BUS 111 Midterm 1 Package

7/22/2019 BUS 111 Midterm 1 Package

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bus-111-midterm-1-package 1/17

Ycfs imbuhgkt fs tcg prmpgrty ml Kgriy Kmtgs (www.kgriy-kmtgs.bmh). _grhfssfmk fs arektgi tm vfgw tcfs imbuhgkt mkdy tm eutcmrfzgi usgrs0 ukigr km

bfrbuhstekbgs erg ymu eddmwgi tm ifstrfnutg, stmrg mr trekshft tcfs imbuhgkt wftcmut tcg gxprgss, wrfttgk bmksgkt ml Kgriy Kmtgs, Fkb.

kgriy-kmtgs.bmh

updmeigi ny usgr Wherzfdde

Bdess: NWR 555

Dgbturg/Gxeh: Hfitgrh 5 _ebèag

Rbcmmd: RNW

Rghgstgr: Rprfka >?59

_rmlgssmr: K/E





Jek >6

HFIYG^H: Qcet ifllgrgktfetgs tcg KERIEU lrmh tcg mtcgr stmb` gxbcekags ermuki tcg wmrdi=

- Vmu imk‖t am tm tcg rmmh.

KERIEU imgsk‖t cevg e nufdifka, ft‖s edd gdgbtrmkfb. Rtmb` gxbcekags fk mtcgr bmuktrfgs erg nufdifkasnut kmt mk tcg KERIEU

KERIEU tm tcg Kgw Vmr` stmb` gxbcekag

Fk tcg pest eki tmiey, mkbg ymu ngbmhg e pundfb bmhpeky, ymu am tm tcg KERIEU tcgk tm stmb`

gxbcekag

Cfac bmrrgdetfmk ngtwggk tcg stmb` gxbcekag eki wcet tcg her`gt dmm`s df`g.

_rfbg amdi

Bruig mfd $61 e nerrgd. Dest yger $5?7

Yrevgdfka trevgdfka tm Gurmpg. >? ygers eam 5:5, tmiey $5.21 tm 5 Gurm

Imk‖t wekt tm nuy fk Gurmpg ngbeusg sm gxpgksfvg. Rm heky Gurmpgeks bmhfka cgrg ngbeusg ft‖s ammi

lmr tcgh. Ammi ‒ he`fka WR prmiubts bcgepgr eki heky nuyfka.

@kmw RK_ 7??, IMQ, KERIEU, Amdi fs treigi gvgry iey, Mfd, gxbcekag retg ml hmkgy Pburrgkby fs

treigi gvgryieyX

Ngst fkvgsthgkt fk dflg: giubetfmk

Dmka tgrh fkvgsthgkt

CQ ‒ wetbc Rupgrnmwd bmhhgrbfed. Cmw hubc fs e 2? sgbmki bmhhgrbfed mk Rukiey ‒ 9hfd!

Brgldmw (iefsy)

Ymky ̂ mnnfks

Nern ̂ fbceris

Lgn 5?

Gxeh wfdd ng Herbc >1tc

Dmm` et yecmm lfkekbg gvgryiey

Qgg`dy essfakhgkt, wfdd bcmmsg smhg ml tcmsg qugstfmks lrmh tcg essfakhgkt

\figm nglmrg tcg gxeh





Essfakhgkt tm ̀ kmw

Kuhngr ml pgmpdg fkvmdvgi fk tcgsg

Lfki mut wcet bmhpeky tcgy wmr` lmr, wcet brfhg tcgy bmhhfttgi, eki wcgrg tcgy erg kmw

Gddfmt Rpftzgr wes cetgi ny Qedd Rtrggt. Ettmrkgy agkgred tcgk amvgrkmr ml KV.

Cg cei e pessfmk lmr ngeutflud wmhgk. Cg cei e prmstftutg eki cmm`gi up wftc cgr mk rgauder nesfs. Cg

heig mkg nfa hfste`g ml trekspmrtfka cgr ebrmss stetg dfkgs. 5) Cg bmudik‖t cevg prmstftutg >) bek‖t he`g

ebrmss stetg dfkgs ‒ lgdmky. Cg cei tm rgsfak eki Qedd Rtrggt wes gdetgi.

Cmw tm prgvgkt pgmpdg lrmh ngfka nei. Et dgest mkg pgrsmk

Qcgk ymu bmhhft e wcftg bmdder brfhg (km vfmdgkbg) ymu agt sgkt tm e bmuktry bdun prfsmk.

