BUS SYSTEM

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BUS SYSTEM

Members: Bui Thi DiepNguyen Thi Ngoc MaiVu Thi Thuy

Class: 1c06

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www.themegallery.com

OVERVIEW

1

Introduction of bus lines2

Introduction of typical buses3

Conclusion4

Setting the problem

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Setting the problems

How to connect components in the processor such as hard disks, memory, sound system, video system and so on?

How many parts are there in the modern bus system?

What should we know the bus?How many kinds of bus?What are some typical buses?

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Buses in a computer system

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Bus system

System

Bus

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I/O Bus

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System bus

FrontsideBus

SYSTEMBUS

Backside Bus

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I/O Bus

I/O Bus

PCI Bus (1993)

ISA Bus (1981)

AT Bus (1987)USB Bus (2000)

PCI Express Bus (2004)

AGP Bus (1996)

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Understanding bus

Concept of bus systemPurpose of using busCharacteristics of busAdvantages of busDisadvantages of bus

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Concept of bus

A bus in the computing is the set of physical connection(cable, printed circuits, ...) which can be share by multiple hardware components in order to communicate with one another.

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Concept of bus

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Purpose of using bus

The purpose of using bus is to reduce the number of “pathways” needed for communication between the components, by carry out all communication over a single data channel.

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Characteristics of BusThe amount of information that can be

transmitted at once.

This amount, expressed in bit, corresponds to the number of physical lines over which data is sent simultaneously.

The bus speed is also defined by its frequency (expressed in Hertz), the number of data packets sent or received per second.

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Bus disadvantagesThe major disadvantage of a bus is that it

creates a communications bottleneck.

A bus limits the maximum I/O throughput.

For high performance systems, designing a bus system capable of meeting the demands of the processor is a major challenge.

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Bus AdvantagesTwo major advantages of a bus

organization are:

Low cost: a single set of wires is shared between multiple cores

Versatility: new cores can be added easily and cores can be reused in a different design if the bus interface is the same

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Bus Classification3 ways to classify kinds of bus:

Base on signal function:• Address bus• Data bus• Control bus

Base on speed:• VXL bus• Processor bus• I/O bus

Base on operation rules• Synchronous bus• Asynchronous bus

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Mention ContentAddress busData busControl bus

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ADDRESS BUS

Computer bus (a series of lines connecting two or more devices) used to specify a physical address

Consists of all the signals necessary to define any of the possible memory address locations within the computer, or for modular memories any of the possible memory address locations within a module

Defined as a label, symbol, or other set of characters used to designate a location or register where information is stored

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ADDRESS BUS (cont)

An address must be transmitted to memory over the address bus before data or instructions can be written into or read from memory by the CPU or I/O sections

The width of the address bus determines the amount of memory a system can address

Example: a system with a 32-bit address address 232

(4,294,967,296) memory locations.

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ADDRESS BUS (cont)

Table 12: 80x86 Family Address Bus Sizes

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DATA BUS

Function: the bidirectional data bus, sometimes called the memory bus, handles the transfer of all data and instructions between functional areas of the computer

Only transmit in one direction at a time

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DATA BUS

Transfer instructions from memory to the CPU for

execution. It carries data (operands) to and from the CPU

and memory as required by instruction translation

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CONTROL BUS

Used by the CPU to direct and monitor the actions of the other functional areas of the computer

Used to transmit a variety of individual signals (read, write, interrupt, acknowledge …) necessary to control and co-ordinate the operations of the computer

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Typical buses – ISA BusSome focused information:

ISA = Industry Standard Architecture ISA was a computer bus standards for IBM

compatible computers.

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Typical buses – ISA BusSome focused information:

The ISA bus was developed by a team lead by Mark Dean at IBM as part of the IBM PC project in 1981.

ISA bus is the oldest, slowest and soon to become obsolete I/O bus system.

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Typical buses – ISA Bus

Some focused information: Is used with sound cards, disk drives or most

network and video cards.

8-bit ISA (XT) card 16-bit ISA card

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History: In 1981, it appeared on the first PC the 8-bit

ISA bus ran at a modest 4.77 – the same speed as the processor.

In 1982, it was extended for the XT (X-Tended Technology) system architecture.

In 1984, the newer 16-bit standard, the IBM AT bus, was introduced.

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Typical buses – ISA BusHistory:

In1988, ISA was improved to 32-bit EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) standard and renamed the AT bus.

In 1990s, most ISA cards remained as 8-bit technology.

Now, in late 2008, the extinction of vestigial ISA from chipsets may be on the horizon

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Comparison:

Bus width 8 – bit

Compatible with

8 bit ISA

Pins 62

Power +5 V, -5 V, +12 V, -12V

Clock 4.7727266 MHz

Bus width 16 – bit

Compatible with

16 bit ISA

Pins 98

Power +5 V, -5 V, +12 V, -12V

Clock 8.333333 MHz

8-bit ISA Bus 16-bit ISA Bus

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Typical buses – PCI Express Bus

Some focused information: PCI Express = Peripheral Component

Interconnect Express = PCI-E

PCI-E bus is an interconnect bus that allows you to add expansion boards to a computer.

PCI Express bus was developed in July 2002

It is the development of PCI -> it’s compatible with PCI architecture

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Advantages of PCI Express High bandwidth, can reach up to 5-80 gigabits

per second.

The serial technology offers a scalable performance.

Point-to-point link for each device.

Small connectors facilitate the implementation for system designers.

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Typical buses – PCI Express BusPCI Express slots

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PCI Express slots (x4,x16,x1,x16) and PCI slot

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Typical buses – USB BusSome focused information:

USB = Universal Serial Bus

It based on serial type architecture

It is an input-output interface

It quicker than standard serial ports

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Typical buses – USB BusUSB standards:

The USB 1.0 standard developed from 1995 The USB 1.1 standards provide several

clarification but doesn’t change speed.

The USB 2.0 standard obtains speeds reach 480Mbit/s

The USB 3.0 standard released in 2007, the speed is 4.8 GB/s.

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Typical buses – USB BusType of connectors: 2

Type A: the shape is rectangular and used for less bandwidth intensive devices (keyboard, mouse, webcam, etc.)

Type B: the shape is square and used for high speed devices (external hard disks, etc.)

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Typical buses – USB BusUSB hub example

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ConclusionBus is very importance in computer

architectureIt’s used largely and in most of everything

which is related to physical computersUse Bus to connect components in a

processor.There are 2 main parts in the bus system:

system bus and I/O bus.

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ConclusionWe introduced some basic information

about bus consists of concept, purposes of using, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

In the range of our research, we only mention some kinds of buses. They are address bus, data bus and control bus.

Some typical buses: ISA bus, PCI bus and USB bus.

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BUS SYSTEM