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用于城市交通的开源数据和开源工具的介绍
Introduction to World Bank’s Open Data and Open Source Tools for Urban Mobility
Georges Bianco Darido世界银行首席交通专家
I. 开源交通 Open Traffic
II. 开源公交指数 Open Transit
Indicators
III. 用于道路事故显示，评估，和报告的数据 DRIVER
个基于网页的开源应用
+
个区域性的数据合作
=
多国家多城市的拥堵监控和管理
3
WEB-BASED, OPEN-SOURCE
APPLICATION
+
NON-PROFIT DATA SHARING
PARTNERSHIP
=
CONGESTION
MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT
ACROSS MANY CITIES AND
COUNTRIES
I. 开源交通 Open Traffic Initiative
开源交通Open Traffic application
Free, open-source, GIS-based tool developed by WB
to empower cities with few resources to use available
traffic data for better planning and management.
5
开源交通合作Open Transport Partnership
@ Transforming Transportation, 2017促进公私合作获得
更加有效率，有效果，公平的城市交通Facilitating public-private collaboration for more
efficient, effective, and equitable urban mobility
2016年2月23日24小时内通过GRAB Taxi 司机获取的在马尼拉的GPS位
置
6
Density of GPS
location points in
Manila captured from
Grab drivers in a 24-
hour period on
February 23, 2016
GRAB在宿务市的GPS数据覆盖(二月 – 六月, 2015)
7
The Grab’s GPS data coverage in Cebu City
(February - June, 2015)
开源交通：显示速度 DISPLAYING SPEEDS
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开源交通：比较速度 COMPARING SPEEDS
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开源交通：点对点旅行时间和路径 POINT TO POINT TRAVEL TIME AND ROUTE
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一种新的方法
共享出行公司的GPS数据
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高精度的卫星图像
=
拥堵造成的
温室气体排放估计
Developing new applications to estimate GHG emissions
from congestion levels 0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
CA
RB
ON
EM
ISS
ION
(T
ON
)
TIME (H)
24 -H CARBON EMISSION COMPARISON
Free-flow Congested
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马尼拉的案例研究 CASE STUDY MANILA EDSA CORRIDOR
12QGIS平台上显示的菲律宾马尼拉的EDSA路
道路网络地图 ROAD NETWORK MAP
• 开源交通中的导出功能可以导出选中路径的形状文件和相关速度
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路段长度
速度通过开源交通导出 ESTIMATE SPEEDS FOR EACH SEGMENT
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交通计数 ADD TRAFFIC COUNT DATA
• 手动记录车辆数并通过地理信息系统的帮助将其匹配到相关路段上
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路段的车辆数
• 通过地理信息系统的帮助加速• 可以变成自动过程
计算自由流和拥堵下的排放量 ESTIMATE FREE-FLOW AND CONGESTED EMISSIONS
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0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
温室气体排放
(吨)
时间 (小时)
24小时温室气体排放比较
Free-flow Congested
如何开始 HOW TO START
17
找到数据合作方 (出租车公司或者共享出行公司)
Contact: Lu Yang ([email protected])1. 基本信息
• Open Traffic Source Code: https://github.com/opentraffic
• Open Traffic Completion Report http://bit.ly/2lUKpUW
• Open Transport Partnership (Draft) with Open Traffic http://bit.ly/2lUMEaU
2. 应用• Open Traffic support for Signal Optimization (TRB Paper): http://bit.ly/2mA42ir
• Open Traffic support the GHG emission estimation http://bit.ly/2lo9hSc
3. 其他参考• Mobility Century field experiment using “Virtual Trip Line” http://bit.ly/2lUJCTY
• Using Probe data evaluate performance of signal system http://bit.ly/2msO22i
• Using Probe data compute intersection delay http://bit.ly/2mt1Qdf
• Open Transport Partnership Press Release: http://bit.ly/2jsz3XN
II. 开源公交指数--一个基于GTFS生成公交相关
指数的开源平台
Open Transit Indicators--An Open-source Platform that generates Transit Related Indicators based
on GTFS
通用公共交通输入规程 (GENERAL TRANSIT FEED SPECIFICATION)
19https://developers.google.com/transit/gtfs/reference/
GTFS is an data
standard for public
transport service
including route and
stop locations,
frequencies, operating
schedules and fares.
