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Business and Computing Deanery
3D Modelling Week 1
Principles of parametric modelling
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Today The learning outcomes The structure of the module The assessments The principles of parametric modelling
3D space Coordinates Axes 3D primitives
VRML X3D
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Why this module? Temporal Modelling Research Group
What do you think we research?
Tutors for this module Robina Hetherington Brian Farrimond
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My dissertation – an example I wanted to do something with the web
Maybe XML I am an architect Model a building over the web?
Is this research? Model a building over time over the web?
New standard X3D, which is an application of XML
Dissertation did two things1. Examined the relationship of X3D with XML2. Explored the data structures involved in
displaying buildings at different times Is this research?
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This module Is about learning how to model in
3D Using software to generate a model Manipulate in a programming
environment
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Learning outcomes1. To research, develop and advance their
knowledge and understanding of the application of 3D modelling in digital media systems
2. To demonstrate self-direction and originality in tackling and solving problems in the creation of 3D models, and act autonomously in planning and implementing a series of models of increasing complexity
3. To demonstrate systematic and appropriate use of a 3D library within a programming language
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Materials covered Software for development and distribution of 3D
3D modelling tools 3D graphics programming APIs
Geometric principles of parametric modelling Methods of rendering Material properties Lighting and shadows Cameras Animation Integration and distribution of models within
digital media Hardware for 3D rendering
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Reading Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics
& Animation, 2nd Edition, New Riders, ISBN: 0-7357-1243-3 Directed reading
Tutorial booklet OpenGL booklet
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Structure Lectures and demonstrations Self study tutorials
You are expected to spend 150 hours on this module
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FML 409 software 3ds studio max version 7 Microsoft Office Notepad Visual C++ GLUT Internet Explorer
Flux Cosmo Cortona
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Assessment Presentation 20% Portfolio 80%
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Presentation You are to prepare a presentation which
explores different methods to display in a webpage and manipulate in real-time 3D models Note that this is NOT about the generation of
a model using software such as 3ds Max, but the display of models over the WWW.
You are expected to research at least two different methods and make a recommendation for use in your own portfolio work
You should illustrate these methods by demonstrating an example of each
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Your presentation 10 minutes Give your tutor
a printout, 3 slides per page an electronic copy on disc
It should include screen shots of the applications
Be fully referenced Harvard Need to identify
Information from others Conclusions from others
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Discussion What is meant by real-time? Give examples of methods of
displaying models Give examples of applications What criteria would you consider in
a critical comparison? How would you measure success?
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Presentation assessment Higher marks will be given for the
demonstration of a critical awareness of the role of software, the technologies used, and the end use of the application.
You should draw your own conclusion as the success, technical complexity and visual impact of the application.
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Portfolio Create a series of non-trivial and novel 3D
applications Build upon concepts taught in the tutorials Submission of paper screenshots Submission of electronic version On the disc you are expected to provide:
Webpages with critical reflection and links to your models
Your models Copy of your presentation
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What is 3D? 3D graphics -2D representation of
3D objects – flattened Objects exist in the memory of the
computer No physical form Numbers and mathematical
formulas
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3D software Enables you to create a scene, fill it
full of objects Apply materials to the objects Lighting Virtual cameras Animation View
Make a video Export as a 3D model
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How are 3D models used? Think of examples of 3D models
used in computer systems How are they used? Are you impressed?
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Film and TV Until recently the industry used matte
paintings, hand-built models or full sized props
1982 - TRON used 3D animation 1993 - Jurassic Park used 3D animation 1995 – Toystory completely CG
Computer Graphics Commercials News graphics Historical reconstructions
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The Web Applications
Demos of products 3d immersive
worlds Virtual history Training Medical
applications Design and
engineering Games
Methods Movie VRML QuickTime VR Java 3D Director/
Shockwave Others
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Gaming Animation in motion video
Quality and richness Real-time 3D graphics
Pay off between detail and speed and responsiveness
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Operating systems Sun
Looking glass
Windows Longhorn 3D UI
Sun - Looking Glass (2005
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Activity Look at:
www.virginmobile.com/mobile/www.bbc.co.uk/history/multimedia_zone/virtual_tours/www.sun.com/software/looking_glass/details.htmlwww.qtvr.co.uk/
Suggestions? Games Movies
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Two types of virtual reality Active
3D worlds
Advantages Immersive
environment Free movement
Disadvantages Rendering Specialist software? Hardware?
