By:Calagan, Karl Khumo

Balmeo, Francesca GabrieleDe Castro, Lebby

Dela Cruz, Hannah NicoleFlorendo, Elaine Joy

Mindanao

MindanaoDemographics

History CultureMusic

Influences in Today’s Music

Mindanao Demographics

Mindanao : Demographics

Mindanao is the second largest island in the country the country at 94 630 square kilometers, and is the eighth most populous island in the world. The island of Mindanao is larger than 125 countries worldwide, including the Netherlands and Taiwan.

Mindanao : Demographics

The island is mountainous, and is home to Mt. Apo, the highest mountain in the country.

Mindanao is surrounded by seas: Sulu Sea to the West, the Philippine Sea to the East, and the Celebes Sea to the South.

Mindanao : DemographicsThe island group of Mindanao encompasses

Mindanao Island itself and the Sulu Archipelago to the Southwest. The island group is divided into six regions [ Zamboanga Peninsula – Region IX , Northern Mindanao – Region X , Davao Region – Region XI , SOCCSKSARGEN – Region XII , Caraga – Region XIII , and Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao ARMM ] and was further subdivided into 26 provinces.

Mindanao : DemographicsOf all the islands of the Philippines,

Mindanao shows the greatest variety of physiographic development. High, rugged, faulted mountains; almost isolated volcanic peaks; high rolling plateaus; and broad, level, swampy plains are found here.

Mindanao : DemographicsMindanao Maps

Mindanao : DemographicsMount Apo

DidYouKnow? Mount Apo stands at 9 692 feet (2 954 m) above sea level.

MindanaoDemographics

History CultureMusic

Influences in Today’s Music

History of Mindanao

Mindanao : HistoryMindanao is named after the

Maguindanaons who constituted the largest Sultanate historically, and evidence from maps made during the 17th and 18th centuries suggests that the name was used to refer to the island by natives at the time.

Mindanao : HistoryAn Old Spanish Map of Mindanao

Island

Mindanao : HistoryEvidence of human occupation dates

back tens of thousands of years. In prehistoric times the Negrito people arrived. Sometime around 1500 BC Austronesian Peoples spread throughout the Philippines and far beyond.

Mindanao : HistoryNegrito – a class of several ethnic

groups that inhabit isolated parts of Southeast Asia.

Mindanao : HistoryIslam first spread to the region during

the 13th century through Arab traders from present-day Malaysia and Indonesia. Prior to this contact, the inhabitants of the area were primarily animists living in small autonomous communities.

Mindanao : HistoryIs·lamnoun \is-ˈläm, iz-, -ˈlam, ˈis-ˌ, ˈiz-ˌ\: the religious faith of Muslims including

belief in Allah as the sole deity and in Muhammad as his prophet

Islam was spread in the Philippines by Mudum, Raja Baginda, Abu Bakr, and Serif Kabungsuan.

Mindanao : HistoryToday, the region is home to most of

the country's Muslim or Moro populations, composed of many ethnic groups such as the Maranao and the Tausug, the Banguingui , as well as the collective group of indigenous tribes known as the Lumad.

Mindanao : HistoryThe MARANAO~ Maranao is the term used for the people of Lanao, a predominantly Muslim region in the Philippine island of Mindanao.

Mindanao : HistoryToday, the region is home to most of

the country's Muslim or Moro populations, composed of many ethnic groups such as the Maranao and the Tausug, the Banguingui (users of the vinta), as well as the collective group of indigenous tribes known as the Lumad.

Mindanao : HistoryThe TAUSUG~ The Tausūg or Suluk people are an ethnic group of Sulu and Malaysia. The term Tausūg was derived from two words tao and sūg (or suluk) meaning "people of the current", referring to their home-lands in the Sulu Archipelago.

Mindanao : HistoryToday, the region is home to most of

the country's Muslim or Moro populations, composed of many ethnic groups such as the Maranao and the Tausug, the Banguingui (users of the vinta), as well as the collective group of indigenous tribes known as the Lumad.

Mindanao : HistoryThe Banguingui ~ Banguingui is a distinct ethno-

linguistic group dispersed throughout the Greater Sulu Archipelago and southern and western coastal regions of the Zamboanga Peninsula in Mindanao.