_rmlgssmr‖s lrfgki Jgrry. 6 hmktcs fk jefd

Qcftg bmdder brfhgs imk‖t am tm smdfi prfsmks ngbeusg tcgy wmudi prmnendy agt hurigrgi eki

tcgrg wmudik‖t ng eky hmrg wcftg bmdder brfhgs

Nesfb Hmred \edugs:

^fact:

Fktgarfty

^gspgbt lmr cuhek dflg

Rgdl-bmktrmd

Cmkgsty

Bmureag

Rgdl-sebrflfbg

Qrmka:

Bcgetfka

Bmwerifbg

Brugdty

Vmu scmudi cevg e sgt ml hmred vedugs eki stfb` tm ft

Vmur argetgst fkldugkbg fs ymur pggrs

Bek‖t turk ymur bmddgeaug/bmhpekfmk fk

Qcfstdg ndmwgrs erg suppmsgi tm ng prmtgbtgi ny tcg amv‖t nut tcg dflg ermuki ymu wfdd ng vgry

hfsgrendg gvgk fl ymu erg imfka tcg rfact tcfka. Bek tcg amv‖t rgeddy prmtgbt ymu= Fl ymu sgg

smhgtcfka wrmka, im ymu am tm ymur nmss/supgrvfsmr= Rtrmka pmssfnfdfty tcet ymu wfdd dgevggftcgr lfrgi mr ymur pggrs wfdd he`g ft hfsgrendg lmr ymu.

Lebfka Gtcfbed Ifdghhes

2 qugstfmks:

Fs ft dgaed=

Fs ft nedekbgi= PukgtcfbedX





Cmw wfdd ft he`g hg lggd enmut hysgdl=

Irfvfka enmvg tcg spggi dfhft wcgk km ber fs tcgrg: dgaed= Km. Gtcfbed= Vgs

_grsmk amgs fk stmrg eki puts hfd` eki nrgei fk pmb`gt. Dgaed= Cg‖s stgedfka. Fs ft ukgtcfbed= Ft fs

ukgtcfbed nut wg wmudi im ft tm lggi mur lehfdy

Nek` tgddgr he`gs grrmr eki afvgs $>? hmrg

Lrgschgk ukigrarei ieuactgr agts prgakekt

Lgn 5>

Rtmb` her`gt ces nggk sggsewfka tcfs wgg`

Lrfiey ‒ her`gt wgkt up 53? pmfkts

Ghpdmyhgkt lmr Jekuery (5<-<9 y/m wcm erg ebtfvgdy dmm`fka lmr e jmn) rgpmrt wes nei kuhngr nut

ukghpdmyhgkt retg irmppgi 5?%

_gmpdg sm ifsbmureagi tcgy erg kmt dmm`fka lmr wmr` eki erg kmt bmksfigrgi ukghpdmygi

66 wgg`s ml ukghpdmyhgkt ‒ tcgy agt bmhpgksetgi

Rcfky suft stmry rgsteurekt #5 ‒ mutsfig lfrst ‒ @gw Aerigk

5st wes edd lehfdy, cmkgst, gvgrymkg wmr`gi ceri

Ye`gs e yger mll

@gkky nufdis e sgbmki ‒ fk ukfmk iedg kger Cmlstre

Cfrgi smhg mutsfig pgmpdg, kmt es tfact, kmt lehfdy, kmt es gllfbfgkt

_rml te`gs mll, imgsk‖t wmr`

Ye`gs e yger mll

Ycfri rgsteurekt et tcg Cehptmks, ekmtcgr nfa subbgss ny @gkky

Kmw tcg pertkgr wekts hmrg hmkgy

Gvgktueddy, @gkky nrfkas 7 rgsteurekts

E dmt ml hmkgy

Nei cenfts

Elrfbe ‒ wgkt tm Hmrmbbm, wgkt tm Cesc lebtmry

Nrmuact Mpfuh (kmt cesc) eki cg ngbmhgs eki eiifbt

Cg agts sgt up ny pmdfbg





Ycgy wekt tm ̀ kmw tcg suppdfgr (hmn)

Cg wmudi im >? ygers fk prfsmk

Buts e iged wftc Lgi ‒ wftkgss prmtgbtfmk prmareh

Kgvgr sgg cfh eltgr tcet. Qektgi hek ny tcg hmn.

57 ygers detgr sgg cfh

RJ cedd ml lehg nmeri, wektgi @gkky tcgrg

Agts bedd lrmh nrmtcgr tcet cg‖s edfvg eki wgdd fk Benm, Hgxfbm, just wekts cfs lehfdy tm `kmw cg‖s edfvg

Bedd lrmh @gkky, put mk tcg nmeri, cgsftekt enmut bmhfka neb`

\gry nei pcysfbed eppgerekbg eki bdgek

7x ^gcen fk Hgxfbm

Herrfgi 2x

Imgsk‖t rghghngr smhg ygers

Rgdds tfhg scergs

^gukfmk fk Euaust

Qflg beddgi, cg wes rgeddy sfb`, ruscgi tm cmspfted, mpgkgi cfh up eki bekbgr gvgrywcgrg, < hmktcs tm

dfvg eki ifgi fk 2 wgg`s_ertkgr ifgi ml cgrmfk mvgrimsg e dfttdg nglmrg

Nusfkgss espgbt

Bmudi cevg smdi ft, bdmsgi ft imwk ny te`fka hmkgy, lrekbcfsg ft ‒ bcmfbgs

Cg stmdg lrmh nusfkgss eki te`gs iruas

Fl cg ifik‖t am fktm tcg iruas, cg wmudi cevg nggk ammi.

