BUILDINGS FOR A BETTER FUTURE BUILDINGS FOR A BETTER FUTURE BUILDINGS FOR A BETTER FUTURE BUILDINGS FOR A BETTER FUTURE ––––POLICY OPTIONS IN A CHANGING CLIMATEPOLICY OPTIONS IN A CHANGING CLIMATEPOLICY OPTIONS IN A CHANGING CLIMATEPOLICY OPTIONS IN A CHANGING CLIMATE

MATERIAALIVIRRAT JA KULUTUS MATERIAALIVIRRAT JA KULUTUS MATERIAALIVIRRAT JA KULUTUS MATERIAALIVIRRAT JA KULUTUS ––––KESTKESTKESTKESTÄÄÄÄVVVVÄÄÄÄN KEHITYKSEN UUDET HAASTEETN KEHITYKSEN UUDET HAASTEETN KEHITYKSEN UUDET HAASTEETN KEHITYKSEN UUDET HAASTEET

Lahti, 27.11. 2007Kaarin Taipale, Chair

Marrakech Task Force on Sustainable Buildings and Constructionwww.environment.fi/sbcwww.environment.fi/sbc

SISSISÄÄLTLTÖÖ

►► ””KESTKESTÄÄVVÄÄ KEHITYSKEHITYS””

►► MARRAKECH TASK FORCES ja KESTMARRAKECH TASK FORCES ja KESTÄÄVVÄÄRAKENTAMINENRAKENTAMINEN

►► RAKENTAMINEN + ENERGIA = POLITIIKKARAKENTAMINEN + ENERGIA = POLITIIKKA

►► BEST POLICY PRACTICESBEST POLICY PRACTICES

►► VISIO VISIO –– MITMITÄÄ KESTKESTÄÄVVÄÄ RAKENTAMINEN ON?RAKENTAMINEN ON?

►►MATKALLA BALILLEMATKALLA BALILLE

KESTKESTÄÄVVÄÄ KEHITYSKEHITYS-- LYHYT HISTORIALYHYT HISTORIA

TUKHOLMA 1972 UNEP TUKHOLMA 1972 UNEP United Nations Environment ProgrammeUnited Nations Environment Programme

VANCOUVER 1976 UNVANCOUVER 1976 UN--HABITAT HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements ProgrammeUnited Nations Human Settlements Programme

””OUR COMMON FUTUREOUR COMMON FUTURE”” (BRUNDTLAND REPORT 1987)(BRUNDTLAND REPORT 1987)

RIO 1992 UNCED RIO 1992 UNCED UN Conference on Environment and DevelopmentUN Conference on Environment and Development

RIO+10 = JOHANNESBURG 2002 WSSD RIO+10 = JOHANNESBURG 2002 WSSD World Summit on Sustainable DevelopmentWorld Summit on Sustainable Development

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

PEOPLEPEOPLESocial development, equity and justiceSocial development, equity and justice

PLANETPLANETEnvironment, Environment, ””ecologyecology””, natural common goods, natural common goods

PROSPERITY PROSPERITY Economic development, decent work, fair tradeEconomic development, decent work, fair trade

PEACEPEACE

RionRionRionRionRionRionRionRion + + + + + + + + JohannesburginJohannesburginJohannesburginJohannesburginJohannesburginJohannesburginJohannesburginJohannesburginseurantapseurantapseurantapseurantapseurantapseurantapseurantapseurantaprosessi rosessi rosessi rosessi rosessi rosessi rosessi rosessi

TEEMARYHMTEEMARYHMTEEMARYHMTEEMARYHMTEEMARYHMTEEMARYHMTEEMARYHMTEEMARYHMÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄTTTTTTTT

oo 2004/05:2004/05:2004/05:2004/05:2004/05:2004/05:2004/05:2004/05: vesivesivesivesivesivesivesivesioo 2006/07:2006/07:2006/07:2006/07:2006/07:2006/07:2006/07:2006/07: energia energia energia energia energia energia energia energia oo 2008/09:2008/09:2008/09:2008/09:2008/09:2008/09:2008/09:2008/09: maatalous maatalous maatalous maatalous maatalous maatalous maatalous maatalous oo 2010/11:2010/11:2010/11:2010/11:2010/11:2010/11:2010/11:2010/11: liikenne, liikenne, liikenne, liikenne, liikenne, liikenne, liikenne, liikenne, kestkestkestkestkestkestkestkestäääääääävvvvvvvvääääääää kulutus ja kulutus ja kulutus ja kulutus ja kulutus ja kulutus ja kulutus ja kulutus ja tuotantotuotantotuotantotuotantotuotantotuotantotuotantotuotanto