It is being used in many
countries and in real-
time to provide
information to users and
system managers.
开源公交指数Open-source and web-based platform that combines
GTFS transit route information, real-time vehicle GPS
data, and GIS demographic data.
基本公交系统指标 BASIC TRANSIT SYSTEM INDICATORS
21
•平均间距、频率•服务时长•准点率
服务频率•站点数目•站点间平均距离
站点•模式种类
•整体公交线路长度
路径
高级公交系统指标 ADVANCED TRANSIT SERVICE INDICATORS
22
• 站点在一定半径下的覆盖率
站点覆盖率
• 居住在站点一定半径内的人口比例
人口覆盖率
• 依人口为权重的某区域在一定时间内可达的工作数量
工作可达性
费用比较 （有或者没有开源公交指数）COST AND EFFORT
COMPARISON
23
要求传统方法的费用
(美金)开源数据和开源软件
定制的公交数据 500,000 GTFS数据
地理信息系统中的路段信息
变动 开放街道网络
地理信息系统许可证 1,500 QGIS
数据库 4,000 开源公交指数 (OTI)
交通规划软件 13,000 OTI
统计分析软件 10,000 OTI
专家 大量 OTI
(设计能够被非技术人员使用)
郑州案例研究 CASE STUDY IN ZHENGZHOU
24
1
2
3
公交 & 地铁1,2,3号线(by 2018)
1
2
34
5
6
公交 & 地铁1,2,3,4,5,6号线
(by 2020)
公交 & 地铁一号线(现状)
方案比较 SCENARIO COMPARISON
25
方案 网络特性 标记
基础 公交 & 地铁一号线 现有网络
只有公交 公交 减去1号线
短期 公交 & 地铁1,2,3号线2号线2016运营3号线2018运营
中期公交 & 地铁1,2,3,4,5,6号线
4号线2020运营5号线2019运营6号线开通时间未知
可骑车前往车站公交 & 地铁一号线, 更大的站点覆盖范围
将站点覆盖率从800米增加至1200米
待回答的问题 QUESTIONS THAT CAN BE ANALYZED
26
• 地铁1号线开通后，公交服务有何改善？
• 当第2和第3号线开放时，会有什么改善？
• 第4，第5和第6号线的开通会对可达性有显著增加吗？有多少？
• 对于目前的网络，当在关键的中转站提供自行车设施时，可达性可以提高多少？
• How has transit service improved since Metro Line 1 opened?
• What improvements can be achieved when Line 2 and 3 open?
• Would accessibility increase significantly with Line 4, 5, and 6? By how much?
• For the current network, by how much does accessibility improve when
providing bike facilities at key transit stations?