Passive Movies
Advantages Level of detail
Disadvantages Restricted view
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Your first portfolio Create a VRML model using Notepad of
a simple room constructed from primitive shapes, consisting of three walls and a floor. Insert a table constructed of two or more cylinders and a light
Due in Week 2 A screen shot of your model rendered in a
browser. Final submission
Embedded into a website, plus discussion
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It should look something like…
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Today Parametric modelling
3D space Coordinates Axes 3D primitives
VRML X3D
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VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language VRML is a scene description language Simple ascii text files which can be parsed
by a VRML interpreter VRML browsers
Cosmo Cortona Flux
Can be exported from most 3D modelling software
.wrl extension
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VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language
Designed to be the three-dimensional modelling equivalent of HTML
World Wide Web conference in Geneva in 1994
VRML 1.0 specification was released in May 1995
VRML 2.0, quickly replaced by VRML97
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Tony Parisi 1999 Where did VRML go wrong?
Buggy browsers Big plug-in downloads Interoperability of content
“…..that no amount of technology, no matter how good, is relevant without compelling applications that solve real problems. The logic of it seems simple enough—if technology isn’t useful, who’s going to use it? “
Tony Parisi (1999)
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X3D Developed collaboratively by the
Web3D Consortium Evolutionary Successor to VRML97 Adds:
New features Additional data encoding formats Stricter conformance Componentized architecture
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X3D Evolution of VRML 97 Application of XML VRML was badly implemented by
browsers Inconsistent views
Componentized But not widely used Currently cannot export from major 3D
modelling software .x3d extension
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A cylinderVRML#VRML V2.0 utf8# A cylinderShape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 1 0 0 } } geometry Cylinder { height 2 radius 5 }}
X3D<?xml version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8"?><X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material
diffuseColor="1 0 0"/> </Appearance> <Cylinder height="2"
radius="5"/> </Shape> </Scene></X3D>
Comment
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Activity Open cylinder.wrl
Change the colour Change the sizes View in a browser
Open cylinder.x3d Change the colour Change the sizes View in a browser
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A boxVRML #VRML V2.0 utf8#A boxShape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Box { size 2.0 2.0 2.0 }}
X3D<?xml version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8"?><X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material
diffuseColor="0 1 0"/> </Appearance> <Box size="2 2
2"/> </Shape> </Scene></X3D>
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A sphereVRML #VRML V2.0 utf8
Shape {
appearance Appearance {
material Material {
diffuseColor 1 1 1}
}
geometry Sphere { radius 0.15 }
}
X3D<?xml version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8"?><X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material
diffuseColor=“1 1 1"/> </Appearance> <Sphere
radius=“0.15"/> </Shape> </Scene></X3D>
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Activity Open box.wrl
Change the colour Change the sizes View in a browser
Open box.x3d Change the colour Change the sizes View in a browser
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3D space Every point in 3D
space is defined by 3 coordinates
A cube shaped “cyberspace”
At the centre is the origin 0,0,0
Origin point(0,0,0)
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Coordinate and axes Coordinates
Each point is defined by 3 numbers, coordinates
X, Y, Z Width, height and depth
Axes Imaginary line in
cyberspace Width axis X runs
horizontally Height axis Y is vertical Depth axis Z travels
front to backY-
Y+
X- X+
Z-
Z+
Origin point0, 0, 0
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World coordinate system By default, all
shapes are built at the origin of the world coordinate system