59 hmktcs ml tfhg eki hmkgy tm he`g rgsteurekt

PBedflmrkfe stmry ‒ smwfka up scmgsX

7?% ml nusfkgssgs lefd gvgry yger eki tcg rgst lefd tcg mtcgr yger

^gesmks:





_mmr pdekkfka

m Vmu cevg tm wmr` fk tcg nusfkgss eki `kmw lrmh E-Z

Hmkgy

m Neb` up hmkgy. Cmw dmka scmudi ymu afvg ft uktfd ymu igtgrhfkg wcgtcgr ft wfdd

m Fl ymur nusfkgss imgsk‖t he`g ft fk < hmktcs ft wmk‖t he`g ft

m Kggi < hmktcs‖ hmkgy fk eivekbg lmr gvgry hmktc. Fl nrm`g eltgr > hmktcs, cmw wfddymu igtgrhfkg wcgtcgr subbgsslud.

Cmw mdi ymu cevg tm ng tm stert e nusfkgss= Km eag

Cmhg Igpmt ‒ stertgi fk 7?y/m

_grsmkedfty

Rcgfde B. Jmcksmk

Lfrst Elrfbek-Ehgrfbek wmhek ngbehg hfddfmkefrg

Qcet fs ek gktrgprgkgurscfp= ‒ Ebbgptfka tcg rfs` ml stertfka eki rukkfka e nusfkgss

Qcy YE@G tcg rfs`=

Mppmrtukfty

_rmlft

Fkigpgkigkbg

Bceddgkag

Qcet imgs ft te`g tm ng ek Gktrgprgkgur=

Rgdl-ifrgbtgi

m Cevg tm cevg tcg irfvg

Rgdl-kurturfka

m Bek‖t wmrry enmut wcet pgmpdg tcfk` enmut ymu

Ebtfmk-mrfgktgi

Cfacdy gkgragtfb

Ymdgrekt ml ukbgrtefkty

m Vmu imk‖t `kmw wcgtcgr ymu wfdd ng subbgsslud mr kmt, wcgtcgr ymu tcfk` ymu kggi e dmtml mppmrtukfty. Hmst gktrgprgkgurs kgvgr rgdex

Hfbrmprgkgurs

Qfddfka tm ebbgpt tcg rfs` ml stertfka eki hekeafka e nusfkgss tcet rghefks shedd, dgts tcgh im

tcg wmr` tcgy wekt tm im, eki mllgrs e nedekbgi dflgstydg





Heky hfbrmprgkgurs erg cmhg-nesgi nusfkgss mwkgrs ‒ wrftgrs, bmksudtekts, vfigm prmiubgrs,

erbcftgbts, nmm``ggpgrs, gtb.

Kgerdy <?% ml cmhg-nesgi hfbrmprgkgurs erg hgk

*ceppy tm he`g e sfakflfbekt ehmukt ml hmkgy tcet wmk‖t ellgbt tcgfr dflgstydg+

Fktreprgkgurs

E brgetfvg pgrsmk wcm wmr`s es ek gktrgprgkgur wftcfk e bmrpmretfmk

Fktreprgkgurs usg e bmhpeky‖s gxfstfka rgsmurbgs tm deukbc kgw prmiubts lmr tcg bmhpeky

Ert Lry ml 2H igvgdmpgi _mst-Fts wcgk cg wes tryfka tm her` peags ml fts cyhked wftcmut

ieheag.

PCg wes gtcfbed eki sefi cg heig ft iurfka wmr` retcgr tcek heig ft iurfka wmr`. Hy

brgetfmk, hy petgkt, hy hmkgy. Nut cg wes gtcfbed, bmudi cevg nggk e nfddfmkefrg nut tcg wmr`

tmm` mvgr cfs brgetfmk eki heig hmkgy lrmh tcet. GtcfbX

Fkbunetmrs ‒ mllgr kgw nusfkgssgs dmw-bmst mllfbgs wftc nesfb sgrvfbgs (tcgrg fs mkg fk stmky nrmm`). Fl

prmiubt fs subbgsslud, tcgy agt e pgrbgkteag ml ft.

Rhedd nusfkgss

Nusfkgss _deks

Nusfkgss _deks ‒ e igtefdgi wrfttgk stetghgkt tcet igsbrfngs tcg keturg ml tcg nusfkgss eki tcg teragt.

RQMY pdek

Qcet ifi tcgy im fk Nusfkgss tcet amt tcgh fktm trmundg= Qcet erg tcgfr brfhgs= Qcgrg erg tcgy tmiey=

Gddfmt Rpftzgr

Ekagdm Hmzfdm

Igkkfs @mzdmws`f

@gkkgtc Dey Pifgi ml cgert etteb`X

Ngrkfg Heimll

Ngrkceri Gnngrs

Jgllgry R`fddfka

Ertcur Ekigrsmk (bmhpeky)





Lgn 51

9?-7? h/b, 2 vgrsfmks ml gxehs,

^fs` 8 rgweri

Fl kmt hubc rfs` tcgk kmt hubc rgweri

Kgvgr wekt cfac rfs` wftc dmw rgturk

Lrekbcfsg ‒ arget wey tm stert nusfkgss0 wmr`fka lmr ekmtcgr bmrpmretfmk. Ammi tcfka ‒ fl wftc

hejmr lrekbcfsg ‒ rergdy wfdd ft gvgr am mut ml nusfkgss.

