Burma Federal (2nd Editon Final)

8/8/2019 Burma Federal (2nd Editon Final)

1/329

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2/329

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With Generous Financial Support FromNational Reconciliation Program

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pma&;ypkol

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3/329

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wnfaqmufa&;qDokdY

a&;om;jyKpkol cGef;rwf&fukdbef? jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f

u,ef;trsKd;om;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;'Drkdua&pDtzG J Y?

z,fckHNrdK Ye,f/

yxrtMudrfxkwfa0jcif; 2003 ckESpf/

tkyfa& 2000

'kwd,tMudrfxkwfa0jcif; 2007 ckESpf/

tkyfa& 2000

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4/329

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jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;!Gefaygif;tpdk;&0ef}uD;csKyfa'gufwmpdef0if;.trSmpm 8

u&ifeDjynf0ef}uD;csKyf ref;atmifoef;av;.trSmpm 10 p0fpefa&mifa0 (p0f,l*sif;odkuf) .trSmpm 12 pma&;ypkol. trSmpm 15

tcef; (1)

ya'o&mZfacwfumv 18(u) ajrjyef@a'o ya'o&mZfrif;rsm; 18(c) awmifwef;a'o ya'o&mZfrif;rsm; 19(*) ya'o&mZfbk&ifrsm;ESifh

awmifwef;a'oya'o&mZfrif;rsm;qufqHa&;? 19

tcef; (2)

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pmcsKyf/ pmapmif/ rSwfwrf;rsm; 25

tcef; (3)

vGwfvyfa&;u;yrf;onfhumv 37(u) Armjynfr vGwfvyfa&;u;yrf;jcif; 37(c) zufqpf*syefacwfumvESifh wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;tajctae 37(*) 'kwd,urBmppft+yD; Armjynfr EkdifiHa&;Edk;=um;r_ 38(C) zqyv tzGJcsKyfESifh awmifwef;a'oacgif;aqmifrsm;

pwifawGqkH &if;EDS;vmjcif; 39(i) &Srf;jynfvli,frsm;u (21/1/46) ae@pGJjzifh zqyvtzGJ@csKyfodk@ay;pm 40(p) &Srf;jynfvli,frsm;u (20/2/46) ae@pGJjzifh zqyvtzGJ@csKyfokd@ay;pm 41


5/329


tcef; (4)

yifvHknDvmcHjzpfay:vmyHk tajccHtcsufrsm; 48(u) &Srf;jynfacgif;aqmifrsm; vGwfvyfa&;twGuf v_yf&Sm;vmjcif; 48(c) AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; vGwfvyfa&; ta&;qdk&ef

+Adwdo#EdkifiHodk@ oGm;a&mufjcif; 49

(*) &Srf;jynfapmfbGm;u +Adwdo#tpdk;&xHodk @ a=u;eef;pmay;ydk@jcif; 49(C) &Srf;jynfvGwfvyfa&;tzG J@ (&yv) +Adwdo#tpkd;&xHokd@

a=u;eef;pmay;ykd@jcif; 50(c) a=u;eef;pmrsm;tay: okH;oyfcsuf 50(p) yk'fr 8 e,fjcm;a'orsm; 51

tcef; (5)

'kwd, yifvkHnDvmcHESifh yifvkHpmcsKyfaygufzGm;vmjcif; 53(u) yifvkHtvm uGwfckdifwGif ucsifukd,fpm;vS,frsm; tpnf;ta0;

yvkyfjcif; 53(c) 1947 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv 6 &ufae hrGef;v$J 2 em&DcGJtcsdefwGif

yifvHkrY usif;yaom &Srf;ESifhucsifaumfrDwDtpnf;ta0;.qHk;jzwfcsuf 54

(*) 1947 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 7 &ufae heHeuf (9) em&DtcsdefwGifyifvHkrYusif;yaom csif;/ ucsif/ &Srf; yl;wGJaumfrDwD. qHk;jzwfcsuf 55

(C) AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; yifvkHokd@a&muf&Sdvmjcif;ESifhawG@qkHaqG;aEG;=ujcif; 57

(i) 1947 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv (12) &ufae hyifvHkpmcsKyfcsKyfqdkjcif; 59

tcef; (6)

yifvkHpmcsKyfESifh qufpyfaomyifvkHpdwf"mwf ydnmOfrsm; 63(u) yifvkHnDvmcHwGif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; ruf=um;onfhrdef@cGef; 63(c) wkdif;yjynfyv$wfawmfnDvmcHwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;

ruf=um;onfh rdef@cGef; 63(*) wdkif;yjynfyvGwfawmfwGif anmifa&$apmfbGm;}uD;p0fa&$okduf

ruf=um;onfhrdef hcGef; 64(C) AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; vGdKifaumfr"rRmkHwGif

ajym=um;onfhrdef@cGef;? 65(i) ucsiftrsKd;om;nDvmcHoabmxm;tay:

AdkvfcsKyfajym=um;onfh uwdrdef@cGef; 65


6/3294 4yifvkHpdwf"mwf&Sifoefazmfaqmifa&;rSS

tcef; (7)

yifvkHpmcsKyfESifhqufpyfaomjyifqifa&;vkyfief;rsm; 67(u) &Srf;/ ucsif/ csif;wdk . jyifqifa&;vkyfief;rsm; 67(c) awmifwef;om;rsm;nDnGwfa&;tzGJ/

anmifa&$a[mfwGiftpnf; ta0;yvkyfjcif; 70(*) awmifwef;a'orsm; txl;pkHprf;ppfa&;aumfrwD.

pkHprf;ppfaq;awG&Sdwifjycsuf 71

tcef; (8)

1947 ck EkdifiHawmfzGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'a&;qGJ&efjyifqifjcif; 100(u) zqyv y%mr jyifqifr_nDvmcHobifY

wifoGif;aomtqkd (14) csuf 100(c) vGwfvyfaomtcsKyftjcmtm%mykdif orRwjrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf

EkdifiHzGJpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'?(jrefrmEkdifiH (zqyv) . y%mrnDvmcHuvufcHonf) 104

(*) AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;csay;aom tajccHrl (4) csuf 133(C) AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;. vrf;nGefcsuf (7) csuf 134(i) AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u vrf;!Gefcsuf (7) csufESifhywfoufI

&Sif;vif;csufrsm; 135

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tcef; (9)

EdkifiHawmfzGJJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'a&;qGJjcif;ESifhjynfwGif;ppfrD;pwifavmifu|rf;jcif; 169

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tcef; (10)

zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya' jyifqifjcif;ESifh ppfwyftm%modrf;,ljcif; 174(u) 1947 ckESpf/ EdkifiHawmfzGJJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykkH tajccHOya'

jyifqifa&;qGJa&;tay: 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;EkOD;aqmifaomjynfaxmifpktpdk;&. oabmxm;aumufE_wfcsuf 174

(c) jynfe,facgif;aqmifrsm; 1947 ckESpf/ zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'udk


7/32955 ppfrSefaom 'Drkdua&pDzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkEkdifiHawmfopf wnfaqmufa&;qDokdY

jyefvnfokH;oyfjcif; 175(*) &Srf;/ ucsif/ u&ifeD/ u&if/ csif; jynfe,facgif;aqmifudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh

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(i) jynfe,frsm;nD!Gwfa&;tzG J. zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;aqG;aEG;wifjycsuf 204

(p) twdkuftcHygwDrsm;.oabmxm; 209(q) zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOyaa&;qGJa&;aumfrwDzGJ@pnf;jcif; 211(Z) ppfwyftm%modrf;,ljcif; 211

tcef;(11)

rqv wygwDzufqpfppftm%m&Sifacwfumv 215(u) wdkif;&if;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&; yuGJjcif; 215(c) rqvygwDESifh 1974 ckESpf/ zJG@pnf;ykHtajccHOya' 216(*) jynfolvlxkqef husifqENjyyGJrsm; 216

tcef; (12)

yifvHkpdwf"mwf/ jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwfwnfaqmufjcif; 218(u) yxrt}udrf jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwf wnfaqmufjcif; 218(c) 'kwd,t}udrf jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwf wnfaqmuf&ef u;yrf;jcif; 219(*) wwd,t}udrf jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwfwnfaqmuf&ef u;yrf;jcif; 220(C) vGwfajrmufe,fajr yifvkHpdwf"mwfwnfaqmuf&ef u;yrf;jcif; 222(i) jynfwGif;EdkifiHa&;tiftm;pk yl;aygif;v_yf&Sm;rlrsm; 223(p) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyfv_yf&Sm;r_rsm; (tJeft,fvf'D) 245

(Z) typftcwf&yfqdkif;xm;aom vufeufudkiftzGJtpnf;rsm;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; 260

(ps) v$wfajrmufe,fajr EdkifiHa&;tiftm;pkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm; 261(n) 0g&ifhEdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifa[mif;rsm;. v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; 280

tcef; (13)

EdkifiHwum zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'avhvmjcif; 291(u) wjynfaxmifEdkifiHrsm; 291(c) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHrsm; 294(*) jrefrmEdkifiH 1947 ckESpf/ zJG@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh 1974 ckESpf/

zGJpnf;ykHtajccHOya'tay: oHk;oyfcsuf 306



tcef; (14)

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(1) EdkifiHa&;jyifqifr_ 312(2) vlr_a&;jyifqifr_rsm; 315

(C) ppfrSefaom'Drkdua&pDzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkEkdifiHawmfwnfaqmufa&; 315

ed*kH;//

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ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pDzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmfopfwnfaqmufa&;qDodk@ [laom Tpmtkyfonf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;. dk;om;oef@&Sif;onfh oabmxm;rsm; u;yrf;r_rsm;udk rSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif;jzpfay&m wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;/ +idrf;csrf;a&;/ ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;twGuf wzufwvrf;rS taxmuftuljzpfaprnfrSm ,HkrSm;zG,f&mr&Sdacs? xdk@a=umifh Tpmtkyf yHkESdyfxkwfa0jcif;onf ta&;ygonfhvkyfaqmifr_wckjzpfa=umif; a&;om;azmfjyvdkuf&ygonf?

