business process modelling.pdf

Handbook of Research on Business Process Modeling

Jorge CardosoSAP Research, Germany

Wil van der AalstTechnische Universiteit Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Hershey New York

INFORMATION SCIENCE REFERENCE

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List of Contributors

B C D E F G H I J K D L M N O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e f g

B h i j h L F G k L C l m N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ n X S o ] U p n U q r s t u n U Z b Q q ` U T Q r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ` S

q \ S [ Q v S n U o ] Z U [ ] Z \ c w ] Z [ P b U T e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x x y

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K D i i D J K D l { D G | D E D M N r } ~ _ e e U [ S ] R Q S Q U Z ` a n U o c W q d e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x

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j F F M L l G K l I F i m K N ~ Q Z ` Q V q \ S [ Q v S c r R ` e c W q d e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x y

D I L M M m G I h I D N w ] T X [ Q ` R X ` ] V X ~ X T U R ] X U Z [ X v Q R [ ] V X t T Q [ [ Z ] R X ` U Q r R ^ ] Z v U X ] R Q c r [ U T \ e e e e e e g g f

D F i L M M D h m F G H N Q T Q [ [ u w U ` U Z V n U o ] Z U [ ] Z X Q S c W q d e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

m E I G D l M m N W R X Y Q Z S X [ V Q b T X q [ P V X V X Q Z ] R U c r [ U T \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

D C D E G k L i L l N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ W T v c s Q Z v U R \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x

C L H L C L I l m F G B | B M L F N t X R V a ] Y Q R W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c _ a Q Q [ a Q Z T U R V S e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

L M D C m G B h C l L D N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ [ a Q Q P o T X ` U c W Z P b P U \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x g

j E D F G H D l M m h N O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U c p W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ U Z [ P c

t S [ ] R X U e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

j F i C D l G J K D K l D E N X S [ Z X o P [ Q V q \ S [ Q v S s Z ] P c r R S [ X [ P [ Q ] ^ r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ] R q \ S [ Q v S c

X Q R R U W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z X U e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

M M I F G M D l L h J L B N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ ] T ] Z U V ] U [ } ] P T V Q Z c W q d e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

L l l L I l D G

I m m N r q _ _ Q ` a R X ` U T W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ n X S o ] R c w ] Z [ P b U T e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e y

D l J D G

M I N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ U S [ X T T U u n U ~ U R ` a U c q U X R e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x g

m L l h D i m l I G j I C m N r _ d c O P Q Q R S T U R V Q S Q U Z ` a n U o ] Z U [ ] Z \ c d P S [ Z U T X U e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

l L L h G k D j M N t X R V a ] Y Q R W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c _ a Q Q [ a Q Z T U R V S e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x

m M E L F G D I C N X S [ Z X o P [ Q V q \ S [ Q v S s Z ] P c r R S [ X [ P [ Q ] ^ r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ] R q \ S [ Q v S c


j M M G I J K D l C N r } ~ _ e e U [ S ] R Q S Q U Z ` a n U o c W q d e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x

D M m h F I G i L D h N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ } U \ Z Q P [ a c s Q Z v U R \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e f

I E L h L G j I M M L l E m N Q R [ Z ] V Q q X S [ Q v U S r R [ Q T X b Q R [ Q S _ Q ` R ] T b X ` ] V Q ~ ] R [ Q Z Z Q \ c ~ Q X ` ] e e e e e e e e e e e e e x

| D l D F i m { D h m D G

I E D N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g f f

| I E G | D h K m m h N \ ] R b b X W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ c q ] P [ a ] Z Q U e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

| I h C M L l G

D l i N Q R v U Z S _ Q ` a R X ` U T W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ c _ W r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ` S c Q R v U Z e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g g

| M m E D h h G H D i i K I D F N r } ~ Q P [ S ` a T U R V Q S Q U Z ` a U R V Q Y Q T ] v Q R [ s v o c s Q Z v U R \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

| h I G

I L i L l N r } ~ Q P [ S ` a T U R V Q S Q U Z ` a U R V Q Y Q T ] v Q R [ s v o c s Q Z v U R \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

D m F D G H D l J L M M m N O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

L { E D h h G

l D h N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g f f

H D G K I M L I N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g f f

H D l D l I D G I I D h D N W R X Y Q Z S X [ [ w ] [ S V U v c s Q Z v U R \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

