Constantinople Emperor Constantine wanted to build a capital
and he chose the Greek city of Byzantium. Byzantium had many
advantages such as it sat on a peninsula and could easily be
defended. It also had trade routes between Europe and Asia.
Slide 3
The Age of Justinian The emperor Justinian ruled from 527 to
565, and was the last emperor to speak Latin. In 534 Justinian
began a series of wars to recover provinces in the west that had
been conquered by Germanic invaders. The Byzantine empire reached
its greatest territorial size under Justinian.
Slide 4
The Contributions of Justinian He is known for reforming the
laws of the empire. He organized, and revised all Roman laws, such
as the Body of Civil Law, know as Justinian Code. During Justinians
rule, a new silk industry started such as many churches.
Slide 5
Divisions in the Empire and the Church Religious disputes began
from within the empire. Violence turned in the 700s and 800s, many
people died over religious pictures and statues. Many people prayed
to icons Disagreements over the use of religious images that are
regarded as sacred turned violent.
Slide 6
Recovery and Disaster in the Byzantine Empire After attacks
during the 600s and 700s the economy of the Byzantines Empire
recovered. In the 900s and 1000s The Byzantine empire reconquered
more land. In 1071, disaster struck the Byzantine Empire, Invaders
form France drove the Byzantines out of southern Italy.
Slide 7
Attacks on Constantinople Trade disputes caused violence
between the Byzantine Empire and Venice in Italy. In 1204, the
Venetians persuaded the Christian knights to attack Constantinople.
Christian Knights captured the city and held it for more than 50
years
Slide 8
Lasting Influence of the Byzantine Empire The fall of the
empire did not end its influence. New Roman law and engineering
were built upon it. They kept alive Greek art, literature
philosophy, and science. Historians such as Procopius and Anna
Cornea wrote about their own time in a poem called Deigns Arias
that describes a hero who defends the empire against bandits and
invaders
Slide 9
By Big Jay
Slide 10
Land Forms and Climates Russia is divided into three broad
areas. The far north is the Tundra. The tundra is a wild band of
forest. South of the Tundra is the steppe. The steppe is a great
plain with few trees that extends from Europe east into Asia. The
Dnieper, Don, and Volga Rivers are most important. They flow south
into the Black and Caspian Seas.
Slide 11
Varangians and Russians During Roman Times, the Slavsany member
of a group of Slavic speaking people of east, southeast, and
central Europemoved into Russia In the 700s, Vikings began
migrating out of the northern European region of Scandinavia. The
Varangians settled at trade centers as well.
Slide 12
Byzantine Influence Byzantines sent missionaries to Kiev and in
957, Princess Olga of Kiev converted to eastern Orthodox
Christianity. In 990, Greek priests baptized all the Kiev citizens
in the Dnieper River. The Byzantines had such a huge impact on
culture in this region that later Russians rulers came to see
themselves as the heirs to the Byzantine Empire.
Slide 13
The Rise and Fall of Kiev After Vladimir died, however, Kiev
fell into decline when rivals battled for the throne. He came to be
called Yaroslav the Wise for his many contributions to Kievan
culture. After Yaroslavs death, Kiev was divided between Yaroslavs
sons, but they fought constantly.
Slide 14
Invasion of Russia The Mongols were a nomadic people who lived
in the grasslands north of China. The Russian people first
encountered the Mongols in 1223. The invasion of Russia was only a
part of the Mongol plan, as Mongol armies swept into Europe.
Slide 15
Impact of Mongol Rule The Mongols were fierce warriors, but
they were tolerant rulers. The impact of the Mongols on Russia is
still debated. Mongol rule brought peace to the lands between
eastern Europe and China. How much influence the Mongols had on the
Russian style of rule is also still debated.
Slide 16
Moscow Benefits From Mongol rule During the Mongol period the
prince of Moscow increased their power by earning the Mongols
trust. The Russian Orthodox Church was another powerful ally of the
princes of Moscow.
Slide 17
The Rise of Moscow Moscow replaced Kiev as the political center
of Russia around 1300. Then Grand Prince Ivan III, known as Ivan
the great, propelled Moscow to greatness. Ivan the Great, like
others before him, looked to the Byzantine Empire for
inspiration.
Slide 18
Ivan the Terrible Ivan IV, grandson of Ivan the Great, crowned
himself czar at the age of 17. Czar is the Russian word for rule.
He called a representative assembly. Ivan restarted trade with
western Europe, and opened the large region of Siberia, in northern
Russia, to Russian settlement.
Slide 19
By Big Jay
Slide 20
Slavic Settlement Wars in the west and the east forced the
Byzantines to leave the northern boarder of the Balkans undefeated.
Around 550, Slavs poured into the Balkans, the first as raiders and
then as settlers. Byzantine efforts were not all successful,
however some Slavs didnt accept the culture or the authority of the
empire.
Slide 21
The Foundation of Bulgaria In the late 600s, the Bulgars, a
nomadic group moved into the northern Bulgaria. The greatest
Bulgarian ruler was Simeon, who ruled from 893 until 927.Simeon had
been a student in Constantinople. Although Simeons war
unsuccessful, he did conquer neighboring Balkan states.
Slide 22
Serbia Serbia was one of the early Slavic in the Balkans. Like
the Bulgarians, the Serbs were influenced by the Byzantine empire.
In the 1200s, Serbia had begun to grow more powerful and wealthy at
the same time that Serbias neighboring lands. Stefan Dusan ruled
Serbia from 1331 to 1355. He was perhaps the greatest ruler of
Serbia during the period.
Slide 23
Rulers of Poland The rules of Poland adopted Roman Catholicism
in the 900s when missionaries from western and central Europe
converted them to Christianity The first king of Poland was crowned
in 1025. Poland expanded east, fighting other Slavs, Lithuanians,
and Russians. The region of Queen Jadwiga Brought a new age of
greatness to Poland.
Slide 24
Changes in Government and Society Royal power was decreased in
Poland over time. The nobles of Poland met in a legislative
assembly called the Sejm. This group elected the king. In the 1500s
and later, the king was often a foreigner. Over time, Poland became
home to many different ethnic groups.
Slide 25
Magyar Invasion For some time, the Magyars lived in the steppe
of southern Russia. In the late 800s they migrated into the
Hungarian Plain. In the first half of the 900s, as the Vikings
raided by sea, the Hungarians attacked by land.
Slide 26
Saint Stephen The first king of Hungary, Stephen I, ruled in
the early 1000s.He unified the Hungarians. The Hungarian kings
authority was limited, however king Andrew the II of Hungary forced
a sign document. Hungary faced disaster in 1241 when the Mongol
army destroyed the Hungarian army and massacred many
Hungarians.