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jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;aumifpD2003 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv (12) &ufae@?


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jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH trsdK;om;!efaygif;tpkd;&2003 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv (12) &ufae@?



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13/32911


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u&ifeDjynf 0ef}uD;csKyf2003 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv (12) &ufae@?


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15/32913


The 1947 Union was not a federal one. The constitution provided for a

somewhat de-centralized but unitary, colonial-like arrangement. Ministeral

Burma was not a constituent state but occupied instead the position of a

Mother country (Pyi-Ma), and the other constituent states did not have

their own constitutions, but were appenages of the Pyi-Ma.

Nonetheless, in the turburlent and dangerous years following indepen-

dence, the peoples and leaders of the constituent states -- the Kachin,

Shan, Chin, and the Karens (before they were compelled to take up arms),

and others -- remained staunchly loyal to the Union government. In 1957-

58, the ruling AFPFL party split into two camps and many cliques, and this

was followed by an indirect coup launched by General Ne Win. The mili-

tary ruled the country as caretakers for two years. The rule of the country

by the military, which by then had alienated the ethnic nationalities, pushedthe leaders and governments of the constituent states to propose to the

government of U Nu (1960-1962) the amendment of the Union constitution

to make the Union more federal, as agreed upon at Panglong in 1947. U Nu

agreed and while a constitutional seminar was in session in Rangoon, the

military led by General Ne Win, staged a coup on March 2, 1962. Ne Win's

military regime ruled without a constitution from 1962 onward, and in 1947,

it pushed through the second constitution,

the 1974 BSPP (Burmese Socialist Program Party, orLanzin) constitution.

This constitution established a one-party state dominated by the military

at all levels. Only military or former military officers had any say in national

and local affairs. It was a military dictatorship wearing a "socialist" mantle.

TheLanzin state and system collapsed in 1988, when the people rose up

in a "people's power" uprising. But the military drowned the people's

uprising in blood and massed firepower in August, and it has been ruling

the country illegitimately and without a constitution ever since.

The leaders of the ethnic nationalities have for many decades consis-

tently held the position that for the Union of Burma to prosper, be stable,

peaceful, and united, the fundamental issue to be looked into is the consti-

tution of the country, particularly from the standpoint that, one, the coun-

try is a multi-ethnic one, and two, that it was envisioned in 1947 at Panglong,

that the union of national states (Pyi-daungzu) would be a federal one.


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151


pma&;ypkol trSmpma&;ypkol trSmpma&;ypkol trSmpma&;ypkol trSmpma&;ypkol trSm

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfwGif wdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;rsm;jzpf=uaom (ucsif/ u&if/ u&ifeD/

csif;/ Arm/ rGef/ &Srf;/ &cdkif) ponfh vlrsKd;rsm;onf vlrsKd;a&;wef;wlnDr#r_/ EdkifiHa&;wef;wlnDr#r_&Sd+yD; jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHawmftwGuf wm0ef toD;oD;&Sd=uonhftwdkif; yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf=uv#uf tcsKd;us tusKd;cHpm;cGifh&&Sdjcif;rsKd;onfomv#if ppfrSefaom trsKd;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;udk tmrcHcsufay;Edkifrnfjzpfonf?

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh wkdif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;wkd@onf yifvHkuGefz&ifh}uD;usif;yyvkyf+yD; wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;. ppfrSefaomtrsKd;om;pnf;vHk ;nD!Gwfa&;pdwf"mwfud k wnfaqmufEdkifcJhojzifh oD;jcm;pDwnf&Sdaom wdkif;&if;om;e,fajrrsm; udkvkdeDe,fcsJt*FvdyfxHrS wyifwnf;vGwfvyfa&; trdt&qGwfcl;EdkifcJhonfudk pHerlemaumif;tjzpf cH,l=u&rnfjzpfayonf?yifvHkpdwf"mwfonfomv#if r[mvlrsKd;}uD;0g'ESifh usOf;ajrmif;aom vlrsKd;a&;0g'udk

z,f&Sm;Ekdif+yD; wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;tcsif;csif; vlrsKd;}uD;/ vlrsKd;i,f zdESdyfcsKyfcs,faomyHkpHtm;vHk;udkvnf; z,f&Sm;Edkifrnfjzpfayonf?

jy\emw&yfudk csOf;uyfpdppfaomtcg a&S;OD;yxrtm;jzifh xdkjy\emudk trSeftwdkif;jrifatmif xifatmif =unfh_ppfaq;=uzdk @ trSefvdktyfonf? xdkjy\emudk _jrif=uonfhtcg wzufwGif txiftjrifv$JrSm;r_jzpfvmrnfudk pdk;&drfzG,f&m&Sdaomfvnf; tjzpfrSefrsm;ud k rzkef;uG,ftyfay? acwfopfordkif;ypk&mwGif

rif;pdk;&mZm tkyfcsKyfolvlwef;pm;. bkef;awmf*k%fawmfwif+yD; wv$Jwacsmf rrSefruef ypka&;om;jcif;rsKd;vnf; rvkyfoifhay? ordkif;jzpf&yftrSefudk yjyifjcif;/ wDxGifzefwD;jcif;/ y,fzsufjcif;/ rsufuG,fyjcif;wdk@onf a&&SnfwGifrwnfwhHEkdifyg?

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf tajrmftjrif}uD;rm;pGmjzifh wdkifyifaqG;aEG; tay;t,lvkyf=u+yD;rS yifvHkpmcsKyfudk csKyfqdkcJh=uonf?yifvHkpmcsKyfonf tEdkift_H;pmcsKyfr[kwfay? vlrsKd;udk udk,fpm;yxm;aom pmcsKyfvnf; r[kwfyg? Armjynfre,fajr/ jynfaxmifpk &Srf;jynfe,fajr/ ucsifawmifwef;

a'oe,fajrESifh csif;awmifwef;a'oe,fajr ponfh trsKd;om;e,fajrav;ckudkudk,fpm;y=u+yD; csKyfqdkcJhjcif;jzpfayonf? xdk@a=umifh yifvHkpmcsKyf. tESpfom&onfoD;jcm;pD wnf&Sdonfh wdkif;&if;om;e,fajrrsm; wyifwnf; vGwfvyfa&;&,l&efESifh


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trsKd;om;wef;wl&nfwl udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifhtjynfht0&Sd+yD; ppfrSefonfhzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;[laom tcsufESpfcsufyifjzpfonf?

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;usqkH;onfhaemufydkif;Y zufqpfqef@usifa&; jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&; tzJG@csKyf (zqyv) onf yifvkHpmcsKy/f yifvkHpdwf"mwf tajccHrlvrf;pOfESif h aoGz,ftm;enf;oGm;&mrS 1947 ck/ EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'a&;qJG&mwGif Armjynfre,fajrudk jynfaxmifpkA[dktm%mESifhwJGxm;+yD; &Srf;/ ucsif/ csif; trsKd;om;e,fajrrsm;udk vuf

atmufcHjynfe,ftjzpf owfrSwfojzifh trsKd;om;wef;wla&; qkH;_H;oGm;jcif;/ trsKd;om;jynfe,f *k%ft*FgvuQ%mESifh tqifhtwef;jynfhrS Daom u&if/ rGef/ &cdkif trsKd;om;jynfe,frsm;raz:aqmifay;jcif;/ zJG@pnf;ykHtajccHOya' jyifqifa&;qGJ&ef tcsdefqGJvGef;jcif;/ EkdifiHa&;tay:ta=umif;trsKd;rsKd;jy upm;vGef;jcif;wdk@a=umifh jynfwGif;ppfrD;onf vGwfvyfa&;ESihfwyifwnf;wqifh+yD;wqif h ydkrdkavmifu|rf;oGm;jcif;ESifhtwl ppfwyf.tcef;uonfvnf; wajz;ajz;=oZmt&Sdefjrifhwufvmonf? aemufqHk; 1962 ckESpfwGif AdkvfcsKyfae0if;OD;aqmifaom zufqpf

ppftkyfpkonf jynfolvlxktpdk;&xHrS tm%mudk rw&m;odrf;,l+yD; zJG@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'udkygzsufodrf;vdkufonf? xdk@a=umifh wdkif;&if;om;wef;wltcGifhta&;r&Sdaom 1947 ck/ zJG@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'onfvnf; 14 ESpfoufwrf;omcH+yD; ysufpD;oGm;awmhonf?