oo 2012/13:2012/13:2012/13:2012/13:2012/13:2012/13:2012/13:2012/13: metsmetsmetsmetsmetsmetsmetsmetsäääääääättttttttoo 2014/15:2014/15:2014/15:2014/15:2014/15:2014/15:2014/15:2014/15: valtameretvaltameretvaltameretvaltameretvaltameretvaltameretvaltameretvaltameret

POIKKILEIKKAAVAT POIKKILEIKKAAVAT POIKKILEIKKAAVAT POIKKILEIKKAAVAT POIKKILEIKKAAVAT POIKKILEIKKAAVAT POIKKILEIKKAAVAT POIKKILEIKKAAVAT NNNNNNNNÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄKKKKKKKKÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖKULMATKULMATKULMATKULMATKULMATKULMATKULMATKULMAT

oo kkööyhyysyhyys

oo kestkestäävvää kulutus kulutus ja tuotantoja tuotanto

oo luonnonvarat luonnonvarat

oo globalisaatio globalisaatio

oo terveys terveys

oo kestkestäävvää kehitys ja SIDSkehitys ja SIDS

oo AfrikkaAfrikka

oo rahoitusrahoitus

oo hallinto hallinto

oo koulutus koulutus

MARRAKECH TASK FORCEMARRAKECH TASK FORCEON SUSTAINABLE ON SUSTAINABLE

BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONBUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONlead country Finlandlead country Finland

(MTF SBC)(MTF SBC)

Johannesburgin 2002 jJohannesburgin 2002 jäälkeenlkeenMARRAKECH PROCESS 2003 MARRAKECH PROCESS 2003 ––

1010--YEAR FRAMEWORK OF YEAR FRAMEWORK OF PROGRAMMES ON SUSTAINABLE PROGRAMMES ON SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTIONCONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION

(1(10YFP)0YFP)0YFP)0YFP)0YFP)0YFP)0YFP)0YFP)

MTF SBCMTF SBCMARRAKECH TASK FORCE ON SUSTAINABLE MARRAKECH TASK FORCE ON SUSTAINABLE

BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION

•• MTF is a MTF is a voluntary initiativevoluntary initiative to support the to support the implementation of the Marrakech Processimplementation of the Marrakech Process

•• A country interested in leading a certain A country interested in leading a certain issue on SCPissue on SCP, involving partners, can , involving partners, can initiate a MTFinitiate a MTF

•• Task Forces Task Forces coco--operate with UNEPoperate with UNEP

MARRAKECH TASK FORCESMARRAKECH TASK FORCES

•• Finland Finland –– buildings and constructionbuildings and construction•• France France -- tourismtourism•• Germany Germany –– cooperation with Africacooperation with Africa•• Italy Italy –– education education •• Sweden Sweden –– lifestyleslifestyles•• Switzerland Switzerland –– public procurementpublic procurement•• UK UK –– productsproducts

VISIONVISION

KESKESTTÄÄVVÄÄ (EI PELKK(EI PELKKÄÄ EKOEKO--))RAKENTAMINENRAKENTAMINEN

OO

ALOITUSFOKUSALOITUSFOKUS –– ENERGENERGIAIAOO

KOHDEALUE KOHDEALUE –– POLITIIKAT POLITIIKAT

MITMITÄÄ ON ON KESTKESTÄÄVVÄÄ

RAKENTAMINEN?RAKENTAMINEN?

RAKENTAMINEN, RAKENTAMINEN, JOKA EDISTJOKA EDISTÄÄÄÄKESTKESTÄÄVVÄÄÄÄKEHITYSTKEHITYSTÄÄ!!