Qcgk pgmpdg imk‖t `kmw gkmuac enmut tcg nusfkgss, ft wfdd lefd. Ycgy lefd ngbeusg tcgy kgvgr

wmr`gi fk ft0 nut tcgy cevgk‖t nggk pert ml tcg lfgdi. Rgbmki rgesmk 8 lfkekbfed rgesmks, pgmpdg

imk‖t cevg gkmuac hmkgy fk besg nusfkgss fs et e sdmw stert.

\figm

7 ygers tm ng subbgsslud

Ycgy `kgw smhgtcfka enmut sefdfka eki cei e pessfmk lmr ft

Ycgy ergk‖t hfbrmprgkgugrs, tcgy wektgi tm ng e nfa tfhg nusfkgss eki gxpekifka

Km nusfkgss pdek mr eky fige wcet tcgy wgrg imfka

Refdnmet eki es`gi pgmpdg fl tcgy‖i df`g tm am lmr e rfig (mr rfig tcg nmet)

Fl ymu‖rg wfddfka tm put fk wmr` eki tfhg, ymu bek ngbmhg vgry subbgsslud0 nut fl kgvgr rgeiy tm

wmr`, ymu wmk‖t ng endg tm he`g ft

Fktreprgkgurs ‒ wmr`fka lrggdy eki cmwgvgr tcgy wekt fk e bmrpmretfmk

Ycgy stertgi tcgfr sefdfka sbcmmd

Nuyfka tfhg scerg Her`gt tcgfr nusfkgss eki rgdetfmkscfp wftc ifllgrgkt bmrpmretfmks (cmtgds, gtb.)

Mut ml tcg nusfkgss tcgk BGM ‒ hekeafka nusfkgss eki sgttfka ft up. Ft fs stfdd luk lmr tcgh.

Fhpmrtekbg ml shedd nusfkgssgs

>? hfddfmk fk tcg WR

17% ml edd kgw jmn

7?% ml bmuktry‖s AI_

Hmst jmns fk shedd nusfkgssgs

3?% ml Ehgrfbeks lfki tcgfr lfrst jmn fk shedd nusfkgssgs

Et dgest 2 ygers ml gxpgrfgkbg nglmrg stertfka mwk nusfkgss 6?% nusfkgss lefd lrmh pmmr lefdurg

Kggi e nusfkgss pdek, dflg pdek

RMKFB lrekbcfsg ‒ vfigm PYSX ny Bmiy Nerkgtt

WRE‖s deragst bcefk ml irfvg-fk lest lmmi rgsteurekt

Mvgr 2,???





Lmukigi fk 5679

_er`gi bers fk dmt eki weftgrs nrmuact lmmi fk rmddgr sètgs

Bmiy wes refsgi fk hfiidg bdess lehfdy

Igbfsfmk tm wcgtcgr bmktfkug bmddgag mr te`g mvgr letcgr‖s nusfkgss eltgr letcgr‖s igetc mr sgdd

letcgr‖s nusfkgss. Letcgr wes hfbrmprgkgur fk e wey

Km dmkagr armwfka tcg nusfkgss nut spgki tfhg wftc lehfdy. Rfkbg cg‖s e hudtfhfddfmkefrg, cg bekim tcet.

Lrekbcfsg eargghgkt

Rgdds tcg rfact ml usg tcg nusfkgss kehg tm usg tcg prmiubt ml nusfkgss tm tcg lrekbcfsgg

Rtertup bmst fs vgry cfac (ifseivekteag) wcgk stertfka lrekbcfsg

Kggi tm ng vgry beutfmus wcgk stertfka up lrekbcfsg

Kggi tm ukigrsteki tcg budturg

Rtertgi es smud-prmprfgtmr tcgk bmrpmretfmk. Bek nuy scergs ml ft kmw.

Lgn 56

_rmlgssmr Nusfkgssgs

Dutcgrek Cfac Rbcmmd ‒ nfaagst suhhgr prmareh fk tcg WR. Imk‖t cevg e nesgnedd tgeh.

> wgg` nesgnedd prmareh

Gkigi up imfka lmr 57 ygers tcgk behg tm stmky nrmm` (ifi wcet=) lmr amfka lmr mkdy > wgg`s.

Rtertgi > nusfkgssgs stfdd rukkfka

Admnedfzetfmk

Fkt‖d prmareh lefr, te`fka stuigkts tm Arggbg eki ^mhg.