Adkvfae0if;OD;aqmifaom jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD (rqv) wygwD tm%m&Sifppftkyfonf 1974 ckwGif wdk@pdwfuuf zJG@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'wckudk a&;qJGjyXmef;vdkufonf?,if;zJG@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'onf rqv wygwDtm%m&Siftkyfpku jynfolw&yfvkH;tay:rw&m;zdESdyfu|efyxm;jcif;jzpfonf? 'Drdkua&pDvl@tcGifhta&;[lor# vkH;0qdwfokOf;oGm;ojzifhjynfolw&yfvkH; rcHr&yfEdkifonfhtqkH; 1988 ckESpf jynfol@'Drdkua&pD ta&;tawmfykH}uD;a=umifhrqvwygwDtm%m&Sifpepf ywfusoGm;+yD; wdk@ pdwfuufa&;qJGxm;aom zJG@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'udk wdk@udk,fwdkif zsufodrf;vdkuf&onf? xdk@a=umifh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;r&Sdaom 1974ck/ zJG@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'onfvnf; 14 ESpfomcH+yD; ysufpD;oGm;awmhonf?

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH. tajccHjy\emonf zJG@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'jy\emjzpf+yD;/,if; zJG@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'jy\emqdk&mrSm wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; wef;wltcGifhta&;qkH;_H;jcif;

jy\em&yfESifh 'Drdkua&pDqdwfokOf;jcif;jy\em&yfyifjzpfa=umif; awG@&Sd&onf? ,if;'GefwJGaeaomjy\emESpf&yfudk wyifwnf;ajz&Sif;oGm;=urSomv#if +idrf;csrf;om,m0ajymaom jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmfopfud k wnfaqmufoGm;Edkifrnfjzpfayonf?

jynfolvlxkonf wdkif;jynfwjynf. tm%mt&yf&yfudk ydkifqdkifxm;aom rlvydkif&SiftppftrSefjzpfonf? jynfolvlxktrsm; rSefuefaomEdkifiHa&;Edk;=um;r_ todtjrifay:wGifrlwnfI wdkif;jynfwjynf. EdkifiHa&;pepfudk ajymif;vJpGrf;aqmifEdkifonf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrm

EdkifiHwGifvnf; wdkif;&if;om;jynfoltrsm;onf 'GefwGJaeaom 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&; qdwfokOf;jcif;jy\emESifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; wef;wltcGifhta&;rsm; qHk;_H;jcif;jy\emESpf&yfudkwyifwnf;ajz&Sif;&ef vdktyfa=umif;udkvnf;aumif;/ ,if;jy\emw&yf&yfudk rajz&Sif;ygujynfwGif; jy\em&yfjzpfyGm;+yD; wcsdefcsdefwGif ppfwyfrStm%modrf;jcif; wzefjyefay:vmrnfjzpf


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20/329


tcef; (1)

ya'o&mZfacwfumvwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;jzpf=uaom ucsif/ u&if/ u&ifeD/ csif;/ Arm/ rGef/ &Srf;/ &ckdif ponfh

vlrsKd;rsm;onf a&S;ya0o%D ya'o&mZftkyfpkd;pOfumvuwnf;u ukd,fhbk&if/ ukd,fhapmfbGm;/ ukd,fh'l;0g;/ ukd,fhapmzsm/ ukd,fhapmfuJ/ ukd,fhawmifykdif &rftkyfrif;rsm;wifajrmufI ukd,fhxD;/ ukd,fheef;/

ukd,fha[mf/ ukd,fh=uiSef;ESifh xD;jzLaqmif;/ a&$xD;aqmif;/ a&$"g;vG,fukdif/ aiG"g;vG,fukdif taqmifta,miftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh oD;jcm;vGwfvyfpGm tkyfcsKyfaexkdifvmcJh=uonf?

(u) ajrjyef ha'o ya'o&mZfrif;rsm;

vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;vG,fulaom {&m0wDjrpf/ ppfawmif;jrpf/ oHvGifjrpf0Srf;a'owav#mufwGif&Sdaom ya'o&mZfrif;rsm;onf tm%myif=u&mrS rif;vufeufukdifEkdifiHxlaxmif&ef

udk,fhvlrsKd;tcsif;csif;vnf; wdkufcdkufcJh=uouJhodk@ tjcm;vlrsKd;jcm;ESifhvnf; wkdufckdufcJh=uonf? xdkodk@tm%myifppfyGJrsm; tjyeftvSefwkdufckduf=uaomfvnf; yk*Hjynf/ ok0blrd oxHkjynf/ rkwWrjynf/yJcl;[Hom0wDjynf/ oa&acwW&mjynf/ yif;,jynf/ jrifpdkif;jynf/ rdk;nif;jynf/ rdk;aumif;jynf/ ppfukdif;jynf/ tif;0jynf/ auwkrwD awmifiljynf/ tr&yl&jynf/ rEWav; (&wemykH) jynf paom rif;vufeufEkdifiHrsm;/ rjyEkdifiHrsm;/ wkdif; i,fjynfi,frsm;/ acwfrsm;yifI ay:aygufcJhonf? wacwf+yD;wacwf tckduftwhHtm;jzifh ay:aygufcJhonf? odk@aomfvnf; wnfwHhckdif+rJr_um; r&Sdacs? rif;vufeufEkdifiHrsm; wnfwHhckdif+rJr_r&Sdjcif;onf tiftm;}uD;olu tiftm;enf;olukd ppfa&;jzifhtEdkifusifh

wkdufckduf/ vk,uf/ zsufqD;/ owfjzwf+yD; rif;vufeufEkdifiHxlaxmif&ef twif;oGwfoGif;onfhppfbk&ifpepfqdk;. ppftedVmkHa=umifhyifjzpfonf? ppfbk&ifrsm;acwfumvwav#mufvkH;wGifwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; tcsif;csif; pnf;vkH;pkpnf;=u+yD;/ trsKd;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;tiftm;jzifhjynfaxmifpkEkdifiHykHpHrsKd; rwnfaqmufEkdifcJhay?


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+yD;/ ,ckvuf&Sd u&ifeDjynfjzpfonf?)

3? awmif}uD;/ uavm/ arr/ vm_d;/ vGKdifvif/ vGKdifarG/ oHawmif ponfhrrsm; (awmifay:pcef;rrsm;tjzpf oD;oef@tkyfcsKyfa&;xm;&Sdonf? ,ck arronf rEWav;wdkif;wGifvnf;aumif;/ oHawmifronf u&ifjynfwGifvnf;aumif;/ awmif}uD;/ vm_d;/ uavm/vGdKifvif/ vGKdifarGrrsm;onf &Srf;jynfwGifyg0ifonf?)

4? awmifwef;a'orsm;[lI txufygtwdkif; tydkif; (4) rsKd; ydkif;jcm;wnf&Sda=umif; awG@&Sd&onf?tykdif; 4? awmifwef;a'orsm;[kac:a0:onfh e,fajrrsm;xJwGifPart One (ac:) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& e,fajrrsm; (10) ckESifhPart Two (ac:) bk&ifcHu tkyfcsKyfa&;oD;oef@xm;&Sdaome,fajrrsm; (3) ydkif;[lI atmufygtwdkif; ESpfrsKd;xyfrHowfrSwfxm;a=umif; awG@&Sd

&onf?

(c) awmifwef;a'orsm; (Part One) ac:wGifonfhe,fajrrsm;

Government of Burma Act-1935

SECOND SCHEDULE !

Areas in Burma to which special provisions apply

Part One - (ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& e,fajrrsm;)(1) The Federated Shan States as specified in Notification No.31, dated 27th Septem-ber 1922, of the Political Department of the Government of Burma as amended by

any subsequent notification made before the commencement of this Act zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk&Srf;jynf? (,ck vuf&Sd&Srf;jynfjzpf+yD; &Srf;apmfbGm;rsm; Part One e,fajrrsm;jzifhompkpnf;yg0ifonf?)

(2) The Shan States specified in Notification No.41, dated 5th October, 1922, of thePolitical Department of the Government of Burma, as amended by any subsequent

notification made before the commencement or this Act other than the Federated Shan

States. zuf'&,f&Srf;jynfaxmifpkwGif xnfhoGif;jcif;ryonf h &Srf;apmfbGm;e,fjzpfaomaomifoGyfe,f/ qifuvkdufcEWD;e,f/ cEWD;vkHe,fwkd@jzpfonf? (,ck ppfukdif;wkdif;ajrmufydkif;wGif pkpnf;yg0ifonf?)