Mindanao : HistoryToday, the region is home to most of

the country's Muslim or Moro populations, composed of many ethnic groups such as the Maranao and the Tausug, the Banguingui (users of the vinta), as well as the collective group of indigenous tribes known as the Lumad.

Mindanao : HistoryThe LUMAD~ The Lumad is a term being used to denote a group of indi-genous peoples of the southern Philippines.

MindanaoDemographics

History CultureMusic

Influences in Today’s Music

Mindanao Culture

Mindanao : Culture

Cebuano is spoken by the majority of people in Mindanao. Cebuano is generally the native language in most regions, except for the Muslim areas on the west coast and among the hill tribes.

LANGUAGE

Mindanao : Culture 

The Mindanao Cuisine is highly unique and very delicious, indeed.

Zamboanga Satti Kiyoning Coconut Milk

FOOD

Mindanao : CultureOne of the most common ingredients

used by Mindanao people in their daily food preparations is coconut milk. Aside from the fact that coconut is abundant in the region, it also adds a distinctive taste.

FOOD

Mindanao : CultureFor the Maranaos, the well-known kiyoning or yellow rice is made by mixing rice, coconut milk and powdered kalawag (turmeric).

FOOD

Mindanao : CultureTurmeric is a herbaceous perennial

plant of the ginger family.

FOOD

Mindanao : CultureFOOD

Satti is actually a breakfast meal to the locals of Zamboanga. While it is similar to

the regular Barbeque, Satti only has at most 3 small strips of roasted meats on a

stick. The meat can be any from beef, pork, liver, or chicken. This is best paired

with rice, preferably sticky and sweet and spicy sauce.

Mindanao : CultureMindanao people also developed great

literature that could be compared with the literature of others. Some of the famous writers are Margarita Morfi, who wrote “Fractional Lives”, and Hope S. Sabanpan-Yu who wrote “Kulokabildo”.

LITERATURE

Mindanao : CultureMoro literature embraces the whole

range of oral and written expression of Moro culture, including religious and ritual literature, folk literature such as legends, myths, epics and folktales, and the symbolic speech of courtship, proverbs, and riddles. Poems, songs, and ballads are also included.

LITERATURE

Mindanao : CultureExamples of some oral and written literature in

Mindanao are:Hadis - Hadis is a Tausug religious oral literature

on locally produced commentaries on specific items of Muslim tradition and jurisprudence.

Daranganen - (epic poetry) may be the best known poetic narrative of the Maranao. It consists of 25 episodes about Prince Bantugen, a godlike hero embodying physical prowess, beauty and intelligence.

LITERATURE

Mindanao : CultureStories and symbolic speeches such as

riddles, proverbs, courtship dialogues and love spells are part of the literary expression of some Moro groups. Stories, like “The Red Star of Islam,” seek to edify Muslims as they remember fellow Muslims suffering in communist Russia.

LITERATURE

Mindanao : CultureWe can say that Mindanao Art is very

expressive. This is evident in the very beautiful colors and patterns every work of art contains.

ART

Mindanao : CultureOkir or okkil refers to the range of folk

motifs, usually of plants and geometric forms, that are prominent in Maranao art work.

ART

Mindanao : CultureYakan is a unique cultural group of Sulu

living on Basilan Island south of Zamboanga. On backstrap looms they turn fine cotton and silks into remarkable geometric work of art.

ART

Mindanao : CultureIn imitating the metal art works of the

Moros (Muslim Warriors), the Bagobo tribe has produced an ornate tradition in weaponry, and inlaid, bell-jangled metal boxes. The Bagobo also weave abaca cloths of ruddy earth tones, and weave baskets.

ART

MindanaoDemographics

History CultureMusic

Influences in Today’s Music

Mindanao : MUSIC

Music and Dance of the Mindanao is very lively and unique. They use these as entertainment and leisure. We are also entertained by their music especially when they perform them in various plays and festivities.

Mindanao : MUSIC

Here is an example of Mindanao Music and Dance

Mindanao : MUSIC

STOP

MindanaoMusical

Instruments

Mindanao : MUSICThey used various instruments to

create these wonderful music. Let’s now find out what they are.

GO !

Mindanao : MUSICKulintang

Kubing

Agung

Gandingan

Dabakan

Kulintang a kayo

Gandingan a kayo

Babendil Kulintang a tiniok

Agung a Tamlang

Mindanao : MUSICKulintang is a modern term for an ancient instrumental form

of music composed on a row of small, horizontally-laid gongs that function melodically, accompanied by larger, suspended gongs and drums.

