© Nokia 20161

Building the NextGeneration Converged Access Network

© Nokia 20162

Human impatience is the killer app

-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500

HD video (4x)

Web & Cloud apps

Home security

4K Video (4x)

Online backup / storage

8K video (4x)

Virtual Reality (consumer)

Immersive VR

Instant Gratification

Cloud interactivity

Upstream (Mbps)

Peak bandwidth is key for the user experience (human impatience is the killer app)

Sustained bandwidth(all users, all the time)is basic enabler

Downstream (Mbps)

Upstream Bandwidth is going to be theDriver?

Future Usecases

What is driving the bandwidth growth?Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 20163

The end and the beginning

Past/Present Future

Business

Solutions Technology-driven Human/Business-driven

Driver Consumer (GB) Industry (BW, Latency, SLA)

Innovation SpeedPer decade(new services)

Per day(new apps)

Technology

Architecture Heavily Centralized (100ms, 10M) Massively Distributed (1ms, 1G)

FlexibilityLimited (Provisioned)

Large(Software definable)

SharingStatic and Limited(HW VPNs )

Dynamic and Infinite(SW Slices)

IndustryDynamic

InvestmentSingular(Operator only)

Multiple & Cooperative(Many contributors/new players)

Standards Definitive Iterative

Partnership Limited w/APIs Co-design w/Open specs

We arehere

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 20164

The New Driver: Automation of Everything

Discover(Information)

Sell(Media)

Share(Personal)

Share(Media)

Automate(Everything)

Enterprises,Business

& Verticals

Consumers

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 20165

The New Architecture

ConvergedEdge Cloud

2 Software defined, end-end

Smart Network Fabric3

Universal Adaptive Core

4Access agnosticconverged core

modular, decomposednetwork functions

Common data layer

Programmable Network OS

5Dynamiccustomerservices

Dynamicnetwork optimization

Management &Orchestration

SDN NFV

Multi-operatorfederation

self-optimizedcoverage & capacity

MassiveScale Access

1

Long fibers

AccessRemote

Shortwaves & wires

Digital Value Platforms

7 ANP, CSP, ICP, Vertical apps

External data sources

Open APIs

Augmented Cognition Systems

6 Machine learningAnalytics

Humans& Machines

Dynamic Data Security

8

• New trust framework

• Ecosystem sharing

• Mass edge monitoring

We arehere

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 20166

Increasing Synergies between Fixed and Mobile AccessesEfficiency, simplicity and investment protection

FTTBFTTH FTTTap

5G to the Home

Wifi hot spot

Small cell backhaul

5G

Metrocell

Next gen fronthaul

WTTHvCCAP

Mobile Access

Fixed Wireless Access

Hybrid CPE

Fixed Access

FTTdp

Evolution of the Access Network to support any PHY

LONG WIRES with

SHORT WAVES

“Fiber to the most economical point”

Central / Hub Office

5G Commercial

FDX DOCSIS

mmWaveP2PGbE

10G EPON

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 20167 Nokia Internal Use

How do we build this future network?

1

2

3

4

Embrace and and Utilize Virtualization

Big Pipes for Transport

Unified Access Devices

Going inside the Home

© Nokia 20168

Cutting through the access virtualization hype

Peak of inflated expectations

• Business agility

• Lower TCO

Technology trigger

Slope of enlightenment

Plateau of productivity

• Real-world use cases

• Concrete benefits

Trough of disillusionment

• Multi-Vendor integration is complex

• Open Source SW is not free

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 20169

Service innovation drives network complexity

How to sustain the data growth with ultra-dense networks?

How to adapt to diverse and fast changing end user service needs?

How to manage growing heterogeneous network complexity?

How to protect investments while evolving the network?

How to create new monetization opportunities for the network operator?