H L h C M I h G

N O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

H m F L l G I E m h N r } ~ Q P [ S ` a T U R V Q S Q U Z ` a U R V Q Y Q T ] v Q R [ s v o c s Q Z v U R \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

H m j l m G

L l h h I N w ] T \ [ Q ` a R X ` r R S [ X [ P [ Q ] ^ q Q [ o U T c w ] Z [ P b U T e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x x y

I i F J K L G

l N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g f f

j { D h G K j h N O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e f g

k D j i D F F m G L F D l L N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ n P b U R ] c q X [ Q Z T U R V e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x y

k L l h I J I G

z

D l D l D N w ] T X [ Q ` R X ` ] V X ~ X T U R ] X U Z [ X v Q R [ ] V X t T Q [ [ Z ] R X ` U Q r R ^ ] Z v U X ] R Q c r [ U T \ e e e e e e e g g f

k I D i i I h I G H D l I m N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ U S [ X T T U u n U ~ U R ` a U c q U X R e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x g

k M m L F F L l G | D l F i L h N q d w Q S Q U Z ` a t c d P S [ Z U T X U e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

k m I G I j F L L N w ] T X [ Q ` R X ` ] X ~ X T U R ] c r [ U T \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

L I J K L l i G H D h l L C N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ W T v c s Q Z v U R \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x

j I G

l D h J I F J m N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ U S [ X T T U u n U ~ U R ` a U c q U X R e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x g

j F F L M M G

I J N _ Q ` a R X S ` a Q W R X Y Q Z S X [ Q X [ t X R V a ] Y Q R c _ a Q Q [ a Q Z T U R V S e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

D C I G K D I D N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ O P Q Q R S T U R V c d P S [ Z U T X U e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

D h J K L G

D j l D N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ U S [ X T T U u n U ~ U R ` a U c q U X R e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x g

i L L h G

z

L l h K D l C N _ W ] Z [ v P R V c s Q Z v U R \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

j G

I D h L h N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ U T X ^ ] Z R X U U [ q U R [ U } U Z o U U Z U c W q d e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x

i L l

m F i L C L G B l i K j l

H N O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e f g g

l D h G

j { N X S [ Z X o P [ Q V q \ S [ Q v S s Z ] P c r R S [ X [ P [ Q ] ^ r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ] R q \ S [ Q v S c


D h

L F F L h G D E E m N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g f f

L l E D G | j h D M N d ` ` Q R [ P Z Q _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ n U o S c W q d e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

L L l G

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N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ r R R S o Z P ` c d P S [ Z X U e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

L I i L l F G B

H H N t X R V a ] Y Q R W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c _ a Q Q [ a Q Z T U R V S e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

L i F i L I h G

z

l D h I E I l N W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g f f

C j h G L N X S [ Z X o P [ Q V q \ S [ Q v S s Z ] P c r R S [ X [ P [ Q ] ^ r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ] R q \ S [ Q v S c


k l L D J L

L J i I m h

B C D h J L C H m C L M I h H L i K m C m M m I L F

K D i L l

e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

_ X X U R U ~ U Z b U Z X U c W R X Y Q Z S X [ [ w ] [ S V U v c s Q Z v U R \

} Q Z R a U Z V q [ Q ^ ^ Q R c _ W ] Z [ v P R V c s Q Z v U R \

K D i L l

e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

P \ _ Z U R c X S [ Z X o P [ Q V q \ S [ Q v S s Z ] P c r R S [ X [ P [ Q ] ^ r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ] R q \ S [ Q v S c X Q R R U W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^

_ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z X U

_ U X V ] T v Q S c X S [ Z X o P [ Q V q \ S [ Q v S s Z ] P c r R S [ X [ P [ Q ] ^ r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ] R q \ S [ Q v S c X Q R R U W R X Y Q Z S X [ \

] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z X U

W Q V P R c X S [ Z X o P [ Q V q \ S [ Q v S s Z ] P c r R S [ X [ P [ Q ] ^ r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ] R q \ S [ Q v S c X Q R R U W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^

_ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z X U

q ` a U a Z U v P S [ V U Z c X S [ Z X o P [ Q V q \ S [ Q v S s Z ] P c r R S [ X [ P [ Q ] ^ r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ] R q \ S [ Q v S c X Q R R U