1.1. Ecological quality and energy Ecological quality and energy conservationconservation

2.2. Economic performance and Economic performance and compatibilitycompatibility

3.3. Ethical standards and social equityEthical standards and social equity4.4. Contextual and aesthetic impactContextual and aesthetic impact5.5. Quantum change and transferabilityQuantum change and transferability

5 target issues of5 target issues ofHOLCIMFOUNDATIONHOLCIMFOUNDATION

ACTIVITIESACTIVITIESwww.environment.fi/sbcwww.environment.fi/sbc

’’BUILDINGS & CLIMATE CHANGEBUILDINGS & CLIMATE CHANGE’’’’POLICY ACTION POINTSPOLICY ACTION POINTS’’’’BEST POLICY PRACTICESBEST POLICY PRACTICES’’

WORKSHOPS, SESSIONS, TALKSWORKSHOPS, SESSIONS, TALKSINFORMATION & INSPIRATIONINFORMATION & INSPIRATION

CONCEPT OUTLINESCONCEPT OUTLINESCOOPERATION WITH AFRICACOOPERATION WITH AFRICACOOPERATION WITH INDIACOOPERATION WITH INDIA

Pekka Huovila

Study on Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Construction and Buildings

UNEP Sustainable Buildings and Construction InitiativeMarrakech Task Force on Sustainable Buildings and Construction

Mia Ala-Juusela, Pekka Huovila, Jenni Jahn, Åsa Nystedt & Teemu Vesanen

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 %

Finnish offices

(Junnila 2004)

US office (Junnila

2004)

Swedish residential

buildings (Adalberth et

al. 2001)

Japanese offices

(Suzuki & Oka 1998)

construction maintenance demolition

ELINKAARI ELINKAARI -- LCALCA

RAKENNUSMATERIAALITRAKENNUSMATERIAALIT

alumiinialumiinisementtisementtitiilet tiilet terteräässlasilasi……

00--nettoenergiatalonettoenergiatalo

Sources: DoE 2006, Kurihara et al. 2005

3030--4040% % kaikesta kaikesta energiasta kuluu energiasta kuluu rakennuksissarakennuksissa

energiansenergiansääääststöö = = rrakennusten CO2akennusten CO2--ppääääststöövväähennystenhennystenpotentiaali on potentiaali on valtavavaltava

PostPost--Kyoto rakentaminen?Kyoto rakentaminen?

The The role role of the of the public sectorpublic sector•• to set an exampleto set an example•• to introduce energy efficiency criteria into to introduce energy efficiency criteria into public procurementpublic procurement

•• to structure to structure financial incentivesfinancial incentives•• to to collect data and establish collect data and establish baseline baseline informationinformation, in order to assess the , in order to assess the impact of policiesimpact of policies

•• to legislate, give guidelines, secure a to legislate, give guidelines, secure a rule of lawrule of law,, to set the minimum to set the minimum standardsstandards

LAINSLAINSLAINSLAINSLAINSLAINSLAINSLAINSÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄDDDDDDDDÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄNTNTNTNTNTNTNTNTÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖ

Source: Busch 2000

1.1. New constructionNew construction2.2. RefurbishmentRefurbishment3.3. Access to financingAccess to financing, raise awareness about , raise awareness about

coco--benefitsbenefits4.4. Changing consumption patterns Changing consumption patterns to to

influence energy behaviourinfluence energy behaviour

�� Need to combat Need to combat climate changeclimate change�� Need to Need to save moneysave money in the operation of in the operation of

buildingsbuildings�� Need to Need to combat povertycombat poverty, raise the standard , raise the standard

of living, and secure healthy environments.of living, and secure healthy environments.

Policy Action Points

SSSSSSSSÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄSTSTSTSTSTSTSTSTÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄMINENMINENMINENMINENMINENMINENMINENMINEN

LISLISLISLISLISLISLISLISÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄTEHOKKUUSTEHOKKUUSTEHOKKUUSTEHOKKUUSTEHOKKUUSTEHOKKUUSTEHOKKUUSTEHOKKUUS

UUSIUTUVATUUSIUTUVATUUSIUTUVATUUSIUTUVATUUSIUTUVATUUSIUTUVATUUSIUTUVATUUSIUTUVAT

BEST POLICY PRACTICESBEST POLICY PRACTICES1.1. New constructionNew construction2.2. Housing Housing 3.3. Refurbishment of existing buildingsRefurbishment of existing buildings4.4. Energy savings and energy efficiencyEnergy savings and energy efficiency5.5. Renewable energy sourcesRenewable energy sources6.6. National and federal policies and National and federal policies and

programmesprogrammes7.7. Local policiesLocal policies8.8. Public procurement Public procurement 9.9. Research and development Research and development 10.10. Building certification systemsBuilding certification systems