Services and innovation drive data growth

Data growth drives complexity

Nokia Internal Use

10 © Nokia 2016

SDN/NFV is key to streamline and scale

Open software framework & interfaces

• Leverage 3rd party / open source

• Integrate easily across systems, networks, and partners

Data & functions in the cloud (NFV)

• Program / control networks from the cloud (SDN)

• Add intelligence & open up data

• Roll out new apps, capabilities quickly

Data-center infrastructure

• Dynamically add capacity

• Transcend the limitations of access node CPU & RAM

• Streamline operations

Open API

Soap/XML

FTTx

Cable

Fiber to the home

Open software framework

Open API

Netconf/YANG

Automation

Slicing 3rd party

Open Source Management Protection

Configuration Troubleshooting

Access Node

Real-time

Forwarding

Physical layer

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 201611

Today’s network

Proprietary southbound

interface

Monolithic access node

Proprietary northbound

interface

Traditional OSS/BSS

Mgmt

Control

Data

Phy

Slow innovation cycle

• Slow, fixed release cycle• Massive testing &

validation• Limited to vendor-

specific HW & SW

Static architecture

• New features require equipment upgrade

• Limited scalability & flexibility

High integration effort

• New effort for every vendor, solution, and release

Closed environment

• No direct access to functions or data

• Proprietary Interfaces

Monolithic access node- Proprietary HW & SW- All functions in node- Limited by HW & SW

DOCSIS OSSI

Dedicated EMS

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 201612

micronodes datacenter ultra-dense

Open interfaces

Data

Phy

SDN OSS/BSS

Open SW framework- IT-like practice- Modular plug & play- Open source & 3rd party

Open interfaces

Central

intelligence

& orchestration

Central intelligence

& orchestration

Continuous integration

• Dev Ops approach• High upgradability

High scalability & flexibility

• Dynamically expandable architecture

• Automation • Programmable

architecture

Plug & play

• Modular building blocks • Open standardized

interfaces

Open eco-system

• Innovative, purpose-built applications

• from different vendors & open source

• Enables micro-services

Tomorrow’s Software Defined Access Network

Heterogenous nodes- Real-time functions in node- Mgmt & control in cloud

Nokia Internal Use

13 © Nokia 2016

SDAN use cases

Cable access orchestrationReduce power & space by virtualizing CCAP functionality; transparently provision DOCSIS or PON users in a cable access network

5G fronthaulover Optical AccessOptimized PON latency to meet 5G fronthauldelay needs, with cloud-based control and integration

TWDM-PON Wavelength mobilityCloud-based management of dynamically assigned wavelengths, for protection, high-availability, and load balancing

Network slicingCreate virtual slices of the network infrastructure to support wholesale, different services, or unbundling

True SDN in the HomeEnable highly responsive and dynamic networks inside the home using SDN concepts.

Nokia Internal Use

14 © Nokia 2016

TodayAccess Network Transformation

RF

Access LayerAccess LayerAccess Layer

Analog OpticalTransport

Ethernet Switch

Edge RouterCCAP

Wireless RAN

RF

Fiber Node

Switching Fabric

Access Layer

WirelessRAN

Remote DOCSIS

Remote PON

Routing and Services

Access Control and Orchestration

Unify Physical Network Elements under common control and orchestration

layer

Enables multi-access roll-out at dramatically lower capex and opex

Scale layers when demand is needed

Routing

Separate Managementand Operation

Nokia GainspeedArchitecture

P/S Gateway

Nokia Internal Use

15 © Nokia 2016

Future - Edge CloudAccess Network Transformation

Switching Fabric

Access Layer

Remote DOCSIS

Remote PON

vRouter and vServices

Edge Cloud POD Orchestration

Switching Fabric

Access Layer

Remote DOCSIS

Remote PON

Routing and Services

Access Control and Orchestration

VNF

Orchestration

Topology

Orchestration

Device

Management

Abstraction

Common Services

IPDR AgentSNMP

Agent

De-compose Control and Orchestration

Open-source tools for common capabilities

for logging, telemetry, etc…

WirelessRAN

WirelessRAN

Nokia Internal Use

16 © Nokia 2016

CableLabs VNE VPI TR

Application or Service

Application or Service

Software Defined Network Controller

Network Connected

Devices

Network Connected

Devices

Network Connected

Devices

Service Layer

Control Layer

Network Layer

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 201617

CORD Proof-of-Concepts Moving Control Plane

4p vOLT prototype

ONT

SDN Controller - ONOS

OpenFlow NETCONF

2x

v802.1x(authentication)

vIGMPvHA

(cross-OLT)