W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z X U

K D i L l

e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e f

q [ Q ^ U R U o T ] R S X c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ } U \ Z Q P [ a c s Q Z v U R \

L J i I m h

H m C L l h

z

j F I h L F F k l m J L F F

D h j D L F

K D i L l

e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

~ U [ [ a X U S T ] v U R R c r } ~ Q P [ S ` a T U R V Q S Q U Z ` a U R V Q Y Q T ] v Q R [ s v o c s Q Z v U R \

X Q [ Q Z R X b c r } ~ Q P [ S ` a T U R V Q S Q U Z ` a U R V Q Y Q T ] v Q R [ s v o c s Q Z v U R \

q X v ] R ~ ] S Q Z c r } ~ Q P [ S ` a T U R V Q S Q U Z ` a U R V Q Y Q T ] v Q R [ s v o c s Q Z v U R \

Table of Contents

K D i L l

Yet Another Workflow Language: Concepts, Tool Support, and Applicatione e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e f g

a P R P \ U R b c O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U

~ X ` a U Q T d V U v S c O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U

d Z [ a P Z e ~ e [ Q Z ] ^ S [ Q V Q c O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U

K D i L l

e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g g

t U Z [ X R V T Q Z c Q R v U Z S _ Q ` a R X ` U T W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ c _ W r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ` S c Q R v U Z

K D i L l

ICN-Based Workflow Model and its Advancese e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

U R b a ] ] R X v c \ ] R b b X W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ c q ] P [ a ] Z Q U

T U Z Q R ` Q d e t T T X S c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ ] T ] Z U V ] U [ } ] P T V Q Z c W q d

L J i I m h

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~ U Z ` Q T T ] n U ] S U c O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U

~ U Z T ] R P v U S c O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U c p W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ U Z [ P c

t S [ ] R X U


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X R X U U X Q T T ] c w ] T X [ Q ` R X ` ] V X ~ X T U R ] X U Z [ X v Q R [ ] V X t T Q [ [ Z ] R X ` U Q r R ^ ] Z v U X ] R Q c r [ U T \

} U Z o U Z U w Q Z R X ` X c w ] T X [ Q ` R X ` ] V X ~ X T U R ] X U Z [ X v Q R [ ] V X t T Q [ [ Z ] R X ` U Q r R ^ ] Z v U X ] R Q c r [ U T \

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P R U T Q Z v U c d ` ` Q R [ P Z Q _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ n U o S c W q d

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Temporalities for Workflow Management Systemse e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

U Z T ] ] v o X c W R X Y Q Z S X [ V Q b T X q [ P V X V X Q Z ] R U c r [ U T \

s X P S Q Q w ] X c w ] T X [ Q ` R X ` ] X ~ X T U R ] c r [ U T \

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U Z S [ Q R w T ] Q S S Q Z c q d w Q S Q U Z ` a t c d P S [ Z U T X U

X ` P S S Q T T c _ Q ` a R X S ` a Q W R X Y Q Z S X [ Q X [ t X R V a ] Y Q R c _ a Q Q [ a Q Z T U R V S

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X v U U Z U S [ ] \ U R ] Y U c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \

_ U v v ] Y U R n Q S S Q R c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \

Z U R n Q \ v U R R c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \

a X T Q X ~ U c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \

Z b X [ S ` a Q c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \

} Z U R X v X Z Q [ S [ Q X R c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \

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Q S U Z Q w U P [ U S S ] c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ n P b U R ] c q X [ Q Z T U R V

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Q Z R R X ~ ] P Z ] c w ] T \ [ Q ` a R X ` r R S [ X [ P [ Q ] ^ q Q [ o U T c w ] Z [ P b U T

w Q V Z ] d R [ P R Q S c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ n X S o ] U p n U q r s t u n U Z b Q q ` U T Q r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ` S

q \ S [ Q v S n U o ] Z U [ ] Z \ c w ] Z [ P b U T

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s P X T T Q Z v ] X v Q R Q c Q R [ Z ] V Q q X S [ Q v U S r R [ Q T X b Q R [ Q S _ Q ` R ] T b X ` ] V Q ~ ] R [ Q Z Z Q \ c ~ Q X ` ]

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a Z X S [ ] a } P S S T Q Z c ~ Q Z ` Q V q \ S [ Q v S c r R ` e c W q d