(3) The Arakan Hill Tracts.&ckdifawmifwef;a'orsm; (ac:) yvuf0a'oESifh ajrmufykdif;&Sd awmifwef;a'orsm;? (,ckcsif;jynfwGif pkpnf;yg0ifonf?)


24/329


(4) The Chin Hill District.csif;&rftkyfrsm;e,fajr csif;awmifwef;a'o/ (,ck csif;jynfwGifyg0ifonf?

vuf&Sdcsif;jynfonf csif;&rftkyfe,fajrrsm;ESifh Part One &cdkifawmifwef;a'oe,fajrrsm;jzifh pkpnf;yg0ifonf?)

(5) The Kachin Hill Tracts of the Myitkyina, Bhamo and Katha District.

jrpf}uD;em;/ Aef;armfESifh uom/ pD&ifpkrsm;twGif; ucsif'l;0g;rsm;e,fajr/ ucsiftrsK d;om;rsm;aexkdifonfha'ojzpfonf? (,ck ucsifjynfwGifyg0ifonf? vuf&Sducsifjynfonf ucsif'l;0g;e,fajrrsm;/ Part One e,fajrrsm;ESifh Part Two e,fajrrsm;jzifhpkpnf;yg0ifonf?)

(6)The Somra Tract.aqmfr&e,fy,f? (em*awmifwef;a'o vuf&Sdppfudkif;wdkif;ajrmufydkif;wGif

pkpnf;yg0ifonf?)

(7) They are known as the Triangle.}wd*He,fajrqkdonfh arcESifhrvdcjrpfESpfoG,f=um;&Sda'o? (,ck ucsifjynfwGif

pkpnf;yg0ifonf?)

(8)The area known as the Hukawing Valley lying to the north of the Upper ChindwinDistrict.

txufcsif;wGif;a'oESifh [l;aumif;awmif=um;a'ojzpfonf? (,ck ppfukdif;wkdif;ajrmufydkif;ESifh ucsifjynfwGif pkpnf;yg0ifonf?)

(9) The Salween District.

oHvGifckdifjzpfonf? (,cku&ifjynfwGifyg0ifonf? 1952 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbmv(7) &ufae@wGif oHvGifckdifac:zmyGefe,fESifh bm;tH/ v_dif;bGJ@/ oHawmife,frsm;ukdpkpnf;Iu&ifjynftjzpfowfrSwfonf? 1954 ckESpf ZGefv (1) &ufae@wGif aumhu&dwfESifh=umtif;qdyf}uD;e,frsm;tygt0if u&ifjynftjzpf wdk;csJ@owfrSwfonf? xkd@a=umifhvuf&Sdu&ifjynfonfPart One e,fajrESifhPart Two e,fajrrsm;jzifh pkpnf;yg0ifonf?)

(10) All tribal territories which at the date of coming into operation of this Act are

unadministered.

t*FvdyftkyfcsKyfa&; vkH;0vufvSrf;rrDaom e,fajra'orsm;? (Oyrm 0apmfbGm;rsm;e,fajr/ Wa states/ ,ckvuf&Sd &Srf;jynfwGif pkpnf;yg0ifonf?)


25/329

232


txufaz:jyaom Part one e,fajrrsm; (10) ckonf oD;jcm;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&Sdaome,fajrrsm;jzpf+yD;/ t*Fvdyfbk&ifu vHk;0wm0ef,lxm;onf? Armjynfr 0ef}uD;tzGJ@tpdk;&u 0ifa&mufpGufzufydkifcGifhrSdacs?

(*) awmifwef;a'orsm; Part Two ac:wGifonfh e,fajrrsm;

Part Two

(1) Such Parts of the Myitkyina and Bhamo Districts as are not included in Part Oneof this Schedule.

- Part one wGifryg0ifonfh jrpf}uD;em;ESifh Aef;armfwdk@rS tpdwftydkif;rsm;? (,ck ucsifjynfwGifpkpnf;yg0ifonf)

(2) Such Parts of the Upper Chindwin District as constitute the Homalin sub-divisiontogether with the village tracts which were included in the former Tamu township of

the Mawlaik sub-division on the preceding abolition.

- txufcsif;wGif;pD&ifpkSd [krRvif;qrf'D0DZH/ ,ckwrl;re,f armfvdkufaus;vufa'orsm;? (,ck ppfudkif;wkdif;ajrmufydkif;wGif pkpnf;yg0ifonf?)

(3)The Kyain township, the Myawady Circle of the Kawkareik township, and so muchof the Karen Hill tracts in the eastern half of the Toungoo District and the Thaton

District as may be prescribed by His Majesty in Council.

- =umtif;re,f/ aumhu&dwfre,frS jr0wDwdkufe,f/ awmifilpD&ifpk ta&Sbufjcrf;ESifhoxHkpD&ifpk&Sdawmifwef;a'orsm;jzpfonf? (,cku&ifjynfwGif pkpnf;yg0ifonf?)

Part two a'orsm;okH;ckonf Armjynfr0ef}uD;tpkd;&tzGJ@u t=uH^m%fay;Ekdifaomfvnf; bk&ifcH.tqkH;tjzwfonfom t"dutwnfjzpfonf?

txufaz:jyyg (Armjynfr/ u&ifeDjynf/ awmifay:pcef;rrsm;/ Part One awmifwef;a'orsm; (10) ckESifh Part two awmifwef;a'orsm;okH;ck e,fajrrsm;tm;vHk;onf t*Fvdyftpkd;&vufxufrS vGwfvyfa&;&&Sdonfhtcsdefxd wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;.e,fajrrsm; taetxm;rSefjzpfonf?


26/329


arm fv d ku farm fv d ku farm fv d ku farm fv d ku farm fv d ku f

wr l ;wr l ;wr l ;wr l ;wr l ;

awmifi lawmifi lawmifi lawmifi lawmifi l

jrp f }u D ;em;jrp f }u D ;em;jrp f }u D ;em;jrp f }u D ;em;jrp f }u D ;em;

Ae f ;armAe f ;armAe f ;armAe f ;armAe f ;armfuomuomuomuomuom

[kr Rvi f ;[ kr Rvi f ;[ kr Rvi f ;[ kr Rvi f ;[ kr Rvi f ;

ajryHkay:wGif azmfjyxm;aom*%ef;rsm;onf

tydkif; (1) e,fajrtwGif; usa&mufaome,fajrrsm;jzpfonf? tydkif;(2)e,fajrrsm;twGuf ajryHkwGifcef@rSef;Edkifygonf?teD;pyfqk H; ajrykHt!$ef;azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf?

oxk Hoxk Hoxk Hoxk Hoxk H


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252


(C) u&ifeDjynf oD;jcm;vGwfvyfjcif;ESifhywfoufaom pmcsKyf/ pmapmif/ rSwfwrf;rsm;?

Treaty

AGREEMENT REGARDING THE INDEPENDENCE OF WESTERN

KARENNI

1875

In accordance with the request of His Excellency the Viceroy of India

that Western Karenni should be allowed to remain separate and inde-

pendent, His Majesty the King of Burma, taking into consideration the

great friendship existing between the two great countries and the desire

that the friendship may be fasting and permanent, agreed that no sover-

eignty or governing authority of any decription shall be exercised or

claimed in western Karenni andHis Excellency the Kinwoon Mengyee,

Minister for Foreign Affairs, on the part of His Majesty the King of

Burma, and the Honourable Sir Douglas Forsyth, C.B.K.C.S.I..,envoy

on the part of His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor-General of

India, execute the following agreement;-

Agreement.- It is hereby agreed between the British and Burmese Gov-

ernment that the State of Western Karenni shall remain separate and

independent, and that no sovereignty or governing of any description

shall be claimed or exercised over that State.

Whereunto we have on this day, the 21st day of June 1875 correspond-

ing with the 3rd day of the Waning moon of Nayoung 1237 B.E.,

affixed our seals and signature.