_rmlgssmr tgebcgs NWR 557

Ceweff stmry

Afvfka gxeh tm agt tfb`gt neb` cmhg

Dgerkgi Lrgkbc

Lrgkbc ppd ifik‖t df`g Ehgrfbeks ngbeusg ml mur amv‖t eki ngfka eutcmrftetfvg

_mrtuaed





Qcmdg ldmmr enmut $>7

Hmrmbbm

Ruaagstfmk ml e aueri n/b ml tcglt

Yurks mut aueri wes stgedfka lrmh tcgh

Rew wmhgk wgrg wmr`fka eki kmt hgk

Rgkgaed

Cmtgds rmmh rgktgi fk Ieèr

Ammi cmtgd, cei surlnmeris

Auy tgdds cfh tcgrg‖s km rmmhs, km dmkagr ces rmmhs n/b prgsfigkt te`gk mvgr tcg rmmhs, rgdetfvg ml prgsfs agttfka herrfgi eki ces bmklfsbetgi edd rmmhs

Km rmmhs et edd

Imbtmr wcm fs edsm e surlgr hggts tcgh

Lfkis e pdebg lmr tcgh tm sdggp fk e vfddeag wftc Rgkgaedgsg pgmpdg (fk cuts) ft wes selg

Cfs lrfgki ces tcg mkdy cmusg mk ek fsdeki

Cgdpgi tcg vfddeag pgmpdg eki fk tcg gki tcgy aevg tcgh e NNU ‒ tcgy NNU e nmet

Ldy tm Rmutc Elrfbe wftc Epertcgfi amv‖t

Rgperetfmk, ifstfkbt sgperetfmk ntwk wcftg eki ndeb` eki im kmt hfx lmr eky bfrbuhstekbg

Ycgy am tcrmuac edd tcgfr duaaeag

_rml nrmuact tgxtnmm`s, bdfkfbed psybcmdmafst et tcg tfhg, tmm` tcg nmm`s

Gvgry nufdifka seys wcftg mkdy eki mkbg fk e wcfdg wfdd sey ndeb`

Qcftg nus stmp, ifik‖t sgg eky ndeb` nus stmp0 ndeb` mkgs et tcg gki ml tmwk > gkis

Iutbc he`g up 59% ml tcg pmpudetfmk, tcgk treiftfmked ndeb` pgmpdg, tcgk e hfxgi armup ‒ eky hfxturgml ndeb` Esfek, ndeb` eki wcftg, gtb. tcgy‖rg beddgi bmdmrgi pgmpdg eki tcgy cevg km nus stmp et edd. Lggds

df`g Ehgrfbe iurfka sdevgry.

Ndeb` pgmpdg dfvg fk km sekftery bmksfiftmk eki dfvg tcgrg edd dflg

? ukghpdmyhgkt retg, gvgry ndeb` pgrsmk wmr`s, fl ndeb` pgmpdg ifik‖t wmr` tcgk tcgy‖i rgvmdt.

Qcftg pgrsmk wftc rfldg eki ndeb` pgmpdg imfka lerh wmr`





Ndeb` pgrsmk agts fk ber, kmtcfka tm lger, surlgrs, pgrlgbt Gkadfsc, bmddgag giubetfmk fk Bcfke ngbeusg mkg

ml tcg pdebgs tcgy wgrg wgdbmhgi, amed fk dflg: tcrmwfka pgmpdg mut ml Elrfbe es smmk es dgeigr agts mut

ml jefd. EKB ‒ Elrfbek Ketfmked Bmkargss ‒ augrrfdde werlerg armups etteb`fka bmkargss gvgry kmw eki

tcgk. Cg‖s ted`fka enmut Kgdsgk Hekigde. 3<% ml us eki 59% ml tcgh eki ny scggr kuhngr tcgy wfdd ng

subbgsslud.

Kgvgr `kmw wcgk rgvmdutfmk wfdd bmhg nut ft wfdd iglfkftgdy bmhg

Qmrst sduh fk tcg wmrdi fk Rmwgtm, Jmcekkgsnura ‒ rged cmstfdg erge. Cmusg mut ml berinmeri rfact kgxt

tm gebc mtcgr, km sekftetfmk, `fis pdeyfka fk lfdtc, bek shgdd lrmh ler ewey.

>??2

Bedd lrmh WR amv‖t tm am tm Rmutc Elrfbe

Epertcgfi fs kmw amkg

Qekt tcgh tm am neb`

^ghmvgi edd wcftg pgmpdg lrmh dgeigrscfp pmsftfmk eki ndeb` pgmpdg wfdd agt pmwgr, nut tcgy ifik‖t

`kmw cmw wmr` amv‖t pmsftfmk. _rml wes beddgi tm tgebc tcgh wftc 2 mtcgr ppd

Qgkt tm 7 ukfvgrsftfgs eki –Mdyhpfb vfddeags‖ cmw tm her`gt eki mtcgr tcfkas

Fkstgei ml peyfka tcgh, tcgy igbfigi tm afvg tcgh 2 ieys fk Relerf nut es pert ml tcet smhgmkg pfb`gi

tcgh up wftc rfldg fk ngkz. Jmcekkgsnura ces <?% ukghpdmyhgkt retg. Ehgrfbek nusfkgssgs puddgi mut.

Rew lrmh ifstekbg eki pgmpdg dfkgi up tm nuy pepgr bup, eppdg, mrekags, rgeddy nei. Qektgi tm sgg

Rmwgtm, >? ygers detgr. Kmtcfka wes fhprmvgi.