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s P X V ] s ] Y Q Z R U [ ] Z X c r _ d c O P Q Q R S T U R V Q S Q U Z ` a n U o ] Z U [ ] Z \ c d P S [ Z U T X U

q a U X U q U V X c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ O P Q Q R S T U R V c d P S [ Z U T X U

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~ e U S [ Q T T U R ] S c Q T Q [ [ u w U ` U Z V n U o ] Z U [ ] Z X Q S c W q d

d e e d T Y Q S V Q ~ Q V Q X Z ] S c t X R V a ] Y Q R W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c _ a Q Q [ a Q Z T U R V S

e ~ Q R V T X R b c O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U

} e Q o Q Z c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ r R R S o Z P ` c d P S [ Z X U

d e e ~ e ~ e Q X [ Q Z S c t X R V a ] Y Q R W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c _ a Q Q [ a Q Z T U R V S

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U v U T } a U [ [ U ` a U Z \ U c r } ~ _ e e U [ S ] R Q S Q U Z ` a n U o c W q d

X ` a U Z V P T T c r } ~ _ e e U [ S ] R Q S Q U Z ` a n U o c W q d

X U R Q R q P c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ U T X^ ] Z R X U U [ q U R [ U } U Z o U U Z U c W q d

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n U P Z U q U R ` a Q c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ U S [ X T T U u n U ~ U R ` a U c q U X R

d R V Z Q U Q T b U V ] c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ [ a Q Q P o T X ` U c W Z P b P U \

Z U R ` X S ` ] P X c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ U S [ X T T U u n U ~ U R ` a U c q U X R

T X s U Z ` U c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ U S [ X T T U u n U ~ U R ` a U c q U X R

~ U Z X ] w X U [ [ X R X c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ U S [ X T T U u n U ~ U R ` a U c q U X R

m E I M D i I m h m L L l L h J L F

B m j i i K L m h i l I j i m l F y y

h C L f y

Detailed Table of Contents

k l L D J L

L J i I m h

B C D h J L C H m C L M I h H L i K m C m M m I L F

K D i L l

_ X X U R U ~ U Z b U Z X U c W R X Y Q Z S X [ [ w ] [ S V U v c s Q Z v U R \

} Q Z R a U Z V q [ Q ^ ^ Q R c _ W ] Z [ v P R V c s Q Z v U R \

starting with the first requirement analysis, and ending with the demand-driven process evolution over

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e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

P \ _ Z U R c X S [ Z X o P [ Q V q \ S [ Q v S s Z ] P c r R S [ X [ P [ Q ] ^ r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ] R q \ S [ Q v S c X Q R R U W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^

_ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z X U

_ U X V ] T v Q S c X S [ Z X o P [ Q V q \ S [ Q v S s Z ] P c r R S [ X [ P [ Q ] ^ r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ] R q \ S [ Q v S c X Q R R U W R X Y Q Z S X [ \

] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z X U

W Q V P R c X S [ Z X o P [ Q V q \ S [ Q v S s Z ] P c r R S [ X [ P [ Q ] ^ r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ] R q \ S [ Q v S c X Q R R U W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^

_ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z X U

q ` a U a Z U v P S [ V U Z c X S [ Z X o P [ Q V q \ S [ Q v S s Z ] P c r R S [ X [ P [ Q ] ^ r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ] R q \ S [ Q v S c X Q R R U

W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z X U

flow, service invocations, fault handling, transactions, and so on. The authors view-based approach

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e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e f

q [ Q ^ U R U o T ] R S X c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ } U \ Z Q P [ a c s Q Z v U R \

that domain specific process models are required both to capture the contents of a process-based applica

process modeling supports domain specific process model. One can describe how this approach can be

L J i I m h

H m C L l h

z

j F I h L F F k l m J L F F

D h j D L F

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e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

~ U [ [ a X U S T ] v U R R c r } ~ Q P [ S ` a T U R V Q S Q U Z ` a U R V Q Y Q T ] v Q R [ s v o c s Q Z v U R \

X Q [ Q Z R X b c r } ~ Q P [ S ` a T U R V Q S Q U Z ` a U R V Q Y Q T ] v Q R [ s v o c s Q Z v U R \

q X v ] R ~ ] S Q Z c r } ~ Q P [ S ` a T U R V Q S Q U Z ` a U R V Q Y Q T ] v Q R [ s v o c s Q Z v U R \

processes to jointly achieve a larger scenario. Since BPMN is only a notation, there is no specification

the related BPEL4People specification, since BPMN allows human user tasks, but WS-BPEL focuses only on automated business process. The authors argue that, based on these specifications, the dichotomy between modeling and execution can be addressed efficiently. They will show that a key aspect of the

specification of an executable business process (via WS-BPEL and related standards).