Seal .(Sd.) TD Forsyth Seal (Sd.) Kin-Woon Mengyee


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t*Fvdyftpdk;&ESifh Armrif;tpdk;& csKyfqdkaompmcsKyf

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tcgY (zqyv) tr_aqmifwGifwifjyawmh ukdEkuawmh ruufygbl;? 'gayr,fh usaemf&Sif;jyawmhukdEk oabmaygufoGm;w,f? ukdausmf+idrf;uawmh uef@uGufwkef;bJ[k &Sif;jyw,f?

usaemfu AkdvfcsKyfukd AkdvfcsKyf usaemfbmvkyfay;apvkdygovJvkd @ar;awmh AkdvfcsKyfujzpfEkdifv#if &Srf;ESifhucsifuk d 'DcGJxGuf&eftykd'fukd rxnfhzkd@ajymay;yg[k ajymygonf?

usaemfu usaemfuawmh ajymrSmygbJ olwkd@uawmh ,ckuxJu cGJxGuf&ef tykd'fyg&Sdzkd@ajymae=uw,f? 'gayr,fh usaemftxl;u;pm;ygr,f? tu,fI ajymr&cJ haomf usaemfbmvkyf

&rnfukd AkdvfcsKyfoabmu b,fvkd&SdovJvkd@ar;&m AkdvfcsKyfu r&vnf; +yD;a&maygh? ta&;}uD;wmrSr[kwfbJ? tjcm;EkdifiH tajccHOya'awGrSm ygwJh'Dtykd'fukd b,fwkdif;jynfrSmrS tokH;ycJhw,fvkd@r&SdcJhygbl;? vkdvkdvm;vm;xnfhxm;wJhtykd'fjzpfw,f? xkd@tjyif usaemfoabmwlcJhwmukd (zqyv)tzGJ@csKyfuvufcHatmif aqmif&Gufygr,f[k ajymygw,f?

tJ'Du usaemfjyefvmcJhygonf? aemufwae@rSm tajccHOya'a&;qGJa&;tzGJ@ukd 0ifa&muf&mrSm jynfe,fudpP aqG;aEG;zkd@ra&mufao;bJ w&m;pD&ifa&;uyJa&mufao;I tcsdef&aoma=umifh

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rif;wkef;rif;}uD;. oabmwlnDcsufukd&,lcJhonf? okd@jzpfI 1946/ 1947 ckESpfrsm;wGif jrefrmjynftm; vGwfvyfa&;&&ef aqG;aEG;onf htcgY u&ifeDe,fa'onf jrefrmjynf.tpdwftykdif;r[kwfvGwfvyfaome,frsm;jzpfI xnfhoGif;rpOf;pm;Ekdif? okd@aomf xkdESpfrsm;wGif u&ifeDwOD;jzpfol okdif;A[efqkdolu (zqyv) tultnDjzifh olykefxcJhonf? okdif;A[ef uG,fvGefonfhtcgY abmfvcJuOD;bDqkdolu jrefrmbufukdqef@usifI olykefxonf? OD;bDppfyGJrSmusqkH;I xkdtcg t*Fvdyftpkd;&uu&ifeDe,fukd jrefrmjynftwGif;okd @ xnfhoGif;csifaomfvnf; pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;u vGwfvyfaom

EkdifiHjzpfaeI bmr#rwwfEkdif? xkdtcgu u&ifeDe,f (3) e,fpvkH;wGif apmfbGm;}uD; (3) OD;pvkH;uG,fvGef=uI cav;i,frsm;omusef&m pum;ajymaqG;aEG;&rnfh acgif;aqmif&SmrawG@cJh? okd@twGufaemufrSyJ&Sif;rnf[k qkH;jzwfonf[k usaemfodcJh&ygonf?

tajccHOya'udk v$wfawmfY jrefrmjynfvGwfvyfa&;&aom 4/ 1/ 1948 ae@wGif twnfjzpf&ef 2 &ufapmI 2/ 1/ 1948 &ufae@wGif wifoGif;&ygrnf?

1947 ck/ 'DZifbmv 27 &ufae@wGif 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Eku ta&;}uD;IvmcJhyg[k usaemfudkw,fvDzkef;jzifhac:ygonf? usaemfa&mufonf htcgY OD;csefxGef;a&muf&Sdaeonfud k awG@&ygonf?

tjyif uEW&0wDapmfbGm;}uD;om; (r[ma'0D. om;r[kwfyg) pyf0qdkolESifh OD;pdefqdkolwdk@udkawG@&ygonf? aemuf 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ek 0ifvmygonf? 0ef}uD;csKyfu OD;jrifhodef; olwdk@udk odygovm;[kar;I usaemfu OD;pdefudkawm@ rawG@bl;yg? pyf0udkawmh uEW&0wDapmfbGm;}uD;.om;qd kwmawmh odygw,f? vlcsif;vJodygw,f[k ajzqdkygonf? 0ef}uD;csKyfuqufI pyf0ESifhOD;pdefwdk @u olwd k@ u&ifeDe,f (3) e,fudk jrefrmjynfESifhaygif;vdka=umif; vmajymae=uw,f? tJ'gOD;jrifhodef;ESif h OD;csefxGef;wdk @ b,fvdkoabmaygufovJ[kar;&m usaemfu usaemfajymEdkifwm

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Armjynfr EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf vGwfvyfa&;twGuf OD;pGmv_yf&Sm;a=umif; awG@&onf? ArmjynfEkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_onfYMBA bmoma&; toif;tzGJ@trnfcH+yD; pwifonf[kqkd&ayrnf?YMBA bmoma&;toif;rS wqifhGCBA tqifhokd@ wufvSrf;Ekdif+yD; trsKd;om;a&;/ EkdifiHa&;/ukd,fykdifvGwfvyfa&;wkd@uk d wqifh+yD;wqifh yGifhvif;jywfom;pGm u;yrf;vm=ujcif;jzpfonf?

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onf? vufeufESifhppful EkdifiHjcm;rSt&,l+yD; vGwfvyfa&;ukd wkduf,lrnf=uHpnfcsufjzifh awmfvSefa&;ukd pwif=uonf? xkdumvu ocifatmifqef;onf ajrv#Kd;IaysmufuG,foGm;onf? *syefEkdifiHokd @ aemufqkH;wGifa&muf&SdoGm;um *syefppfulukd&&Sdonf? ArmjynfrSvli,fwpkukd xyfrHac:,l+yD;*syefYppfynmrsm; oif,lonf? odk@jzifh &JabmfokH;usdyfESifhwuGaom ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf}uD;ay:vmonf? Armjynfokd@ ppfOD;vSnfhvmaomtcg ausmif;om;/ v,form;/ tvkyform;/ EkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;avmutwGif; ArmhvGwfvyfvkdaompdwf"mwfrSm touf0ifum aygif;pyfpkpnf;cdkifrmvm+yD; vGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfESifhtwl ArmwrsKd;om;vkH; tHkuyg0ifv_yf&Sm;vm=uonf?

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tcef; (3)

vGwfvyfa&;ud;yrf;jcif;


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" The integrity and unity of India was an essential part of the independence we worked

for, and the same full measure of political, social and economic freedom was to come to the states

as to the rest of India. There could be no compromise on this and the Congress declared afresh in

favour of full responsible government and the guaranty of civil liberty in the States. Further it

declared to be its right and privilege to work for the attainment of those objectives in the states.There was no question of non-intervention, the congress, as representing the will of the Indial

people recognises no bars which limits its freedom of activities in any matter pertaining to India

and her people. It is its right and privilege and its duty to intervene any such matter whenever the

interests of India demand it. Not do so would be to deny its own function and to betray the cause

which it seeks to represent.

"The congress know well that the backwardness of the states hindered our nationprogress and that there can be no freedom for India unless the States cease to be what they are.

(Unity of India P.29 from the Presidential Address of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru at theAll India States Peoples Conference, February 1928. Ludhiana.)


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(p) acwfaemufusaewJh vlenf;pkrsKd;i,fawGukd acwfrSD,Ofaus;vmatmif/ }uD;yGm;vmatmif aqmif&Guf&ef/

TuJhokd@ wef;wloabm/ ukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifhoabmukdrlwnf+yD; aqmif&GufpGufzufrSomv#if yl;aygif;a&;vkyfief;atmifjrifEkdifp&mta=umif; &Sdygonf? T okd@r[kwf wkd@ArmawGu omw,f?rif;wkd@u wkd@ArmawGukdc,+yD; aygif;&rnfqkdv#if qef@usifbuftusKd;ukd oufa&mufapygvdrfhrnf?

vmrnfhrwfvwGif pwkwtywfavmufwGif &Srf;jynfyifvkHrYusif;yrnfjzpfaom&Srf;jynf}uD;yGm;a&;/ pD;yGm;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJok d@ (zqyv) vl}uD;rif;rsm;ukdvnf; zdwfrHwuy=uvdrfhrnf[k =um;&ygonf? xkdtcg vl}uD;rif;rsm;u rlrSefaomoabmxm;rsKd;ukd &Sif;jyEk difv#if &Srf;-ArmaoG;pnf;a&;ppfyGJatmif+yD[k ,lq&ygvdrf honf? pD;yGm;a&;+cdrf;ajcmufr_rsKd;ESif ha[mv#if pGHvdrfhrnfr[kwfa=umif; twdtvif;yif/ ynm&Sd owdjzpfcJonfhtwkdif; apwemaumif;aumif;ESifh owdyef&ygonf? &Srf;xJwGif usaemfwkd@xuf &Srf;-Armyl;aygif;a&;ukd vkdvm;olr&Sda=umif; &J&J}uD;a=unmygonf?