方案(Difference from Base Scenario)
公交 & 地铁一号线(Base Scenario)
公交公交 & 地铁1,2,3号
线公交 & 地铁
1,2,3,4,5,6号线
公交系统线路长度(公里) 3090.713065.80(-24.91)
3132.05(+41.34)
3234.60(+143.90)
站点数量 42024182
(-20.00)4235
(+33.00)4293
(+91.00)
站点覆盖率(800m半径) 54.71%54.53%(-0.18%)
54.72%(+0.01%)
56.10%(+1.39%)
站点覆盖率(1200m半径) 64.80%64.67%(-0.13%)
64.80%(-)
66.12%(+1.32%)
人口覆盖率(800m半径) 86.15%85.97%(-0.18%)
86.15%(-)
87.64%(+1.49%)
人口覆盖率(1200m半径) 90.90%90.76%(-0.14%)
90.90%(-)
92.92%(+2.02)
低收入人口覆盖率(800m半径) 85.92%85.92%
(-)85.92%
(-)86.49%
(+0.57%)
低收入人口覆盖率(1200m半径) 90.52%90.52%
(-)90.52%
(-)90.66%
(+0.14%)
工作可达性(2020 预测, 早高峰90分钟内)
40.96%37.86%(-3.10%)
42.98%(+2.02%)
47.57%(+6.61%)
按人口加权的服务频率(分钟) 7.557.60
(+0.05)7.47
(-0.08)7.31
(-0.24)
按低收入人口加权的服务频率(分钟)
6.876.91
(+0.04)6.83
(-0.04)6.70
(-0.17) 27
如何开始 HOW TO START
28
OTI Open Source Code: https://github.com/WorldBank-Transport/open-transit-
indicators
OTI Completion Report: http://bit.ly/1Dn7fHW
Zhengzhou Case Study (Team TRB Paper): http://bit.ly/2lKBbu9
GTFS Discussion (Team TRB Paper, published): http://bit.ly/2lKsrnO
理解GTFS标准并准备相关数据
DRIVER
III. 用于道路事故显示，评估，和报告的数据
Data for Road Incident Visualization Evaluation and Reporting
道路事故是15-29岁中排名第一的致死原因
Source: Global Status Report on Road Safety, WHO, 2015
数据
• 有疑问的数据
• 未报告的
• 手动输入在日志本
• 多方资源未整合
• 无法完成后续分析
Typical problems: missing data, data that is not searchable, no
sharing between institutions, lack of capacity to do black spot
analyses.
宿务交通管理局记录事故: 之前 CEBU RECORDS BEFORE DRIVER
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宿务交通管理局交通执法记录日志: 之后CEBU RECORDS AFTER DRIVER
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宿务交通管理局交通执法记录日志: 之后CEBU RECORDS AFTER DRIVER
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DRIVER: 系统概览 SYSTEM OVERVIEW
35roadsafety.gov.ph
DRIVER: 系统特征 SYSTEM FEATURES
36
DRIVER can support the following
functions:
1. Identification of black spots
2. Economic cost of black
spots/individual accidents
3. Visualization of accidents over
imported shape files
4. Optimization of emergency
services and enforcer resources
assignment
5. Monitoring effect of interventions
6. Dashboard feature
7. Mobile application to support
data entry
DRIVER: 数据输入 DATA ENTRY BY MOBILE IN FIELD
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DRIVER: 应用 FINDING THE ‘BLACK SPOTS’
38
DRIVER: 应用 PRIORITIZE INTERVENTIONS
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如何开始 HOW TO START
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• Open-Source DRIVER Code: https://github.com/WorldBank-Transport/DRIVER• Project Materials (User Manual, Literature Review, etc.): http://bit.ly/2lKkXBb
• DRIVER Officially Used in the Philippines: https://roadsafety.gov.ph
与交通警察合作 Collaborate with Traffic Police
&
将事故录入有地理信息标记的数据库Geo-code Incidents into database
致谢 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF TEAMS
41
Open Traffic
• Holly Krambeck, WB, TTL
• Victor Dato, WB
• Natasha Beschorner, WB
• Dr. Li Qu, WB
• Dr. Yang (Carl) Lu, WB
• Yuhui Jiao, WB
• Kevin Webb
• Dr. Bruno Sanchez-Andrade Nuno
• Liang Tang, UMD
Open Transit Indicators
• Holly Krambeck, WB, TTL
• Dr. Li Qu, WB
• Gerald Ollivier, WB
• Dou Dou, MIT
DRIVER
• Holly Krambeck, WB, TTL
• Dr. Yang Chen, WB
• Fatima Arroyo Arroyo, WB
• Geoffrey Kurgan, WB
• Miguel Enrico III Cabag Paala, WB
联系人员名单
42
• Georges Bianco Darido, [email protected]
• Holly Krambeck, [email protected]
• Weimin Zhou, [email protected]
• Yuhui Jiao, [email protected]
• Yang (Carl) Lu, [email protected]
