.com/story/20060619/behind-the-glass-curtain> [Accessed 14 Feb 2010]
7) Measuring Performance of Sustainable Buildings, 2010 [online]. Available at<http://www.wbdg.org/resources/measperfsustbldgs.php>[Accessed 16 Feb 2010]
8) CBPCA An Association for Contractors and Building Performance Professionals,2002 [online] Available at < http://thecbpca.org> [Accessed 16 Feb 2010]
9) Making Workplaces Work Better, 2010 [online] Available at <http://www.abetterworkplace.com/total_quality.htm>l [Accessed 16 Feb 2010]
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10) Videoconferencing,2005 [online]. Available at <http://itc.virginia.edu/videoconf/video-info/vr-sec8.html> [Accessed 16 Feb 2010]
REFERENCES (CONT’D)
11) Jabra, 2011 [online]. Available at <http://www.jabra.com/Pages/ChannelSelector.aspx?source=www.jabra.com> [Accessed 20 Feb 2010]
12) Garvin, David .A,1987. Competing on the Eight Dimensions of Quality, Harvard Business Review.
13) Amina Hameed, 2009. Impact Office Design on Employee’s Productivity Department of Management Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
14) http://www.nald.ca/library/research/report2/rep17-01.htm :11 FEB 5.40AM
15) http://www.abetterworkplace.com/total_quality.html 11 feb 4.45pm
16) http://www.plant-maintenance.com/articles/5S.pdf 11 feb 5.20pm
17) http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Pr-Sa/Quality-Gurus.html 11 feb 5.30pm
18) http://www.outsourcingmalaysia.org.my/capabilities/28-facilities-management.php 13 feb 4pm
19) http://betterworkplacenow.com/flexart.html 13 Feb 7.15pm
20) http://www.wbdg.org/design/design_change.php 13 Feb 7.15pm
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21) http://www.womensmedia.com/lead/149-building-a-flexible-workplace.html 13 Feb 7.28pm
22) http://www.opentext.com/2/global/products/products-opentext-social-workplace.htm 14 Feb 4.20am
REFERENCES (CONT’D)
23) http://ezinearticles.com/?Five-Simple-Steps-to-Improve-Productivity&id=3685496 16 Feb 5.15am
24) http://mgv.mim.edu.my/books/bookpref/8904.htm 16 Feb 5.10am
Building Performance