1. NEW CONSTRUCTION1. NEW CONSTRUCTION

�� Engineers can calculate the thermal insulating Engineers can calculate the thermal insulating capacity of construction materials, and the industry capacity of construction materials, and the industry knows how to produce excellent windows, as knows how to produce excellent windows, as examples. But politically, it has not been popular to examples. But politically, it has not been popular to set ambitious energy targets for new construction, set ambitious energy targets for new construction, even if every singly new building could be even if every singly new building could be a zeroa zero--netnet--energy buildingenergy building with marginal extra cost. The with marginal extra cost. The technology is here. technology is here. In Kuala Lumpur!In Kuala Lumpur!

�� Several countries have legislation and guidelines Several countries have legislation and guidelines where also energy efficiency is considered. But wewhere also energy efficiency is considered. But we’’ll ll need to go beyond businessneed to go beyond business--asas--usual standards usual standards ––and also make sure that there is technical capacity and also make sure that there is technical capacity and good governance to and good governance to secure the secure the implementation.implementation.

2. HOUSING2. HOUSING

�� Housing concerns everyone. And the sector is also the Housing concerns everyone. And the sector is also the highest consumer of energy. Housing links together highest consumer of energy. Housing links together communities and sustains societies communities and sustains societies –– or accelerates or accelerates their disintegration.their disintegration.

•• Energy efficient housing programme, City of Energy efficient housing programme, City of PunePune, , IndiaIndia

•• Housing policies and pilot project, Lithuania Housing policies and pilot project, Lithuania

•• New apartments with low energy consumption, New apartments with low energy consumption, LandskronaLandskrona, Sweden, Sweden

•• Technical Sustainability Standards for Housing and Technical Sustainability Standards for Housing and Public Buildings,Public Buildings, China China

3. REFURBISHMENT OF 3. REFURBISHMENT OF EXISTING BUILDINGSEXISTING BUILDINGS

�� Every year, new construction adds only a small Every year, new construction adds only a small fragment to the built environment but many existing fragment to the built environment but many existing structures need refurbishment. In more cases than structures need refurbishment. In more cases than we realize, renovating old buildings results in better we realize, renovating old buildings results in better homes and communities than demolishing them.homes and communities than demolishing them.

•• Kuyasa Kuyasa LowLow--Cost Housing, City of Cape Town, Cost Housing, City of Cape Town, South Africa South Africa –– CDM projectCDM project

•• Renovation of Renovation of GGåårdsten rdsten apartments to save energy, apartments to save energy, SwedenSweden

4. 4. ENERGY SAVINGS AND ENERGY ENERGY SAVINGS AND ENERGY EFFICIENCYEFFICIENCY

�� The cheapest energy available? Saved energy! But talking The cheapest energy available? Saved energy! But talking about new power plants seems to be more respectable about new power plants seems to be more respectable than promoting savings and efficiency. than promoting savings and efficiency.

�� Efficiency and new technologies of course lead to a smaller Efficiency and new technologies of course lead to a smaller growth of energy consumption growth of energy consumption –– but saving energy does but saving energy does not always require hinot always require hi--tech solutions. tech solutions.

�� It requires a change in attitude and behaviour. Sorry! You It requires a change in attitude and behaviour. Sorry! You cannot blame your lack of action on an engineer or cannot blame your lack of action on an engineer or politician.politician.

•• Investment into energy saving in ChinaInvestment into energy saving in China•• ESCO ESCO –– Energy Service Company, European UnionEnergy Service Company, European Union•• Retrofit of the Retrofit of the Parow Parow Municipal Building, Cape Town, SAMunicipal Building, Cape Town, SA

5. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES 5. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN USEIN USE

�� Increasing the proportion of renewable energy sources in Increasing the proportion of renewable energy sources in energy production is the third pillar of sustainable energy energy production is the third pillar of sustainable energy consumption consumption –– after savings and increasing efficiency. after savings and increasing efficiency. ––Renewables Renewables –– solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and biomass solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and biomass ––are often local energy sources. Their use will create local jobsare often local energy sources. Their use will create local jobsand lessen dependency on energy imports. and lessen dependency on energy imports. –– Renewables Renewables will will keep the global CO2keep the global CO2 bookkeeping in balance.bookkeeping in balance.