Agttfka rfi ml epertcgfi wes fhpmrtekt nut kmw cevg tm he`g tcg gbmkmhfb lrmh sbretbc

RJmck

Kmrtc eki Erbtfb ‒ Wdmm ‒ km sukimwk fk Jukg

WRR^ stfdd gxfsts, bmdi wer gxfsts, stfdd cevg Ngrdfk wer, Gest eki Qgst Agrheky, vgry cmstfdg. Qerkfka

imk‖t agt eky typg ml fkbfigkts. Imk‖t ruk fktm @AN ngbeusg ymu hfact gki up fk Rfngrfe eki wfdd kgvgr

cger lrmh tcgh eaefk.

1> cmurs fk wgg`gki irfk`fka eki shm`fka

Kgxt wgg` bmhgs, es`s tm nuy jgeks

Rehg tcfka tcg kgxt Lrfiey

_rml lfkeddy sfts wftc tcgh mk 2ri wgg`

Agts fklmrhetfmk ‒ amv‖t te`gs mvgr gvgrytcfka

Gvgrynmiy wekts Ehgrfbek prmiubt





Amv‖t eddmws tcfs. Ycgy sgdd eki amv‖t agts pgrbgkteag

_rml puts fk nrmwk nea, dest mkg tm dgevg, puts tcg jgeks mk tendg, km hmkgy, cg wes sm hmvgi eki

stertgi bryfka, prml dglt

> nmm`s bmhhukfst bmuktrfgs nekkgi ‒ ^gdfafmus nmm`s eki Rgers Betedma P5??? peagsX gvgry prmiubt

tcgy heig wes fk tcet nmm` eki tcg ûssfek amv‖t ifik‖t wekt tcet

Lgn >9

Currfbekg @etrfke

Rteag 5: Bdgekup steag

Rteag >: ^gnufdi. $<5 nfd ‒ >3 ygers‖ wmr` wmrtc ml nufdifka

FL tcgsg pgmpdg wgrg wcftg, tcg amv‖t wmudi cevg afvgk tcgh hmkgy ERE_, tcgrg fs e bdess eki bmdmr

systgh. Fk Dmka Fsdeki, pgmpdg dfvg kger wetgr eki cevg hmkgy.

Lgn ><

IMQ gxbcekag ‒ 2? deragst bmhpekfgs ny vedug fk tcg WR

Nudd eki Nger ‒ cfac mr dmw stmb` iey

RK_: 7?? deragst bmhpekfgs

Bek mkdy nuy mfd fk WRI

Qcy cesk‖t brfsfs fk W`refkg ellgbtgi tcg stmb` her`gt==

Gktrgprgkgurscfp

$<?` lmr Iu`g scg peys, $5??` ignt, $5?` wes pefi mll wmr`fka fk HbImkedi, scg wgkt tm pmrkmarepcy

nusfkgss

Rt Jmcks eki bedd afrd stmry (vgry cfac bdess) PBcrfstyX, scg areiuetgi eki fs prebtfbfka ettmrkgy eki

ceppfdy herrfgi kmw

Rpekfsc tgebcgr fk cfac sbcmmd, sgbmki jmn cfac bdess strfppgr, > ieys e wgg`, $5` e kfact, iekbgi lmur

hmrg ygers eki wgkt tm ludd tfhg tgebcfka

Rukiey kfact, dma mk et 5?ph lmr 7hfks

Et dgest 5 qugstfmk enmut Ghfkgh mk tcg Gxeh

_mwgr_mfkts





Hebrm eki Hfbrm gbmkmhfbs

KV stetg 8 hfbrm

WR 8 hebrm

Hedtcus ngdfgvgi fl tcg rfbc cei hmst ml tcg wgedtc eki tcg pmmr cei hmst ml tcg pmpudetfmk, rgsmurbgs

wmudi ruk mut

Ycfs ngdfgl dgi tcg wrftgr Ycmhes Berdydg tm bedd gbmkmhfbs —Ycg Ifshed Rbfgkbg‘

Kgm-Hedtcusfeks ngdfgvg tcgrg erg tmm heky pgmpdg fk tcg wmrdi eki ngdfgvg tcg ekswgr fs reifbed nfrtc

bmktrmd

Eieh Rhftc ‒ letcgr ml gbmkmhfbs

Rhftc ngdfgvgi:

Lrggimh wes vfted tm eky gbmkmhy‖s survfved

Lrggimh tm mwk deki mr prmpgrty eki tcg rfact tm `ggp tcg prmlfts ml e nusfkgss fs gssgktfed

_gmpdg wfdd wmr` ceri fl tcgy ngdfgvg tcgy wfdd ng rgwerigi

Wkigrstekifka tcg Fkvfsfndg Ceki tcgmry

E lerhgr gerks hmkgy ny sgddfka cfs brmps

Ym gerk hmrg, tcg lerhgr cfrgs lerhcekis tm prmiubg hmrg brmps

Qcgk tcg lerhgr prmiubgs hmrg, tcgrg fs pdgkty ml lmmi lmr tcg bmhhukfty

Ycg lerhgr cgdpgi cfs ghpdmyggs eki cfs bmhhukfty wcfdg cgdpfka cfhsgdl

Bepftedfsh

Edd mr hmst ml tcg deki, lebtmrfgs eki stmrgs erg mwkgi ny fkifvfiueds, kmt tcg amv‖t, eki

mpgretgi lmr prmlft

Bmuktrfgs wftc bepftedfst lmuktefk

m WR

m Gkadeki

m Eustredfe

m Bekeie Lrgg Her`gt ‒ igbfsfmks enmut wcet eki cmw hubc tm prmiubg erg heig ny tcg her`gt