12

CPE

High-Availability(Protection/Redundancy) Performance Scaling

OpenFlowSwitch

NGPON2 mobility

Performance

Network Slicing (incl. Virtual Access Networks)

6

3

5

4

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 201618

Bringing SDN/NFV to the lab

Virtual Machine (Ubuntu 16.04 VM)

RadiusAccess

VirtualizerVLC server

Internal (lab) network

XGS-PON

ONOS

Docker containers

Data VLAN & Multicast VLAN

CapacityMemory : 64GDisk : 300 GCores : 24Dedicated interfacesData VLANManagement VLANMulticast VLANInternet VLAN

Management VLAN

SD-OLTNokia prototype hardware

Min. 2 ONTs

VLC Client,Browser

BrowserSSH

Internet

RS-232(FX comp, double br)

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 201619

Nokia “Bluebox” SD-OLT proof-of-concept

• Validating & benchmarking SDN/NFV use cases• Balancing performance & network economics for PNFs & VNFs• Contribute research insights to open-source & standards • Carrier-grade for best scalability, performance, reliability

Nokia “Bluebox” SD-OLT/vOLT DemoSDN/NFV foundations

Demonstration use cases

Virtualization of OLT Control & Management plane functions1. Disaggregation of 802.1x & Radius function2. Disaggregation of DHCP function3. Disaggregation of IGMP Proxy function

Integration with Persistent Management Agent4. NETCONF/YANG Subscriber Provisioning

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 201620

To expand the human possibilities of the connected worldUnlocking the full potential of Digital Home

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 201621

Drivers of Smart Home : According to Maslow

People are willing to pay

The Stuart Smalley “I’m good enough. I’m Smart Enough …”

Smart Mirror

Next KillerApp?

+

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 201622

Smart home: MAIN PILLARSServices that matter

Digital Health

Health

EfficiencyComfort

Security

Home Security

Home Auto-

mation

Smart Energy

HOME SECURITY• 36B€ worldwide market(@2017, Goldman Sachs)

• Proven willingness-to-pay by subscribers

ENERGY MANAGEMENT• IoT can make smart homes

40% more energy efficient• In developed countries,

30% of energy consumption is homes -significant overall savings!

Remote HEALTH• Remote patient / elder

monitoring/assisted living• Potential savings, just in North-

America, $300B per year• Opportunity (US alone) $30B

Automation• Orchestration

to make all thesefunctions work

• Is there any value?

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 201623

The New Architecture

ConvergedEdge Cloud

2 Software defined, end-end

Smart Network Fabric3

Universal Adaptive Core

4Access agnosticconverged core

modular, decomposednetwork functions

Common data layer

Programmable Network OS

5Dynamiccustomerservices

Dynamicnetwork optimization

Management &Orchestration

SDN NFV

Multi-operatorfederation

self-optimizedcoverage & capacity

MassiveScale Access

1

Long fibers

AccessRemote

Shortwaves & wires

Digital Value Platforms

7 ANP, CSP, ICP, Vertical apps

External data sources

Open APIs

Augmented Cognition Systems

6 Machine learningAnalytics

Humans& Machines

Dynamic Data Security

8

• New trust framework

• Ecosystem sharing

• Mass edge monitoring

We arehere

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 201624

The Future of Indoor (Residential/Small Office)

Nokia Internal Use

Transforming the indoor environment into a self-configuring, self-optimizing, self-learning, self-sensing space

1

2

3

4

Cognitive and self-aware Network

Self-Sensing Network

Context Aware Indoor Service

Augment Indoor Experience with Virtual Spaces

© Nokia 201625

Key goals:

• An indoor network shipped in a box and installed with zero service help

• Delivering a consistent (multi) Gigabit experience across the building

Nokia Internal Use

1. Cognitive and self-aware Network

SLAProfit

AI

Back-bone

Cloud

Channel

Association

Deployment

CCA

Access

Controller

Bell Labs innovations to realize self-X indoor network with seemingly infinite capacity

Cognitive algorithms using sensor input for self-optimization (2x)

Ultra low cost antenna technology (e.g. printed arrays)