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Yet Another Workflow Language: Concepts, Tool Support, and Applicatione e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e f g

a P R P \ U R b c O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U

~ X ` a U Q T d V U v S c O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U


Due to the absence of commonly accepted conceptual and formal foundations for workflow management,

and execution exists both in academia and in industry. The introduction of workflow patterns provided

business process specification. They provide a comparative insight into various approaches to process specification and serve as guidance for language and tool development. YAWL (Yet Another Workflow Language) is a novel and formally defined workflow language based on workflow patterns and Petri nets, thus leveraging off both practical and theoretical insights in the field of BPM. This chapter provides an

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e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g g

t U Z [ X R V T Q Z c Q R v U Z S _ Q ` a R X ` U T W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ c _ W r R ^ ] Z v U [ X ` S c Q R v U Z

There are many different notations and formalisms for modelling business processes and workflows.

fluenced by other notations, comparisons with other tools, or by standardization efforts, these notations

the different modelling constructs provided by modelling notations, which makes it difficult to compare

they introduce blocks with some additional attributes defining their initiation and termination behaviour.

interchange of models easier. A fully-fledged block notation with a clear and simple interface to existing

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ICN-Based Workflow Model and its Advancese e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

U R b a ] ] R X v c \ ] R b b X W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ c q ] P [ a ] Z Q U

T U Z Q R ` Q d e t T T X S c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ ] T ] Z U V ] U [ } ] P T V Q Z c W q d

This chapter introduces the basic concepts of information control net (ICN) and its workflow models. In principle, a workflow model is the theoretical basis of a workflow modeling methodology as well as a workflow enactment architecture. Particularly, the workflow model is directly related with how its major components are embodied for implementing the underlying workflow enactment system, too. Accord

ingly, the authors describe the graphical and formal representations of ICN-based workflow model and its advanced modelsrole-based model and actor-based modelthat can be automatically transformed from the ICN-based workflow model in order to improve their verifiability, maintainability and usability. Conclusively stating, we strongly believe that the ICN-based workflow model and its advanced models be very useful not only for maximizing the quality of workflows but also for strengthening theoretical backgrounds of the recent research issues, such as workflow verification/validation, workflow reengi

neering, workflow intelligence, workflow mining/rediscovery, and advanced workflow architectures,

L J i I m h

k l m J L F F H m C L M F I h

{ h D E I J

h I l m h E L h i F

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g e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x

~ U R ^ Z Q V Q X ` a Q Z [ c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ W T v c s Q Z v U R \

w Q [ Q Z U V U v c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ W T v c s Q Z v U R \

ad-hoc deviations from the defined business processes on-demand (e.g., by dynamically adding, delet

g

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Modeling Business Process Variability for Design-Time Configuratione e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

~ U Z ` Q T T ] n U ] S U c O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U

~ U Z T ] R P v U S c O P Q Q R S T U R V W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ c d P S [ Z U T X U c p W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ _ U Z [ P c

t S [ ] R X U


and reusable manner. It is intended to be individualized in order to fit the requirements of a specific

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e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g g f

X R X U U X Q T T ] c w ] T X [ Q ` R X ` ] V X ~ X T U R ] X U Z [ X v Q R [ ] V X t T Q [ [ Z ] R X ` U Q r R ^ ] Z v U X ] R Q c r [ U T \

} U Z o U Z U w Q Z R X ` X c w ] T X [ Q ` R X ` ] V X ~ X T U R ] X U Z [ X v Q R [ ] V X t T Q [ [ Z ] R X ` U Q r R ^ ] Z v U X ] R Q c r [ U T \

a given service, or a loss in the service quality. Defining the process as a composition of services, the

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e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

P R U T Q Z v U c d ` ` Q R [ P Z Q _ Q ` a R ] T ] b \ n U o S c W q d

with respect to control theory and how it is applied to other contexts. Specifically, the chapter focuses on

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h l I J K I h k l m J L F F H m C L M F D h C

h D J i E L h i B l J K I i L J i j l L F

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Temporalities for Workflow Management Systemse e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