Her`gt _rfbg (Gqufdfnrfuh _mfkt) ‒ igtgrhfkgi ny suppdy eki igheki, tcfs fs kgamtfetgi prfbg

kgamtfetgi prfbg, sgttdghgkt

Lmur Igarggs ml Bmhpgtftfmk:





_grlgbt Bmhpgtftfmk

Hmkmpmdfstfb Bmhpgtftfmk

Mdfampmdy

Hmkmpmdy

Ycg Nggus (ifehmkis)

Rmbfedfsh: Ek gbmkmhfb systgh nesgi mk tcg prghfsg tcet smhg nesfb nusfkgssgs, df`g utfdftfgs, scmudi ng

mwkgi ny tcg amv‖t fk mrigr tm hmrg gvgkdy ifstrfnutg prmlfts ehmka tcg pgmpdg.

Gktrgprgkgurs ruk sheddgr nusfkgss

Bftfzgk erg cfacdy texgi

Amv‖t fs hmrg fkvmdvgi fk prmtgbtfka tcg gkvfrmkhgkt eki tcg pmmr

Ycg Kgaetfvgs ml Rmbfedfsh

Lgw fkbgktfvgs lmr nusfkgsspgmpdg tm te`g rfs`s

Nrefk Irefk: Rmhg ml e bmuktrfgs ngst eki nrfactgst wmr`grs (f.g. imbtmrs, dewygrs eki nusfkgss

mwkgrs) hmvg tm bepftedfstfb bmuktrfgs

Lgwgr fkvgktfmks eki fkkmvetfmks n/b tcg rgweri fs kmt es arget es fk bepftedfstfb bmuktrfgs.

Yrgkifka Ymweri Hfxgi Gbmkmhfgs

Bmhhukfst amv‖ts erg ifseppgerfka

Hmstdy smbfedfst amv‖ts erg buttfka neb` mk smbfed prmarehs, dmwgrfka texgs eki hmvfka tmweri

bepftedfsh

Hmstdy bepftedfst bmuktrfgs erg fkbrgesfka smbfed prmarehs eki hmvfka tmweri hmrg smbfedfsh

WR fs hmvfka hmrg tmweri smbfedfsh

Bune eki Kmrtc @mrge erg tcg mkdy smbfedfst bmuktrfgs dglt

Bmhhukfsh: ek gbmkmhfb eki pmdftfbed systgh fk wcfbc tcg amv‖t he`gs edhmst edd tcg gbmkmhfb

igbfsfmks eki mwk edhmst edd tcg hejmr lebtmrs ml prmiubtfmk

_rfbgs imk‖t rgldgbt igheki wcfbc hey dgei tm scmrteags ml ftghs, fkbduifka lmmi eki bdmtcfka

Hmst bmhhukfst bmuktrfgs tmiey sullgr sgvgrg gbmkmhfb igprgssfmk eki bftfzgks lger amv‖t

Hfxgi gbmkmhy: smhg eddmbetfmk ml rgsmurbgs fs heig ny tcg her`gt eki smhg ny tcg amv‖t tcet fs us

tmiey

Her 2

G-_mrtlmdfm Gxtre Brgift

Qrftg e rgldgbtfmk fk ymur NWR555 rgldgbtfmk ml tcg pmrtlmdfm ‒ jmurked typg

gpmrtlmdfmOstmkynrmm`.giu

www.stmkynrmm`.ifafbetfmk.bmh

mailto:[email protected]







Dma mk kgxt Qgikgsiey kfact

Aceke HNE prmareh prmlgssmr lfkis tm jmfk nmtc fkstftutfmks, ruk wftc aueri, typfbed Acekefek vfddeag, >

dfttdg `fis sterfka et cfh ‒ lfrst wcftg pgrsmk tcgy sew.

E dmt ml `fis sgddfka stull, bmhpudsmry giubetfmk uktfd 5< y/m, wgedtcfgr lehfdfgs am tm prfvetg sbcmmds,

@uhesf, Aceke ‒ ft fs e hetrferbced smbfgty ‒ tcgy ruk tcg amv‖t, tcg gbmkmhfbs, wmhgk ruk gvgrytcfka

eki hgk eargg tm ft, prmlgssmr hgt tcg hetrferbc ‒ mvgr e cukirgi eki wrfk`dg lrgg

AI_ fk Aceke $59? fk e yger. WR $2?@-9?@

Her 7

_cysfbfst, hetcghetfbfeks eki ettmrkgys ‒ Qerrgk Nullgt

2 nfddfmk pgmpdg fk tcg wmrdi dfvg mk dgss tcek $> e iey

5 nfddfmk pgmpdg fk tcg wmrdi dfvg mk dgss tcek $5 e iey

\figm

Cmusfka Nunndg

.bmh nunndg brfsfs

_rfhg hmrtaeag ‒ pgrsmk wftc ammi brgift agttfka hmrtaeag

Run-prfhg hmrtaeags ‒ afvfka hmrtaeags tm tcmsg wcm imk‖t igsgrvg (nei brgift) fkbrgesgi. Cfacgst

fktgrgst.