Co-ordination of multiple access points to enhance capacity and coverage (3x)

Spacial reuse of capacity with multiple beamsand active beam steering

Self installable multi-gigabit backbone wireless or reusing available cable

© Nokia 201626

Key Goals:

• Sensing motion and emotion without wristbands or specialized sensors

• Non-intrusive identification without webcams or microphones

Nokia Internal Use

2. Creating a Space with a 6th Sense

“Sensor-less” sensing by maximum reuse of indoor infrastructure

SLAProfit

AI

Back-bone

Cloud

Channel

Association

Deployment

CCA

Access

Controller

Identification of people through cognitive learning of motion patterns

Cm-accuracy for localization using phase and time of any signal from wristband or device

Tomography for localization of people without any beacon signal

Heartbeat and breathing with RADAR reusing wireless access points Track sleep Detect fall Track activity

© Nokia 201627

Key Goal: Create holistic understanding using multi-modal inputs from indoor and any other available sensors

• Connect – Safely connect to all “Things”,

• Sensing – Capture phenomena as they happen,

• Understand – Extract live insights,

• Control – Take ‘right’ action in context for service.

Create innovative service platform with

• Augmented understanding based on multi-modal and multi-stage stream processing,

• Automatic controls for applications/services.

Nokia Internal Use

3. Context aware indoor service experience

Building an architecture and platform that takes the 6th sense of Future Indoor to new levels

SLAProfit

AI

Back-bone

Cloud

Channel

Association

Deployment

CCA

Access

Controller

© Nokia 201628

Key Goal: Human-centric, intuitive management for collections of IoT devices, content, and services – with security, privacy, and trust.

• Build on-demand “virtual spaces”(vSpaces) –controlled collections of devices, content, and services,

• Leverage indoor context for self-configuration of virtual spaces with desired security and privacy.

Approach:

• Automatic device profiler,

• Device-level policy controller and conflict resolver,

• Proactive vSpace manager.

Nokia Internal Use

4. Augment Future Indoor with Trusted Virtual Spaces

Future indoor extended to virtual spaces that are as intuitive as the physical home or office

Virtual Home away from home

Virtual OfficeRestricted access to 3rd party

Virtual visits of friends and family

© Nokia 201629

Software Defined Home Network

Future Home Connectivity

Distributed Gigabit Wifi WAN CPE

Inexpensive Distributed EZ Installed WiFi Nodes with wireless and wired connectivity

Whole House / Business Coverage for Gigabit Wireless Connectivity

Ubiquitous 8k Video Support in home

Embedded Sensor Platform

Simplify the variants of devices supported by Nokia

EZ or Self Install with Zero Touch Configuration

High Performance External Antenna

Allows for Optimal Placement for best performance

Wifi Nodes

Bluetooth / IOT

Cloud Based Applications

WiFi, WiGig, 3.5G?

Home Network Extends Beyond the Home

Create platform to on board new services and applications without entering home

Create virtual services and spaces with isolation and security

Define policies to share devices despite physical location

Sensors

Ethernet / MoCA / G.hn

Low LatencyGigabit Connectivity

Moving To

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 201630

NGPON2

Post-NGPON2

Strategic Options In Optical Access

TDM

WDM

EPON

10/1 EPON

25G TDM 1l

Existing2013

1G

TWDM

Colourless P2P WDM –

1G, 10G, 25G

P2P

10G

20162020 2013 2016 2020

NGPON1

NGPON2 4l x 10GLeverage tuning

capability?

Add Symmetric

Capabilities

Add

Wavelength

tuning

10G EPON

100G - 200G?

4 or 8 ls x 25G

Higher bit rate

More ls?

What technologies do we need invest in for future use casesNokia Internal Use

© Nokia 201631 Nokia Internal Use

100G PON standards roadmaps based on 25G

IEEE NG EPON

• Standardization effort began in 2014.

• 802.3ca Task Force created

• First generation: a low cost 25G EPON

• 50G and 100G EPONs will be realized by wavelength stacking additional 25G lanes

• Standard is being driven by NA MSOs and China Telecom.