U Z T ] ] v o X c W R X Y Q Z S X [ V Q b T X q [ P V X V X Q Z ] R U c r [ U T \

s X P S Q Q w ] X c w ] T X [ Q ` R X ` ] X ~ X T U R ] c r [ U T \

managing temporal aspects and we consider temporalities in process models, in exception definition, in the architecture of a Workflow Management System (WfMS), and in the scheduling of tasks and their

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e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g

U Z S [ Q R w T ] Q S S Q Z c q d w Q S Q U Z ` a t c d P S [ Z U T X U

X ` P S S Q T T c _ Q ` a R X S ` a Q W R X Y Q Z S X [ Q X [ t X R V a ] Y Q R c _ a Q Q [ a Q Z T U R V S

automated workflows. It briefly recounts the evolution of business process support systems and concludes

art when defining and implementing business processes in a service-oriented environment. In order to do this, it utilises a common framework for language assessment, the workflow re-source patterns, both

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e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g f f

X v U U Z U S [ ] \ U R ] Y U c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \

_ U v v ] Y U R n Q S S Q R c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \

Z U R n Q \ v U R R c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \

a X T Q X ~ U c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \

Z b X [ S ` a Q c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \

} Z U R X v X Z Q [ S [ Q X R c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ q [ P [ [ b U Z [ c s Q Z v U R \

research the available technology does not support the business professionals tasks in an appropriate

while maintaining reusability and flexibility of processes. In this chapter the authors present an over

view of existing technologies, supporting the BPM lifecycle, and focus on potential benefits Semantic

transition between the inherently separate/detached business professionals level and the IT level without

information they briefly discuss existing process modeling notations like the Business Process Model

the added value Semantic Web technologies yield when leveraged for the benefit of BPM. For this the

descriptions. They show how process model configuration can be automated and thus simplified and how flexibility during process execution is increased. Additionally, they present innovative techniques like

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e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x y

Q S U Z Q w U P [ U S S ] c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ n P b U R ] c q X [ Q Z T U R V

executing them, and how this idea has been driving the design of the JOpera for Eclipse workflow man

representation of both control and data-flow aspects. As an intermediate representation, the graphs are converted into Event-Condition-Action rules, which are further compiled into Java bytecode for efficient

the several possibilities for performing optimization on the generated code and also simplified the design the corresponding workflow engine architecture.

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e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x x y

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by their resilience property and it is identified that supporting unstructured activities becomes critical to

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tencies to define, simulate, analyze, and improve business processes. As a minimal body of knowledge for a BPE we propose two complementary fields: enterprise integration engineering (EIE) and business

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conceptual model of integration with a focus on process management. Several specific process-oriented integration problems are introduced that are process-specific in nature. The goal of this chapter is to introduce B2B and EAI integration, to show how process management fits into the conceptual model of integration and to convey solution strategies to specific process-oriented integration problems. The

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in the field relying on dedicated technology to current designs based on standardized technology from

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s P X V ] s ] Y Q Z R U [ ] Z X c r _ d c O P Q Q R S T U R V Q S Q U Z ` a n U o ] Z U [ ] Z \ c d P S [ Z U T X U

q a U X U q U V X c W R X Y Q Z S X [ \ ] ^ O P Q Q R S T U R V c d P S [ Z U T X U

It is a typical scenario that many organisations have their business processes specified independently

obligations a business has to fulfil against regulations and industry standards). This is because of the

solution to one specific problem that arises from this situation, namely the lack of mechanisms to check whether business processes are compliant with business contracts. The chapter begins by defining the

key point is that compliance is a relationship between two sets of specifications: the specifications for executing a business process and the specifications regulating a business. The central part of the chapter focuses on a logic based formalism for describing both the semantics of normative specifications and

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The need to improve business process efficiency, to react quickly to changes and to meet regulatory

of how to apply BPI in ones own setting. In particular, it shows how process mining techniques such

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technique is used to discover behavioral patterns in event logs. In the first case study, the goal is to un

support database in order to determine whether the recorded behavior complies with a predefined issue handling process. In this case, the application of sequence clustering confirms that all behavioral patterns

