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United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. UNCTAD. BY : BURAK TEPELİ CEREN BALIK CANBERK ZERAY ZEYNEP ÖYKÜ SAĞLAM. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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BY : BURAK TEPELİ
CEREN BALIK
CANBERK ZERAY
ZEYNEP ÖYKÜ SAĞLAM
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNCTAD2
UNCTAD A knowledge-based institution to promote development
I. Introduction to UNCTAD Historical and political context
II. UNCTAD’s structureInter-governmental process, cooperation and dialogue
III. UNCTAD todayIts current work and its divisions
UNCTAD
Basic goals Optimize the trade, investment and
development opportunities of developing countries
Assist developing countries in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis
UNCTAD
Basic characteristics• 193 member States
• Secretary-General: Rubens Ricupero (Brazil),since September 1995
• Staff: 400 employees
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Budget: ca. US$ 50 million from the UN budget, US$ 25 million from extra-budgetary sources
UNCTAD
Historical and political context:
Creation of UNCTAD G-77 e NIEO Washington Consensus Globalization
Washington Consensus
- Debt crisis
- IMF, World Bank structural adjust. programs
- Trade and financial liberalization
1980s
New International Economic Order
- Strengthening of the G-77
- Trade and development
- New topics
New International Economic Order
- Strengthening of the G-77
- Trade and development
- New topics
1970s1970s
19641964
Creation of UNCTAD
- Dr. Prebisch
Creation of UNCTAD
- Dr. Prebisch
1990s1990s
Globalization
- Creation of the WTO
- Increase in FDI
- Financial crises (Mexico, Asia, Russia, Brazil)
Globalization
- Creation of the WTO
- Increase in FDI
- Financial crises (Mexico, Asia, Russia, Brazil)
UNCTAD6
Brief History of UNCTAD
First phase: 1964 to late 1970s
Rise and climax of UNCTAD’s negotiating role
Second phase: 1980s
Strengthening the analytical capacity with greater focus on macroeconomic and financial issues (debt-crisis)
Third phase: 1990s onwards
The positive agenda and identification of the shortcomings of the mainstream development strategy
UNCTAD7
Political dimension of the Conferences Discussion about:
Development-oriented strategies
Advantages and shortcomings of economic strategies
Intergovernmental and international policies and priorities
Mandates and work of the UN and UNCTAD
UNCTAD
Intergovernmental process
Expert Meetings
Commission on Trade in
Goods, Services and Commodities
Trade and Development Board
Commission on Investment,
Technology and Related
Financial Issues
Commission on Enterprise, Business
Facilitation and Development
Commission on Science and
Technology for Development
ECOSOC
Annual session of the commissions: political issues Expert meetings: technical issues
Consensus-building
UNCTAD
Meetings The inter-governmental work is done at 5 levels of meetings: [1]
The UNCTAD Conference – held every 4 years; UNCTAD XIII will be held in Doha, Qatar in 2012 UNCTAD XII was held in Accra, Ghana in 21–25 April
2008 UNCTAD XI was held in São Paulo, Brazil in 13–18 June
2004 UNCTAD X was held in Bangkok, Thailand in 12–19
February 2000 UNCTAD IX was held in Midrand, South Africa in 27 April –
11 May 1996 UNCTAD VIII was held in Cartagena, Colombia in 8–25
February 19929
UNCTAD
Structure of the SecretariatSecretary-General
Office of the S-G
Special Programme For Least Developed,
Landlocked and IslandDeveloping Countries
Special Programme For Least Developed,
Landlocked and IslandDeveloping Countries
Deputy S-G
Division on Globalisation and Development
Strategies
Division on Investment, Technology and
EnterpriseDevelopment
Division On Services
Infrastructure forDevelopment andTrade Efficiency
Division On International Trade in Goodsand Services,
and Commodities
Division of Management
UNCTAD
How does UNCTAD work?
A TWO-TRACKPROCESS
Intergovernmental level
Commission meetings
Human resources capacity-building
Consensus
Building
Policy
Analysis
UNCTAD Secretariat
Expert meetingsExpert meetingsMonitoring of inter-
governmental activities
Monitoring of inter-governmental
activities
Research and analytical studies
Research and analytical studies
InstitutionalCapacity-building
InstitutionalCapacity-building
UNCTAD
UNCTAD
Cooperation and dialogue
Private Sector
International organisations
Civil Society
Academia
WTO, World Bank, IMF, etc.
Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs) and
Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)
Universities and research institutes
Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) and
Transnational Corporations (TNCs)
Governments 192 countries
UNCTAD
MAIN THEMES Poverty/Development
Social dimension of globalization
Equitable world trade (market access, agriculture)
Financial system and world economy
Social and corporate responsibility
LDCs’ external debt
Trade and environment
UNCTAD14
Analytical process
Annual reports Specific studies Technical and statistical material Regional and national workshops Analysis of national policies and
best practices
UNCTAD15
Main publications Trade and Development Report
(annual)
Research Papers Series
www.unctad.org
E-commerce and Development Report (annual)
The Least Developed Countries Report (biennial)
World Investment Report (annual)
UNCTAD
UNCTAD’s work
Investment, enterprise
development, and technology
Trade (goods, services and commodities),
services infrastructure and
trade facilitation
DEVELOPMENT
Dev
elop
men
t st
rate
gies
an
d
glob
al in
terd
epen
den
ce
Lea
st d
evel
oped
, lan
dlo
cked
an
d
smal
l isl
and
dev
elop
ing
cou
ntr
ies.
UNCTAD17
Globalization and Development Strategies Macro-economic analysis and
policy proposals
Studies and projections about the world economy and the financial system
Preparation of the Trade and Development Report (TDR)
Analysis of external debt problems
Development programs for Africa
UNCTAD18
International Tradein Goods, Services and Commodities
Integrate developing countries in the multilateral trade system and help them benefit from it
Understanding of current issues in multilateral trade negotiations
New proposals – positive agenda
UNCTAD19
Services Infrastructure for Development and Trade Efficiency
Trade facilitation Multimodal transportation (ACIS) E-commerce TrainForTrade Global Trade Point Network Customs modernisation
(ASYCUDA)
UNCTAD20
Special Programme on Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Currently: 50 LDCs
34 in Africa, 9 in Asia, 6 in the Pacific Region, 1 in Latin America (Haiti)
Objective: Reduce poverty & increase development Preparation of the LDC Annual Report Analysis of the links between poverty-reduction
and development strategies Assistance to LDCs for accession to the WTO
and its negotiations Capacity-building in trade, investment and
related services Organization of the Conference on LDCs
UNCTAD21
Who participates
Government delegates from 193 countries
International institutions
Parliamentarians
Entrepreneurs
Academics
NGOs and IGOs
Media