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Building Teacher Efficacy In Literacy Instruction
What Reading Coaches and Specialists Need To Know
Presented By:
Maya Morrison-Sadder
Is it our role to build teacher efficacy?
YES!!!!!
Our Role As Literacy Coordinators Also Includes…
IRA• Supporting teachers to improve students’ reading, writing, and
communication skills and content area achievement
Neufeld and Roper• Content Coach & Change Coach ; Change coaches act as
change agents help principals plan, organize, implement teacher leadership
Chicago Public Schools• Implement differentiated instruction• Analyze assessment data• Help teachers interpret data to drive instruction
Self - Efficacy Is Defined As…
According to Bandura:
“beliefs in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the course of action required to produce given attainments”
How Self Efficacy Affects Human Function –According to Bandura…
People will be more inclined to take on a task if they believe they can succeed
‘Optimum’ level of self efficacy is a little above ability
People with high self efficacy in a task are more likely to expend more effort, and persist longer
Low self efficacy can lead people to believe tasks are harder than they actually are
People with a high self efficacy are generally of the opinion that they are in control of their own lives
Teacher Efficacy Is…Teacher efficacy measures the extent to which teachers believe their efforts will have a positive effect on student achievement (Henson, 2001)
Building Teacher EfficacyHow does teacher efficacy impact teaching?
How does teacher efficacy impact student achievement ?
How can I as a Reading Specialist, build and support teacher efficacy in literacy instruction?
How does teacher efficacy impact instruction?
Efficacious teachers plan more (Allinder, 1994)persist longer with students who struggle (Gibson&Dembo,
1984) and are less critical of student errors(Ashton & Webb, 1986).
More willing to accept the risk of negative feedback from a coach ( Ross, 1992)
More likely to see coaching as an opportunity to expand and consolidate their teaching techniques (Ross, 1992)
Proven to be an important variable in teacher effectiveness (Ross,1992)
How does teacher efficacy impact student achievement ?
Researches have repeatedly related teacher efficacy to a variety of positive teaching behaviors and student outcomes (cf. Tschannen-Moran, Woolfolk Hoy, & Hoy, 1998)
Teacher efficacy is strongly related to achievement ( Ashton & Webb, 1986;Moore & Esselman, 1992; Ross, 1992)
Previous research has found that teacher efficacy predicts teachers’ implementation of innovative programs and student achievement ( Ross, 1992)
Student achievement would be higher in the classrooms of teachers with high teacher efficacy beliefs , was confirmed ( Ross, 1992)
How can I as a Reading Specialist, build and support
teacher efficacy in literacy instruction? The Three Phases
Foundation – Connect, Set GRRATE expectations, Observe, Prepare, Be Present – Permission CheckLearning Loop – Share perceptions of performance, Ask learning questions to explore beliefs, Respectfully and reflectively listenForwarding the Action – Solicit and suggest options, Request specific changes, Require changes in performance levels, Clarify action, commitment and follow up plan, Offer support
(Crane, 2002)
In Practice…First Steps During This Past School Year Needs Assessments Grade Level Teacher Leadership Literacy Team Foundation to be grounded in constructivist leadership; Focused
heavily on the importance of conversations – The Constructivist Leader (Lampert,2000)
Clear vision, goals and benchmarks aligned to standards Strong grade level collaboration to strengthen cohesion and provide
support Focus on analyzing student work and use of formative assessments to
drive instruction Ongoing direct support in the classrooms through coaching, modeling
and observing
Impact of Teacher Efficacy on Teaching…(NTA)
Dared to be reflectiveAppreciative of our roles and viewed Specialists as partnersReady to try new techniquesRealized value of research and utilized it in practiceFocused squarely on student achievement – strengthening of school visionAdmitted when they need helpVerbally expressed “aha” moments and shared them collectively Realized they don’t have to professionally develop in a workshop – information can be used and digested over timeTrusted their own judgmentBelieved their students can learn and they play a major role student learning
Impact of Teacher Efficacy on Student Achievement …(NTA)
Ownership of learningParticipant as opposed to observer in the classroomUnderstands learning is continuous – not as concerned with getting it right – more concerned with the journey Every student was reading a book independently – students could name book, author, etc…Third grade students improved leaps and bounds according to running records testing and classroom assessmentsUpper grade students improved according to SRI , fluency snapshots and writing samplesStudents believed adults were there to help and support their learning process Reading became a favorite subject
What I learned…Keep It Simple Sweetie
LISTEN
Record, file, chronicle all needs assessments, PD presentations, notes, etc… review over time for reflection and as a reference
Ask questions to problem solve
Most important role of constructivist leadership is to facilitate the
conversations
In Summation… as an Administrator, Teacher Leader or Reading Specialist to build teacher efficacy ….
Keep It Simple ( initiatives, vision, goals)Observe literacy instruction early and oftenCelebrate accomplishments and small milestones with positive feedbackEngage in conversations with teachers about literacy philosophy, understand process for teaching and learning from visiting classroomsProvide teachers with data & research that models desired improvement (90/90/90)Understand ‘Systems Management’ (Senge)Be willing to show teachers, tell teachers, provide research and then show, tell teachers, and provide research again, and again, and again…Build PLC’s & understand adult learnersReading Specialist – plan lessons with teachers, co teach and present PD together
Reflection
Coaching is a journey…You will never arriveParadoxical Commandments
People are illogical, unreasonable, and self-centered. Love them anyway.
If you are successful, you win false friends and true enemies. Succeed anyway.
The good you do today will be forgotten tomorrow. Do good anyway.
People really need help but may attack you if you do help them. Help them anyway.
--Kent M. Keith
QUESTIONS???