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This chapter describes a design methodology for business processes and workflows that focuses first

business-relevant data about them and their macro-level lifecycles. Individual workflow services (a.k.a. tasks) are then incorporated, by specifying how they operate on the artifacts and fit into their lifecycles. The resulting workflow is specified in a particular artifact-centric workflow model, which is introduced using an extended example. At the logical level this workflow model is largely declarative, in contrast with most traditional workflow models which are procedural and/or graph-based. The chapter includes a discussion of how the declarative, artifact-centric workflow specification can be mapped into an op

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m E I M D i I m h m L L l L h J L F

B m j i i K L m h i l I j i m l F y y

h C L f y

Preface

In todays dynamic and competitive business environments, organizations are challenged to meet cus

tomers expectations, reduce time-to-market, optimize resource allocation and improve efficiency. By

configuration by which an organization carries out activities across units or departments to produce value

clearly defined inputs and outputs. Since business processes are the fundamental building blocks of an organizations success, information technologies that focus on process management and improvement have been good candidates to help organizations to fulfill their corporate visions and to improve their

resulted in the development of workflow management systems, dedicated analysis tools for verification,

mindset to ensure a successful outcome and benefit for organizations. Managers and professionals are

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Advanced modelling methodologies Modern business process languages Process models in dynamic environments Enriching process models and enactment architectures Business process management in organizations Improving business processes

Section I introduces advanced modeling methodologies. Three approaches are presented. The first

ogy is that domain specific process models are required both to capture the contents of a process based

perspective oriented process modeling supports domain specific process model. Section II presents modern business process languages. The first language presented is YAWL.

YAWL (Yet Another Workflow Language) is a novel and formally defined workflow language based on the well-known workflow patterns and Petri nets, thus leveraging on both practical and theoretical insights in the field of BPM. This chapter provides an overview of this language and its corresponding

ness Process Management is to combine graphical modeling with a precise specification of an execut

deploy and execute business process choreographies. Based on these specifications, the dichotomy between modeling and execution can be addressed efficiently. The third chapter clarifies that workflow patterns should not be interpreted as a list of constructs that a modeling notation or workflow language

and its workflow models. The chapter presents the graphical and formal representations of ICN-based workflow model and its advanced modelsrole-based model and actor-based modelwhich can be automatically transformed from an ICN-based workflow model in order to improve their verifiability,

defined business processes on-demand (e.g., by dynamically adding, deleting or moving process activi

consistency and robustness of the process-aware information system. The first chapter presents how these

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an integrated and reusable manner. It is intended to be individualized in order to fit the requirements of a specific organization or project. The third chapter illustrates the concept of repairable processes and

with respect to control theory and how it is applied to other contexts. Specifically, the focus is on open

ment architectures can be extended to support new concepts. The first chapter discusses the role of time in workflow management systems. It enumerates some of the main advantages achievable in managing temporal aspects in process models, in exception definition, in the architecture of a workflow manage

the challenges associated with integrating work performed by human agents into automated workflows. It briefly recounts the evolution of business process support systems and concludes that although the

state of the art when defining and implementing business processes in a service-oriented environment. The third chapter identifies a gap between the business people expertise and the IT knowledge required

automate the transition between the inherently separate/detached business professionals level and the

als. The fourth chapter presents how model transformation and refinement techniques can be applied

using a workflow execution engine. The first involves the direct interpretation of the model. The second alternative is the compilation of the model into a lower-level representation amenable to more efficient

workflow management tool. The last chapter illustrates how workflow management systems can be ex

tended to support unstructured activities. Workflow systems are based on the premise that procedures are able to define the details of the work carried out in organizations. Original systems were biased by the

organizations also require flexibility when performing their daily operations and procedures since they

a solution developed to address the problem that traditional workflow systems have while coping with

be able to decide on what are the most suited activities to fulfill organizational goals, with or without restrictions imposed by the workflow system.

Section V exemplifies how business process management can be used in organizations. The first

It enumerates the necessary competencies to define, simulate, analyze and improve business processes.