&Srf;-ArmnD!Gwfa&;rS &Srf;-ArmvGwfvyfrnfuk d wxpfcs,kH=unfygonf? &Srf;-ArmnD

!GwfEkdifatmif &Srf;-Armwef;wla&;ukdrlwnfrS &rnfukdvnf; ,kH=unfygonf? (8/ 2/ 46) &ufae@u(zqyv) oabmxm;rSm wef;wla&;ukdra&S@_[k qkdvkdygonf? xkd@a=umif h &Srf;-Arm ppfrSefaomaoG;pnf;a&;&atmif wa=umif;wnf;aom kd;om;aom&nf&G,fcsufjzifh Tpmukday;ykd@ygonf? &Srf;jynfvGwfvyfa&; wkd;wufa&;onf &Srf;vlxkvufxJrSm&Sda=umif;ukdvnf; aumif;pGmoabmaygufygonf? OpPm&ifvkd OpPm&ifcJ=u&rnfrSm rSefygonf? wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pkjy\emukd ajz&Sif;&efrnfr#ta&;}uD;a=umif;ukd vl}uD;rif;rsm;xufykdI rnfolr#em;vnf=urnfr[kwfyg? xkd@a=umifh TuJhokd@

ta&;}uD; aeaomtcsdefwGif (zqyv) onf wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;tay: rSefuefaomoabmxm;w&yfESifh aoG;pnf;yl;aygif;r_ukdt&,l+yD; vGwfvyfa&;yef;wkdifokd @ a&S@aqmifcsDwufoGm;Ekdifygapownf;?

av;pm;vSpGmjzifh


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rsm;onf &Srf;/ ucsifwkd@ESifh ywfoufjcif;r&Sdap&?5? vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;onfhaemuf jrefrmjynfaxmifpkrS uEkfyfwkd@oabm usonfhtcsdefwGif cGJxGufvkdu cGJxGufcGifh &Sdaprnf?

&Srf;aumfrDwD ucsifaumfrDwD

(yHk) cGefyef;pdef (awmifydkifp0fzvHk) (yHk) 'l;0g;qif0gaemif (jrpf}uD;em;)(yHk) pyfa&$odkuf (anmifa&$p0fzvHk) (yHk) 'l;0g;aZmf&pf (jrpf}uD;em;)(yH k) p0f[krfz (ajrmufodEMDp0fzvHk) (yHk) 'l;0g;'if&mwef (jrpf}uD;em;)(yHk) p0fEGH (vJcsm;p0fzvHk) (yHk) 'l;0g;aZmfv (Aef;armf)(yH k) pyfpHxGef; (rdkif;yGefp0fzvHk) (yHk) 'l;0g;aZmfvGef; (Aef;armf)(yHk) p0fxGef;{ (omrcef;p0fzvHk) (yHk) 'l;0g;vAef;*a&mif; (Aef;armf)(ykH) OD;jzL (oxkHp0fzvkHudk,fpm;vS,f)(yHk) cGefzHk;

(ykH) OD;wif{(ykH) OD;xGef;jrifh(yHk) OD;=umyk(yHk) cGefapm(yHk) p0f&pfz(yHk) cGefxD;

xdkqHk;csufudk aemufwae@ (7/ 2/ 47) wGif xyfrHa&muf&Sdvmaom csif;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;yg0ifonfh e,fpyfa'oudk,fpm;vS,fpHknDtpnf;ta0;rS atmufygtwdkif; xyfrHtwnfyonf?

(*) 1947 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 7 &ufae h eHeuf (9) em&DtcsdefwGif yifvHkrd hYusif;yaom csif;/ ucsif/

&Srf; yl;wGJaumfrDwD. qHk;jzwfcsuf

csif;udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@onf 1947 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv 6 &ufnwGif a&muf&Sdvm&m wdk@tm;nDvmcHu vd_ufvSJpGmuqdk=uavonf? xkdcsif;udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@wGif

(1) OD;v$mr_ef; (atwDtrf)/ (tdkif'Dtufpftrf)/ (bDtD;trf)/ (zvrf;/ csif;awmifwef;)(2) OD;aomifZmcyf/ (atwDtrf)/ (wpf'if/ csif;awmifwef;)(3) OD;uG,fref;/ (atwDtrf)/ ([mum/ csif;awmifwef;) wdk@yg0if=uygonff?

(1) ,efrefae@rGef;v$J 2 em&DcGJtcsdefwGifusif;yonfh &Srf;ESifhucsifudk,fpm;vS,ftzJG@wdk @. qHk;jzwfcsufwdk@udk zwf=um;&Sif;vif;jy&m/ csif;udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@u atmufygtcsufrsm;udk jznfhpGufIaxmufcH=uojzifh tm;vHk;oabmwlvufcH=uavonf?(u) A[dktcGefawmfaiGESifhpyfvsOf;I &Srf;wdk@cHpm;&aomtcGifhta&;ESifh &ydkifcGifh tm;vHk;


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&Srf;/ ucsif/ csif; wkdif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf awmifwef;a'orsm; ArmjynfrESifhwyifwnf; vGwfvyfa&;&,l&ef rdrdwkd@oabmwlnDcsufrsm;ukd 1947 ck/ azaz:0g&Dv (7) &ufae@wGift+yD;jyifqifxm;+yD;jzpfI &Srf;/ ucsif/ csif;acgif;aqmifrsm; oabmwlnDcsufonf ordkif;0ifyifvkHpmcsKyf}uD;. a&Sajy;tajccHtcsufrsm;yifjzpfonf? yifvkHpmcsKyf. ydnmOftajccHtcsufrsm;vnf;jzpfayonf?

txufazmfjyxm;aomqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;onf ordkif;armfuGef;0ifyifvHkpmcsKyf }uD;. a&S@ajy;

rsm;yifjzpfonf? 1947 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv 8 &ufae@wGif yifvHkodk @ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;trSL;yaomArmacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhtwl +Adwdo#tpdk;&udk,fpm;vS,f rpPwmabmfwGrfvDwdk@ a&muf&Sdvm&m ArmjynfrESifh e,fpyfa'o yl;aygif;a&;jy\emrSm txl;tvnf aqG;aEG;p&mrvdkawmhbJ +yD;pD;oavmufyifjzpfayonf? e,fpyfa'oudk,fpm;vS,frsm;. qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk tacsmudkifvdkufjcif;jzifh yifvHkpmcsKyf}uD;aygufyGm;vmavonf?

(C) AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; yifvkHokd ha&muf&Sdvmjcif;ESifh tudaqG;aEG;-ujcif;

1947 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv (8) &ufae@wGif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;trSL;yaom Armjynf tpkd;&ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifhtwl +Adwdo#tpkd;&ukd,fpm;vS,f rpPwmabmfwGrfvDwkd@ yifvHkodk@a&muf&Sdvm=uonf?


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rSwfyxm;+yD;aom tcGifhta&;rsm;wdk@udk cHpm;ydkifcGifh&Sdap&rnf?8? TpmcsKyfwGif oabmwlnD=uonfhtpDtpOfrSm ya'o&mZf&Srf;jynfe,fpkwGif ,cktyfESif;xm;+yD;aom bma&;ESifhywfoufonfh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;udk xdcdkufjcif;r&Sdap&ef?

9? TpmcsKyfwGif oabmwlnD=uonfhtpDtpOfwdk@rSm jrefrmjynftcGefawmfaiGrsm;rS ucsifawmifwef;e,frsm;ESifh csif;awmifwef;e,frsm;u &oifh&xdkufaom bma&;tultnDudk xdcdkufjcif;r&Sdap&? jrefrmjynfESifh&Srf;jynfe,fajrpk. bma&;tpDpOfrsm;uJhodk@ ucsifawmifwef;ESifh csif;awmifwef;rsm;wdk@twGuf tvm;wltpDtpOfrsm;udk xm;&SdusifhoHk;&efjzpfEdkifrnf rjzpfEdkifrnfudk bk&ifcH. tr_aqmifaumifpDu/ e,fpyfa'orsm;. twdkifyifcHyk*~dKvfESifh 'kwd,twdkifyifcHyk*~dKvfwdk@ESif htwl ppfaq;=unfh_&rnf?

&Srf;aumfrwD ucsifaumfrwD jrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&

(yH k) cGefyef;pdef (awmifydkifp0fzvHk) (yHk) qrm;'l;0g;qif0g;aemif (yHk) atmifqef; 12247?(yH k) p0fa&$odkuf (anmifa&$p0fzvHk) (jrpf}uD;em;)

(yHk) p0f[kHz (ajrmufodEMDp0fzvHk) (yH k) 'l;0g;aZmf&pf (jrpf}uD;em;)(yH k) p0fEGH (vJcsm;p0fzvHk) (yHk) 'l;0g;'if&wef (jrpf}uD;em;)(yHk) p0fpHxGef; (rdkif;yGefp0fzvHk) (yH k) 'l;0g;aZmfv (jrpf}uD;em;)(yHk) p0fxGef;at; (omrdkif;crf;p0fzvHk) (yHk) 'l;0g;aZmfvGef; (Aef;armf)(yHk) OD;jzL (oxHkp0fzvHk.udk,fpm;vS,f) (yHk) 'l;0g;vAef;*a&mif; (Aef;armf)(yHk) cGefzHk; (ucsifudk,fpm;vS,f) ajrmufodEMD?