•• Brightness programme, Brightness programme, ChinaChina•• Solar Water Heater BySolar Water Heater By--Law, Law, City of Cape Town, SACity of Cape Town, SA•• Solar Home System Distribution Project, Solar Home System Distribution Project, PhilippinesPhilippines•• Renewable Energy for Rural Economic Development Renewable Energy for Rural Economic Development

(RERED) Project, (RERED) Project, Sri LankaSri Lanka

6.6. NATIONAL AND FEDERAL NATIONAL AND FEDERAL POLICIES AND PROGRAMMESPOLICIES AND PROGRAMMES

�� National governments must not only regulate, but also National governments must not only regulate, but also lead by example! They have a role in initiating lead by example! They have a role in initiating programmes and offering carrots, as well as in promoting programmes and offering carrots, as well as in promoting research and developmentresearch and development..

•• Climate Investment Programme (KLIMP), SwedenClimate Investment Programme (KLIMP), Sweden•• Property management for the Future, Sweden Property management for the Future, Sweden •• Using Voluntary Consensus Standards, USUsing Voluntary Consensus Standards, US•• Leading by Example: Leading by Example: Executive Order 13423, USExecutive Order 13423, US•• The Interagency Sustainability Working Group, USThe Interagency Sustainability Working Group, US•• The Whole Building Design Guide, US The Whole Building Design Guide, US •• Policy for Public Buildings and Government Offices, ChinaPolicy for Public Buildings and Government Offices, China•• Programme for Ecologically Sustainable Construction, FI Programme for Ecologically Sustainable Construction, FI

7. LOCAL7. LOCAL--LEVEL POLICIESLEVEL POLICIES

�� If sustainability strategies are not both formulated and If sustainability strategies are not both formulated and implemented at the local level, too, theyimplemented at the local level, too, they’’ll not be ll not be implemented at all. In many cases, cities show the implemented at all. In many cases, cities show the way, because they know that there is no alternative.way, because they know that there is no alternative.

•• Energy labels for buildings in ShanghaiEnergy labels for buildings in Shanghai

•• Energy and Climate Change Strategy, City of Cape Energy and Climate Change Strategy, City of Cape Town, South AfricaTown, South Africa

•• Congestion charge in LondonCongestion charge in London

•• Solar thermal ordinance of the City of BarcelonaSolar thermal ordinance of the City of Barcelona•• AgAgèència dncia d’’energia energia de Barcelona, Spainde Barcelona, Spain

•• Local Green Building Programs in the USLocal Green Building Programs in the US

Congestion charge in LondonCongestion charge in LondonCongestion charge in LondonCongestion charge in LondonCongestion charge in LondonCongestion charge in LondonCongestion charge in LondonCongestion charge in London

-- Talking about Talking about ““political will,political will,”” see what Mayor see what Mayor Livingstone has done in London, to get rid of traffic Livingstone has done in London, to get rid of traffic jams.jams.

January 10, 2007; Mayor Ken Livingstone of London (UK) is January 10, 2007; Mayor Ken Livingstone of London (UK) is proposing that high polluting cars be charged proposing that high polluting cars be charged ₤₤25 (approx. 25 (approx. US$ 47) per day to enter the central congestion zoneUS$ 47) per day to enter the central congestion zone

8. PUBLIC PROCUREMENT8. PUBLIC PROCUREMENT

�� Public procurement amounts to about 15% of the GDP of OECD Public procurement amounts to about 15% of the GDP of OECD countries. If wisely used, it can be a powerful strategic tool tcountries. If wisely used, it can be a powerful strategic tool to o support innovation, decent work and fair trade, and to save support innovation, decent work and fair trade, and to save energy and other resources.energy and other resources.

•• TopTop--Runner Approach in Japan Runner Approach in Japan •• Marrakech Task Force on Sustainable Procurement Marrakech Task Force on Sustainable Procurement •• Sustainable Procurement Action Plan, UKSustainable Procurement Action Plan, UK•• Preventing corruption on construction projects Preventing corruption on construction projects (PACS)(PACS)

•• Executive Order 13423, January 2007, USExecutive Order 13423, January 2007, US•• Fed. Green Construction Guide for Fed. Green Construction Guide for SpecifiersSpecifiers, US, US

Preventing corruption on Preventing corruption on Preventing corruption on Preventing corruption on Preventing corruption on Preventing corruption on Preventing corruption on Preventing corruption on construction projects construction projects construction projects construction projects construction projects construction projects construction projects construction projects

��Real estate development and construction are Real estate development and construction are infamous for corruption all over the world. The most infamous for corruption all over the world. The most perfect legislation wonperfect legislation won’’t make construction any more t make construction any more sustainable, if corruption cuts the long process into sustainable, if corruption cuts the long process into fragments and puts original goals aside.fragments and puts original goals aside.