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model of integration with a focus on process management. Several specific process-oriented integration problems are introduced that are process-specific in nature. The goal of this chapter is to introduce B2B and EAI integration, to show how process management fits into the conceptual model of integration and to convey solution strategies to specific process-oriented integration problems. The third chapter is

of systems. The approaches are described from early developments in the field relying on dedicated

make an efficient use of their human resources, and infrastructures. The last chapter addresses the topic of business process compliance. The chapter provides a solution to one specific problem that arises from

chapter begins by defining the space for business process compliance and the eco-system for ensuring

fications: the specifications for executing a business process and the specifications regulating a business.

normative specifications and the semantics of compliance checking procedures.Section VI of this book studies available solutions to improve business processes. The first chapter

BPI and its application areas and delivers an understanding of how to apply BPI in ones own setting. In

event logs. In the first case study, the goal is to understand the way members of a software team perform

the recorded behavior complies with a predefined issue handling process. The third chapter describes a design methodology for business processes and workflows that focuses first on the key data objects to be manipulated by the workflow along with their macro life-cycles, and then incorporates the individual workflow services that will operate on those objects and the association of the services to the artifacts. The resulting workflow is specified in an artifact-centric workflow model, which is introduced using an

degree of explicit definition, management, measurement, control and effectiveness that a process has.

ing. Thanks to the efforts of the leading experts in the field we managed to compile a comprehensive

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About the Editors

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tems. He has published over 90 refereed papers in the areas of workflow management systems, semantic Web, and related fields. He has edited several books, and organized several international conferences on

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of Technology (QUT) working within the BPM group there. His research interests include workflow

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cited (he has an H-index of more than 55 according to Google Scholar) and his ideas have influenced

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Section I

Advanced Modeling Methodologies

Chapter I

Business Process Modelling in the jABC:

The One-Thing-Approach

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products lifecycle the emphasis thus shifts from

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the one thing approach this comes essentially for

the verification: here, when a property is violated,

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post conditions, is also part of the one thing that

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in contrast to classical many pieces approaches,

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modified at the code-level is the implementation

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Figure 4. The IKEA IT working method within P3: RUP workflow

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Unified Process) development process already in

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process. This team was flanked within P3 by a

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The document management system sits in

It has strict real time constraints, which are

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It is realized as a network of platforms,

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UML (Unified Modelling Language).

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covered by single, well identified stakeholders.

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mended simplified version support primarily a

This leads to a number of deficiencies:

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the mentioned deficiencies. In the given context,

a benefit.

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one-thing model for the first two phases of the definition of the document delivery process. This

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constituting the Business Process Specifications,

fications.

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From a modellers point of view, jABC allows

building-blocks into (flow-) graph structures. This

described in the many documents prose. The additional benefit is that this graphical model

ing process is flanked in jABC by an extensible

formal verification, debugging capabilities are

They help business experts to validate their first sketches, their refinements and precisations, and

which may in fact be profitably used in our process

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global workflow of the entire project within a Service Logic Graph (SLG), jABCs way of defining processes. A SIB could contain a single

big picture workflow exactly as described by the

shown in Figure 6, the process flow at the bottom

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Workflow Granularity

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the workflow:

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mentation code of the specific SIBs, e.g.,

If we are interested in analyzing the loop behaviour, we can refine the SLG of the workflow and model the (relevant) loops at the workflow level, either for the whole process, or just inside specific graph SIBs if

that portion of the workflow needs specific

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in cases where the workflow has not been refined

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Workflow Validation and Verification

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certified

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overspecifications, and to take adequate correc

a significant user experience way before any

tracer, as flexible behavioural execution engine,

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jABC environment is beneficial and well accepted

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at IKEA. We wanted to show the benefits of the

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work profitably with the jABC after only a few

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be sketched quite easily: the first two areas view the

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address only very specific aspects. Thus they are

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and require significant computer science knowl

reflecting the user process, these models specify

middleware and interface specification, including

address this point are summarized in a specific

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(intuitive) verification techniques for end-to-end

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case of IKEAs SCM setting we had to bridge e.g., between various business process specifica

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sufficient, as they introduce (technological) gaps

process level are immediately done on the one thing, and therefore immediately operational,

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refined our views. Ralf Nagel, Sven Jrges, Georg

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Applications of Formal Methods, Verification, U R V U T X V U [ X ] R c a U T X V X X s e

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f y x

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(2008). Seven variations of an alignment workflow

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Genefisher-p: Variations of genefisher as processes

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challenge: Results from the first year (Semantic Q o U R V o Q \ ] R V c

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RUP - Rational Unified Process (2008). Retrieved

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ibm.com/developerworks/library/specification/

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Queille, J.-P., & Sifakis, J. (1982). Specification and verification of concurrent systems in CESAR.

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