^fs`fgr mkgs pey cfacgr rgturk

Nuyfka hmrtaeags

Hfi >???s

Cmusfka prfbgs lgdd, hmkgy wes dgss tcek tcgy mwgi

Km fkbgktfvg tm pey hmrtaeags sm tcgy igleudtgi

Nek`s wgrg dglt wftc cukirgis ml hfddfmks ml $ fk hmrtaeags

Nger Rtgerks wgkt nrm`g, wes $53?/scerg tcgk wgkt tm $> e scerg tcgk wgkt nrm`g ‒ wftcfk e wgg`

Dgchek Nrmtcgrs stmb`s wgkt imwk

Ignts wgrg hubc cfacgr tcek essgts ‒ ngbeusg RBB rgdexgi fk >??9. Lmrgfak her`gts bmddepsgi es wgdd,

wgkt admned. Ymxfb Ebfi

Ygi Ngrkek`g ‒ (ml tcg Lgigred ^gsgrvg) usfka tex peygr hmkgy tm nefd mut nek`s (mur hmkgy tm nek`s,

wcm irmvg us imwk, kmt tm shedd nusfkgssgs), tcg nek`s aevg tcgfr wmr`grs nmkusgs (es pgr bmktrebt)





Detg >???s rgbgssfmk kger arget igprgssfmk, hmrg tcek 9 hfddfmk pgmpdg dmst tcgfr cmhgs, bmkargss

Imiag Lrek` (=) ebt tm rgaudetg Qedd Rtrggt, Nek`s wgrg elrefi tm dgki (tm shedd pgmpdg eki kmt tm

nusfkgssgs). Arget heky hfste`gs wgrg heig.

Her >9

Bcfke fs #5 gxpmrtgr tcgk Agrheky

WR fs #5 fhpmrtgr

Rystghetfb rfs`gi

Lrekkfg H + Lrgiifg Heb ‒ amv‖t sevgs

Amv‖t cgdpgi pgmpdg mk Qedd Rt. nut kmt shedd (mrifkery pgmpdg ukigr tcg cmurfka her`gt brescgi

@kmw Bmdi Qer vs. Cmt Qer

Brfb`gt Dgg (Lftdmafb)

Igvgdmpgi e systgh ml bdmtcs sfzfka beddgi Lftdmafb

Dgg‖s systgh stekierifzgs sfzgs eki prmvfigs ldgxfnfdfty ‒ derag bdmtcgs

Ycmuac scg ces ek gxbgddgkt fige, Dgg hust her`gt cgr prmiubt

Her`gtfka: tcg ebtfvfty ---=

Dekbg Lrfgi ‒ gdgbtrfbed gkafkggr wcm wgkt fktm nusfkgss eltgr cg nufdt e wetgrprmml H_2 pdeygr0

uklmrtuketgdy cfs prmiubts imgsk‖t he`g ft ngbeusg pgmpdg wgrgk‖t fktm ft

Lmbusgi cfs her`gtfka pek mk shedd surls scmps fkstgei ml derag stmrgs

Kmw cg ettgkis treig scmws eki ruks e wgnsftg tm cgdp sgdd hmrg prmiubts

Lmur erges ml Her`gtfka ‒ vgry fhpmrtekt (sdfig 52.5)

Her`gtfka Bmkbgpts (2 perts):

5) Bustmhgr Mrfgktetfmk: lfkifka mut wcet tcg bustmhgrs wekt eki tcgk prmvfifka ft

>) Rgrvfbg Mrfgktetfmk

2) _rmlft mraekfzetfmk

Ycg Bustmhgr ^gdetfmkscfp GÊ

Dgerkfka es hubc es ymu bek enmut bustmhgrs eki imfka wcet ymu bek tm setfsly mr gxbggi tcgfr

gxpgbtetfmks

Mraekfzetfmks sgg` tm gkcekbg bustmhgr setfslebtfmk nufdifka dmka-tgrh rgdetfmkscfps





Ymiey lfrhs df`g _rfbgdfkg eki Yrevgdmbfty usg B^H tcet sdmw bustmhgrs tm nufdi e rgdetfmkscfp

wftc tcg suppdfgrs

(sdfig 2?57)

Km nei pundfbfty ‒ Gktgrtefkhgkt

Gdfmt Rpftzgr

Qcet imgs ft hgek tm —cgdp tcg nuygr nuy=

Qcet erg tcg tcrgg perts ml tcg her`gtfka bmkbgpt=

Qcet erg tcg lmur _‖s ml tcg her`gtfka hfx=

_rmlgssmr bcmsg tcg sgewmdl lrmh petrfmts, wg smk ngst dmams ml tcg yger.

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BUS 111 Midterm 1 Package