(yHk) OD;wif{ csif;aumfrwD(yHk) OD;xGef;jrifh (yHk) OD;v$mr_ef; (atwDtrf-tdkifattuf(pf))/ trfzgvrf;?(yHk) OD;=umyk (yHk) OD;aomifZmcyf (atwDtrf)/ wD'if?(yHk) OD;cGefapm (yHk) OD;uG,fref; (atwDtrf) [mum?(yHk) p0f,dyfz(yH k) cGefxD;

yifvkHpmcsKyfESifhyifvkHpdwf"mwfydnmOfrsm;onf wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf ppfrSefaomtrsKd;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;tiftm;ukd wnfaqmufay;Ekdifojzifh ArmjynfESifh&Srf;jynf/ ucsifjynf/csif;jynfponfh awmifwef;a'oe,fajrrsm; wyifwnf; vGwfvyfa&;ukdvnf; trdt&qGwfcl;ay;EkdifcJhayonf?


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AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh wkdif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf &Srf;/ ucsif/ csif;acgif;aqmifrsm;.1947 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (6-7) &ufae@ oabmwlnDcsufrsm;ukd tjyeftvSefwkdifyifaqG;aEG;Irltm;jzifhvufcH=u+yD; wkdif;yjynfyv$wfawmfwGifrS tao;pdwfxyfrHndE_dif;=u&rnfjzpfojzifh yifvkH

pmcsKyfwGif xnfhoGif;azmfjyjcif;r&Sday? pmcsKyfwGifazmfjyxm;jcif;ryaomfvnf; yifvkHpmcsKyf. yxrOD;qkH; tajccHydnmOftjzpf tav;teuf vufcH,kH=unfxm;=uonf?

xkd@tjyif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh wkdif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf yifvkHpmcsKyftjyif pmcsKyfwGif azmfjyrxm;aomoabmwlnDcsufrsm;/ pmcsKyfESifhqufpyfaeonfhoabmxm;rsm;/ rdef@cGef;rsm;ESifhaqG;aEG;csufrsm;ukdyg yifvkHpmcsKyf yifvHkydnmOftjzpf tav;teufcH,lxm;=uonf?

yifvkHpmcsKyfcsKyfqkd+yD;onfhaemufykdif;wGif ArmjynfrESifhawmifwef;a'oe,fajrrsm;onf

EkdifiHwckwnf;tjzpf yl;aygif;xm;jcif;r&S dao;ay? odk@aomfvnf; wkdif;yjynfyvkyfief;rsm;ESifh jynfaxmifpkwnfaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk wkdifyifaqG;aEG;=u+yD; twlwuGyl;aygif;aqmif&GufoGm;=u rnfjzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifhwkdif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf yifvkHpmcsKyfydnmOfrsm;/yifvkHpmcsKyfESifhqufpyfonfh pmcsKyfwGifazmfjyrxm;aom oabmwlnDcsufrsm;/ yifvkHpmcsKyfESifhqufpyfonfhoabmxm;rsm;/ rdef@cGef;rsm;/ aqG;aEG;csufrsm;tm;vkH;ukd yifvkHpdwf"mwftjzpf tav;teufcH,lxm;=uonf? ,if;yifvHkpdwf"mwfuyif wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;tm;vk H; trsKd;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;ukd tckdiftrmwnfaqmufEkdif=u+yD; vGwfvyfa&;ukdvnf; wyifwnf;qGwfcl;Edkifzdk@ trd

t&wGef;ykd@EkdifcJhayonf?yifvkHpmcsKyf/ ydnmOf/ yifvkHpdwf"mwfESifh wqufwpyfwnf;jzpfaom rdef@cGef;rsm;/ aqG;aEG;

csufrsm; rsm;pGm&Sdonfhteuf tcsKd@ukd atmufygtwkdif;aumufE_wfazmfjyvdkayonf?

(u) yifvkHnDvmcHwGif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; rGuf-um;onfh rdef hcGef;

1947 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv (10) &ufae@ yifvkHwGifusif;yyvkyfonfh awmifwef; a'onD

vmcHY AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;rdef@cGef;ajym=um;&mrSm awmifwef;e,frsm;ukd +Adwdo#tkyfcsKyfonfukdArmrsm;uruufa=umif;/ Armrsm;onf awmifwef;a'otwGufajymqkdjcif;rSm ArmjynfESifh wef;wltqifhtwef;tcGifhta&; &apvkdaoma=umifhjzpfa=umif;/ ArmvlrsKd;onf +Adwdo#uefrjzpfvkda=umif;/xkd@enf;wl awmif;wef;vlrsKd;rsm; +Adwdo#uefjzpfonfukd Armuruufa=umif;/ xkdenf;wl awmifwef;vlrsKd;rsm;onf Armueftjzpf rjzpfap&a=umif; yifvkHpmcsKyfydnmOftjzpf yGifhvif;onfh orkdif;0if uwdu0wfrdef@cGef;rsm; ruf=um;oGm;onf?

(c) wkdif;yjynfyv$wfawmfnDvmcHwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; rGuf-um;onfh rdef hcGef;

AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf 1947 ck/ arv (19) &uf zqyv. y%mrjyifqif a&;nDvmcHwGif EkdifiHawmftwGufa&;qGJ&rnfh zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifhywfoufonfh vrf;!$efcsuf (7) csufcs

tcef; (6)yifvkHpmcsKyfESifh qufpyfaomyifvkHpdwf"mwf ydnmOfrsm;


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rSwfonf? 1947 ck/ ZGefv (16) &uf wdkif;yjynfyv$wfawmf. yxr}udrfnDvmcHY rdef@cGef;ajym=um;csufrSm awmifwef;a'o wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; pkd;&drfp&mtvsOf;r&SdygESifh? usaemfwkd@awmifwef;a'oESifh oabmwlpmcsKyfcsKyfqkdcJhwJhpmcsKyft&jzpfap/ aemuf+yD; awmifwef;a'opkHprf;a&;tzGJ@ tpD&ifcHpmrS axmufcHcsuft&rsm;ukd usaemfwkd@vufcHvmonfhtwkdif;jzpfap/ vufcHxm;wJh oabmrygbJ (Not only the letter of agreement) 'Dpmoabmukd usaemfwkd@oabmwlnDvmcJhwmwGif rubJusaemfwk d@rS ( The spirit of agreement) oabmwlnDvmcJhwmukd/ +yD;awmh 'Dtwkdif;bJ 'Dwkdif;yjynfyv$wfawmfrSm vkyfrSmygbJqkdwm awmifwef;ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ukd wdwdvif;vif; em;vnfapcsifygw,f? usaemfwkd@ay;xm;aomuwd/ em;vnf+yD;om; oabmwlcsufrsm;ukd e,fcsJ@orm;vkdazmufzsufjcif;rvkyfbl;? 'Dvkday;xm;aom uwd/ em;vnf+yD;om; oabmwlnDcsufrsm;ukd azmufzsufrnfvm;? oHo,&SdwJhvlawG[m usaemfwkd@&J Sense of honour, sense of self-respect, senseof pride ukdapmfum;w,fvkd@ usaemfwkd@,lqygw,f? tJ'Dawmh usaemfwkd@ArmvlrsKd;pkjzpfwJh vlawG[m cifAsm;wkd@oabmrwlbJraeEkdifwJhtajctaersKd;ukd vufwvkH;jcm;vdrfwJhenf;eJ@vnf; usaemfwkd@rvkyfygbl;qkdwm twdtvif;em;vnfapcsifygw,f[k yifvkHpmcsKyfydnmOftjzpf uwdu0wfrdef@

cGef;rsm;ukd ruf=um;cJhonf?

(*) wdkif;yjynfyv$wfawmfwGif anmifa&$apmfbGm;}uD; p0fa&$okdufrGuf-um;onfhrdefcGef;

anmifa&$apmfbGm;}uD; p0fa&$okdufonf 1947 ck/ ZGefv (13) &ufae@u usif;yyvkyfaomwkdif;yjynfyv$wfawmftpnf;ta0;wGif OD;Ektm; v$wfawmfOuUtjzpfwifajrmuf&ef tqkdwifoGif; rdef@cGef;ruf=um;cJhonf? ,if;rdef@cGef;ruf=um;csufrS tcsKd@udk aumufEkwfwifjyvdkayonf?