• Nokia is a lead vendor on optics layer

• Target completion date: 2019

ITU-T

• FSAN operators released a roadmap for XG(S)-PON+ and NG-PON2+ standards in 2020

• Standardization effort has not started

© Nokia 201632

The New Architecture

ConvergedEdge Cloud

2 Software defined, end-end

Smart Network Fabric3

Universal Adaptive Core

4Access agnosticconverged core

modular, decomposednetwork functions

Common data layer

Programmable Network OS

5Dynamiccustomerservices

Dynamicnetwork optimization

Management &Orchestration

SDN NFV

Multi-operatorfederation

self-optimizedcoverage & capacity

MassiveScale Access

1

Long fibers

AccessRemote

Shortwaves & wires

Digital Value Platforms

7 ANP, CSP, ICP, Vertical apps

External data sources

Open APIs

Augmented Cognition Systems

6 Machine learningAnalytics

Humans& Machines

Dynamic Data Security

8

• New trust framework

• Ecosystem sharing

• Mass edge monitoring

We arehere

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 201633 Nokia Internal Use

Data centers are driving the 25G ecosystem.

Data center applications

But not so much 25G receivers.• Only the 40 km reach ER4 will use a

25G APD. This is a niche application!

We can leverage high volumes for 25G transmitters

(each 100 GbE transceiver contains four 25G transceivers)

2016

(In comparison, the Ovum forecast of all 100G SMF is 6x larger, but ER-4 is the same.)

© Nokia 201634

Realizing a low cost 25/10 TDM PON

25G DML or EML. To avoid optical amplification, maximize Tx power

Only 10G PON optics in the ONU

10G PON optics

25G Tx

10G BMRDiplexer

10G Tx

10G RxDiplexerODN

25G PON OLT optical module 10G PON ONU optical moduleConventional 29 dB power

splitting ODN. No WMs.

3-level decision

25 Gb/sNRZ

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 201635

Duobinary allows for detection of 25 Gb/s with a 10G receiver in ONU

OLT ONU

25 Gb/sNRZ

3-level decision

25 Gb/s NRZ25G Tx

10G Rx

• 10G low pass filtering of 25G NRZ creates a 3-level duobinary signal– which can be detected

Instead of trying to solve an optics problem, we can solve 25G in CMOS

Nokia Internal Use

© Nokia 201636

25G PON receiver implementations: achieving low cost

25G Tx

NRZ transmission

Nokia Internal Use

25G APD is a niche product: risk for low cost

25G APD Rx

NRZ detection

10G APD Rx

Duobinary detection

Duobinary detection is lowest risk for low cost.

But standardization is t.b.d.

10G APD Rx

ADC/DSP

NRZ detection

ADC+DSP may be high cost and high power

Receiver implementation is a black box; for interop all ONUs act like a conventional 25G receiver.

© Nokia 201637 Nokia Internal Use

25G PON: what and why

• 25G PON is the same TDM PON architecture with simple BOSA optics like 10G EPON, only running at higher speed.

• Use cases:

– Mobile x-haul transport

– Remote node backhaul: FTTdp, FTTB, Cable DAA

– Headline competition and business services: True 10G symmetrical service, and more

• What makes 25G PON a sweet spot:

– Data centers driving high volumes of 25G Tx

– Can squeeze 25G performance out of 10G APDs, e.g. Bell Labs electro duobinary detection

– As a result, 25G PON, especially with 25/10 ONUs, could be a sweet spot

•Remote backhaul

•Premium residential

Business subscribers

Mobile x-haul

© Nokia 201638

• There will be a stepping stone before we get to 100G (25G)

• 100G PON (4x25G ) will be harder than NG-PON2 (4x10G):

– 25G components. Need about 5 more dBs of budget

• In comparison to a 25G OLT optical module, we estimate a 100G OLT module to have

– an order of magnitude higher cost; 3x higher power dissipation; 1/3 density

• By the time operators need >25G PON, it will likely be possible to provide 50G TDM PON.

– For data centers, IEEE is already defining 50G serial lanes for Ethernet, and 100G serial after that

Nokia Internal Use

Why Not 100G PON?

• The drive is always towards single channel serial rates

• When the required serial rate becomes viable, (e.g. SERDES is available) it is the lowest cost technology.