If I have a box geometry Box { size 2.0 2.0 2.0 }
What are the coordinates of the 8 points? Y-
Y+
X- X+
Z-
Z+
Origin point0, 0, 0
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Transform A transform creates a coordinate
system that can be Positioned Rotated Scaled
Relative to a parent coordinate system
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Transform syntax Translation positions a coordinate system in X,
Y, and Z VRML
Transform { translation 0 0 1 children [ : ]}
X3D <Transform translation="0 0 1">:</Transform>
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Viewpoints A position in
cyberspace that represents the user’s location
Viewing plane Imaginary flat
panel that defines the limits of the user’s sight Everything else is
‘clipped off’Y-
Y+
X- X+
Z-
Z+
Origin point0, 0, 0
Viewpoint
Viewing plane
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ViewpointsVRML Viewpoint { description "First"
position 0 2 10}Viewpoint { description "Second"
position 0 2 20}
X3D <Viewpoint description="First" position="0 2 10"/>
<Viewpoint description="Second" position="0 2 20"/>
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Background VRML
Background { groundAngle [ 1.396,1.571 ] groundColor [ 1 1 1, 0 0.8 0.5, 0 0.5 0.3 ] skyAngle [ 0.785, 1.571 ] skyColor [ 0 0 0.5, 0 0 1, 1 1 1 ]}
X3D <Background
groundAngle="1.396,1.571“groundColor="1 1 1, 0 0.8 0.5, 0 0.5 0.3"
skyAngle="0.785, 1.571" skyColor="0 0 0.5, 0 0 1, 1 1 1"/>
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Activity Open portfolio1.wrl
Change the colour Change the sizes View in a browser
Add another cylinder (s), transform it to make a simple table
Add 3 boxes to form a floor and 2 walls
Change the colours
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Add some light#lampTransform { translation 0 1 0 children [
PointLight { location 0.0 0.0 0.0 radius 10.0 intensity 1.0 ambientIntensity 0.2 color 1 0.95 0.8 } Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material {diffuseColor 1 1 1} } geometry Sphere { radius 0.15 } }
]}
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Embedding in a web page Uses ActiveX
<object
classid="clsid:06646724-bcf3-11d0-9518-00c04fc2dd79"
width="50%" height="50%">
<param name="src“ value="tower.wrl">
</object>
Warning - with XP service pack you may get a warning about blocked content
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Plug-ins Cortona only VRML
<OBJECT CLASSID="clsid:86A88967-7A20-11D2-8EDA-00600818EDB1">
Cosmo Player only VRML
<OBJECT CLASSID=" clsid:06646724-bcf3-11d0-
9518-00c04fc2dd79"> FLUX VRML and X3D
<OBJECT CLASSID="clsid:918B202D-8E8F-4649-A70B-E9B178FEDC58">
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Activity Insert portfolio.wrl into
portfolio1.htm and view in a browser Change the plugin
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More information VRMLwww.sdsc.edu/~nadeau/Courses/WebNet98/
X3Dwww.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/
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Review VRML X3D Parametric modelling
3D space Coordinates and axes 3D primitives Viewing in a webpage
Questions?
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Self assessment What is meant by real-time rendering? What is the difference between VRML
and X3D? What are your options to display a
real-time model in a webpage? Describe the process of primitive
modelling Describe the process of
transformation of a 3D shape
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For week 2 Portfolio
Create a VRML model using Notepad of a simple room constructed from primitive shapes, consisting of three walls and a floor. Insert a table constructed of two or more cylinders.
A screenshot to be handed to your tutor
Directed reading Chapters 1-5 of 3D Graphics & Animation
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References Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition,
New Riders, ISBN: 0-7357-1243-3 Kerlow I. V., (2003) The Art of 3-D Computer Animation and
Effects , 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc; ISBN: 0471430366
Sun - Looking Glass http://www.sun.com/software/looking_glass/details.html Accessed 22/01/05
Nadeau D., A Beginner's Guide to VRML http://wp.netscape.com/eng/live3d/howto/vrml_primer_index.html Accessed 22/01/05
Introduction to VRML 97 http://www.sdsc.edu/~nadeau/Courses/WebNet98/ Accessed 22/01/05
Brutzman D. X3D examples http://www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/ Accessed 22/01/05