u|Ekfyfwkd@ &Srf;/ ucsif/ csif; awmifay:wkdif;&if;om;rsm;[m t*Fvdyfe,fcsJpepfatmufuvGwfajrmufzkd @ ArmjynfrESifhyl;aygif;aoG;pnf;ae=u&ayrnf? [kda&S;&mZ0ifu tjzpftysufawGukdowd&+yD; ArmawG[m wkd@xufykd+yD; vlvnf;rsm;w,f? ^m%fvnf; omw,f?onfawmh wae@ae@rSm rawmfwqrsm; wkd@ukdvlrsKd;i,fqkd+yD; zdESdyfapmfum;vkyfrsm;aervm;qkd+yD; "rRwmtwkdif; wxdwfxdwf awG;ylpkd;&drfvsuf&Sd=uygw,f?ocif jr (om,m0wDaus;vufawmifykdif;) rjzpf&ygbl;

anmifa&$apmfbGm;}uD;u u|Ekfyfwkd@ tifrwefjrwfEkd;wJh wef;wltcGifhta&;/ ukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh/ cGJxGufvkdu cGJxGufEkdifcGifhawGukdrsm; xdyg;usK;ausmfyavrvm;vkd@vnf; wxifhxifhjzpfr,fqkdv#if"rRwmtwkdif; u|Ekfyfwkd@ rvGefbl;vkd@xifygw,f? rawmfwq 'DvkdrzG,fr&m/ rw&m;r_awGrsm; jzpfay:vmvkd@&Sd&if tm;enf;wJhbufutpOfaevmwJh ocifEk[m w&m;vrf;rSeftwkdif; u|Ekfyfwkd@bufu&Gyf&Gyfc|Hc|H umuG,fay;Ekdifvdrfhr,fvkd @ ar#mfvifhtm;xm;ygw,f? (=obmoHrsm;) u|Ekfyfwkd@oabmuawmh kd;kd;eJ@cyf&Sif;&Sif;bJ? avmavmq,f t*Fvdyfu|efb0uvGwfcsifw,f? onfvkd vGwfvyfa&;&zkd@ ArmjynfeJ@yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrSjzpfr,fqkd+yD; ,kH=unfvkd@ ,ck'Dv$wfawmfrSm a&mufvm=uygw,f?(=obmoHrsm;) 'gayr,f h t*Fvdyfu|efb0uvGwf+yD; ykckH;ajymif;tjzpf ArmawG&J@u|efjzpfoGm;rSmukdvnf; rvkdcsifygbl;? (&,foHESifh=obmoHrsm;) ESpfOD;ESpfbufpvkH; vGwfvyf}uD;yGm;a&;twGufwef;wl&nfwl tcGifhta&;awGESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&GufoGm;=ubkd@qkd&if tpOfojzifh tqifoihf&Sdw,fqkd


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xkdrdef @cGef;ESifhywfoufI &yvtzGJ@acgif;aqmifrsm;onfyifvSsif xkdpOfu apmfbGm;}uD;p0fa&$okduftay: tjrifrSmusOf;ajrmif;aom vlrsKd;a&;pdwf"mwf&Sdonf? ArmawGtay: pkd;&drfr_vGefuJvGef;onf? t,kHt=unfuif;rJhvGef;onf? &Srf;-ArmaoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;ukd xdckdufapEkdifonf[kowfrSwfEkdifayonf? ,cktcg ESpfaygif; (50) ausmfcJh+yD? xkdpOfu apmfbGm;}uD;p0fa&$okduf.rdef@cGef;ESifhywfoufI b,fvkdxifjrifygovJ[k ,ae@ar;vmv#if apmfbGm;}uD;uyif usOf;ajrmif;vGef;onfvm;/ wef;wl&nfwljynfaxmifpkukd jrwfEkd;wefbkd;xm;onfvm; okd@r[kwf &yvvli,ftykdif;ubJzqyvud k ,kH=unfr_vGefuJonfvm;qkdonfukd orkdif;uajzqkdaeay+yD?

(C) AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; vGdKifaumfrd "rRmkHwGif ajym-um;onfhuwdrdef hcGef;

1946-ck/ 'DZifbmv (23) &uf/ vGdKifaumfr"rRmkHwGif u&ifESpfopful;yGJawmfusif;y&mAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ua&mufvm+yD; ajym=um;csufrSm t*Fvdyfay;xm;aom u&ifeDjynfvGwfvyfa&;onf jynfh0aomvGwfvyfa&;[k rqdkEdkifa=umif;/ jrefrmjynf&&SdrnfhvGwfvyfa&;onf tjynfht0vGwfvyfa&;&&Sdrnfjzpfa=umif;/ u&ifeDjynftaejzifh zGJ@pnf;rnfh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif jynfe,fwcktjzpfyg0ifygu u&ifeDjynfonf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;tjynfht0&Sdap&rnfjzpf+yD; u&ifeDjynf

twGif;a&;udk Armu vHk;00ifa&mufpGufzufrnfr[kwfa=umif;/ u&ifeDjynfta&;udk u&ifeDjynfoljynfom;rsm;uom wdkufdkufudk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh/ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh tjynfht0&Sdap&rnfjzpfa=umif;ajym=um;oGm;onf?

u&ifeDjynfacgif;aqmifrsm;onf jrefrmjynfvGwfvyfa&;&atmif u;pm;yg/ EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'a&;qGJ+yD;ygu u&ifeDjynftaejzifh jynfaxmifpkwGif yg0ifoifhroifh aemufrS jynfol@qENoabmxm;&,lrnfjzpfa=umif; ajym=um;oGm;onf? Tonfvnf; yifvHkpdwf"mwf

ydnmOfESifhqufpyfonf[k qdkEdkifayrnf?

(i) ucsiftrsdK;om;nDvmcHoabmxm;tay: AdkvfcsKyfajym-um;onfh uwdrdef hcGef;

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(u) Oya'ytm%m/(c) tkyfcsKyfa&;tm%mESifh(*) bma&;tm%m?

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wlnD=u+yD;/ e,fpyfa'opHkprf;a&;aumfrwDwGif wdkif;jynfyv$wfawmfY yg0ifyHkenf;vrf;ESifh &Srf;jynf.vdkvm;csufrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif;wifjy&ef qHk;jzwf=uonf?

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(1) &Srf;jynfonf vmrnfhwdkif;yjynfyv$wfawmftpnf;ta0;wGif yg0ifqifE$Jrnf h udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk &Srf;jynfe,faumifpDu vlOD;a&tvdkufwifajrmuf&rnf?

(2) wdkif;yjynfyv$wfawmftwGif;wGif &Srf;jynfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;. oHk;yHkESpfyHkaom rJtrsm;pkudk twdtusr&&SdbJ/ &Srf;jynfESifhoufqdkifaom udpP&yfrsm;tay:wGif qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;/odk@r[kwf aemiftem*wfumvwGif jyXmef;rnfh jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'wGif &Srf;jynftm; xdcdkufaprnfh jyifqifjcif;/ ajymif;vJjcif;/ jznfhpGufjcif;rsm;udkry&?

(3) jrefrmjynfrESifh qufqH&mwGif jynfaxmifpkrlt&jzpfapI/(u) wef;wlnDr#aom tcGifhta&;ESifhtqifhtwef;?

(c) &Srf;jynftwGuf &mcdkifE_ef;jynfhudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;?(*) vGwfvyfa&;&+kyD;onfhaemuf tcsdefra&G; jynfaxmifpkrS cGJxGufEdkifcGifh&Sdap&rnf?

(4) &Srf;jynfwjynfwnf;ESifh aqmuf&Gufjcif;ryEdkifonfh trsm;ESifhoufqdkifonfhudpP&yfrsm;udktm;vHk;u yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef?Oyrm

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onfh udpP&yfrsm;[k vufcHowfrSwfonfhudpP&yfrsm;?

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(c) awmifwef;om;rsm; nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ/ anmifa&$a[mfwGif tpnf;ta0;yvkyfjcif;

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(1) awmifwef;a'orS wdkif;yjynfyv$wfawmfodk @ apv$wfonfhudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk vlrsKd;bmomra&G;bJ ynmt&nftcsif;udkomt"duxm;I jynfe,faumifpDrsm;u tcsKd;us

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aqmif&Guf&ef? odk@aomf oD;jcm;a'owckckESifhywfoufaomudpPrsm;wGif xdka'orSudk,fpm;vS,frsm;teuf oHk;yHkESpfyHk rJtrsm;pkr&&SdbJ rnfonfhqHk;jzwfcsufrS csrSwfjcif;ry&?(u) tm;vHk;twGuf wef;wlnDr#tcGifhta&;?(c) awmifwef;a'oudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm;vHk;twGuf jynfh0aom jynfwGif;udk,fydkiftkyf

csKyfa&;?(*) vGwfvyfa&;&&Sd+yD;aomtcg tcsdefra&G; ArmjynfrScGJxGufEdkifonfh tcGifhta&;?

(3) EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfrsm;ESifh pmcsKyfjcif;/ EdkifiHjcm;odk@ydk @aom oHwrefrsm;cef@xm;jcif; ponfwd k@udk awmifwef;jynfe,frsm;tm; a&S;OD;pGmwdkifyif+yD;rS yvkyf&rnf[k vmrnfhjrefrmzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'wGif a&;om;xnfhoGif;jyXmef;&ef qHk;jzwfonf?

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xdcdkuf av#mhyg;aprnfh tajccHOya'yjyifajymif;vJjcif;wdk@udk xdka'orsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;. oHk;yHkESpfyHkaomrJrsm;/ trsm;pkudkr&&SdbJ yjyifajymif;vJ jcif;ry&[k

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Burma Federal (2nd Editon Final)