Transparency International has developed a Project AntiTransparency International has developed a Project Anti--Corruption System (PACS) specifically for construction Corruption System (PACS) specifically for construction projects. Implementation of PACS may be required by projects. Implementation of PACS may be required by governments as a pregovernments as a pre--requisite for project approval, byrequisite for project approval, byfundersfunders as part of the funding package, or by public or private as part of the funding package, or by public or private sector project owners as a condition of participation in a sector project owners as a condition of participation in a project. It will also demonstrate the governments' project. It will also demonstrate the governments' commitment to the prevention of corruptioncommitment to the prevention of corruptionwww.transparency.org/tools/contracting/construction_projectswww.transparency.org/tools/contracting/construction_projects

9. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT9. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

�� Quantum leaps in the sustainability of energy use in Quantum leaps in the sustainability of energy use in buildings can be done with the technology that is buildings can be done with the technology that is already available everywhere. Some of it is already available everywhere. Some of it is centuries old, and still valid. Many construction centuries old, and still valid. Many construction elements and processes are lowelements and processes are low--tech. However, tech. However, more research, development, monitoring and more research, development, monitoring and reporting are urgently needed.reporting are urgently needed.

•• TEKES TEKES –– Public Funding Agency for Technology Public Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, Finlandand Innovation, Finland

•• ProGresSProGresS, Finland, Finland

10. BUILDING CERTIFICATION 10. BUILDING CERTIFICATION AND RATING SYSTEMSAND RATING SYSTEMS

�� We are accustomed to asking for more information We are accustomed to asking for more information when we buy a refrigerator or a car, but not when we when we buy a refrigerator or a car, but not when we buy a house or rent space. Building rating systems are buy a house or rent space. Building rating systems are voluntary certification systems for new construction and voluntary certification systems for new construction and renovation of buildings. There are several such systems, renovation of buildings. There are several such systems, for more information youfor more information you’’ll find some useful links here.ll find some useful links here.

•• PromisEPromisE, LEEDTM, BREEAM, CASBEE, Green , LEEDTM, BREEAM, CASBEE, Green GlobesTM GlobesTM U.S. U.S. ……

•• SBTool SBTool •• SF SF GreenPRINTGreenPRINT, US, US

www.environment.fi/sbcwww.environment.fi/sbc

MITMITÄÄ SEURAAVAKSI?SEURAAVAKSI?

VISION VISION –– WHAT IS SBC?WHAT IS SBC?

By 2030, powerful and enlightened consumers,

surrounded by a culture of energy and environmental awareness

can select appropriate spaces provided by a single business partner offering

life-cycle performance based services in a low-energy-consuming

built environment that produces carbon free energy

according to demand.

VISION VISION –– WHAT IS SBC?WHAT IS SBC?

Responsible supply, operation and maintenance of buildings

that meet the needs of their owners and users

over their lifespan with minimal

unfavourable environmental impacts, whilst encouraging economic, social and cultural progress.

GLOBAL TO LOCALGLOBAL TO LOCAL1995 1995 BERLIN BERLIN –– 1 1 1996 1996 GENEVA GENEVA –– 2 2 1997 1997 KYOTO KYOTO -- 33

1998 1998 BUENOS AIRES BUENOS AIRES –– 441999 1999 BONN BONN –– 5 5

20002000 THE HAGUE THE HAGUE –– 6 6 2001 2001 MARRAKECH MARRAKECH –– 7 7 20022002 NEW DELHI NEW DELHI –– 8 8 2003 2003 MILAN MILAN –– 99

20042004 BUENOS AIRES BUENOS AIRES –– 10 10 20052005 MONTRMONTRÉÉAL AL –– 11 11 20062006 NAIROBI NAIROBI -- 12122007 2007 BALI BALI -- 1313

www.environment.fi/sbcwww.environment.fi/sbc