Mindanao : MUSICAs part of the culture of Southeast Asia,

kulintang music ensembles have been playing for many centuries in regions of the Eastern Malay Archipelago — the Southern Philippines, Eastern Indonesia, Eastern Malaysia, Brunei and Timor.

The Kulintang consists of a row/set of 5 to 9 graduated pot gongs, horizontally laid upon a frame arranged in order of pitch with the lowest gong found on the players’ left. BACK

Mindanao : MUSICThe kubing is a type of Philippine jaw harp from bamboo

found among the Maguindanaon and other Muslim and non-Muslim tribes in the Philippines and Indonesia.

Mindanao : MUSIC

The Kubing is traditionally considered an intimate instrument, usually used as communication between family or a love one in close quarters. Both genders can use the instrument, the females more infrequently than males who use it for short distance courtship.

BACK

Mindanao : MUSICThe agung is a set of two wide-rimmed, vertically-suspended

gongs used by the Maguindanao, Maranao and Tausug people of the Philippines as a supportive instrument in kulintang ensembles.

Mindanao : MUSICThe agung is a large, heavy, wide-

rimmed gong shaped like a kettle gong. The agung produces a bass sound in the kulintang orchestra and weighs between 11 and 15 pounds.

They are hung vertically above the floor at or a bit below the waist line, suspended by ropes fastened to structures like strong tree limb, beam of a house, ceiling, or gong stand.

Mindanao : MUSICThe larger, lower pitched gong of the two is called

the pangandungan by the Maguindanao and and the p'nanggisa-an by the Maranao. Played on the musician's right, it provides the main part, which it predominantly played on the accents of the rhythmic structure.

The smaller, higher pitched gong, the thicker of the two, is called the panentekan by the Maguindanao and the pumalsan by the Maranao. Found on the player’s left, it is mainly played on the weaker double and triple beats of the rhythmic structure, in counterpoint to the pangandungan's part.

BACK

Mindanao : MUSICThe gandingan is a Philippine set of four large,

hanging gongs used by the Maguindanao as part of their kulintang ensemble.

Mindanao : MUSICThe instrument is usually described as four,

large, shallow-bossed, thin-rimmed gongs, vertically hung, either from a strong support such as a tree limb or housed in a strong wooden framed stand.

The gongs are arranged in graduated fashion in pairs with knobs of the lower-pitched gongs facing each other and the higher-pitched gongs doing the same. Normally, the lower-pitched gongs would be situated on the left side and the higher pitched gongs on the right side of the player if he/she were right-handed.

BACK

Mindanao : MUSICThe babendil is a single, narrow-rimmed Philippine

gong used primary as the “timekeeper” of the Maguindanao kulintang ensemble.

Mindanao : MUSIC

The babendil usually has a diameter of roughly one foot making it larger than the largest kulintang gong and comparable to the diameter of the agung or gandingan.

BACK

Mindanao : MUSICThe dabakan is a single-headed Philippine drum, primarily

used as a supportive instrument in the kulintang ensemble. Among the five main kulintang instruments, it is the only non-gong element of the Maguindanao ensemble.

Mindanao : MUSIC

The dabakan is frequently described as either hour-glass, conical, tubular, or goblet in shape. Normally, the dabakan is found having a length of more than two feet and a diameter of more than a foot about the widest part of the shell.

Mindanao : MUSIC

The shell is carved from wood either out of the trunk of a coconut tree or the wood of a jackfruit tree which is then hollowed out throughout its body and stem.

Mindanao : MUSIC

NOTE THIS :The following instruments are part of

the Maguindanao Kulintang Ensemble:

1.] Kulintang 4.] Babendil 2.] Agung 5.] Dabakan 3.] Gandingan

BACK

Mindanao : MUSICThe kulintang a kayo (literally, “wooden kulintang”) is a

Philippine xylophone of the Maguindanaon people with eight tuned slabs arranged horizontally atop a wooden antangan (rack).

Mindanao : MUSICMade of soft wood, the kulintang a

kayo is a common found among Maguindanaon households with a musical background. Traditionally, it was used for self-entertainment purpose inside the house, so beginners could practice kulintang pieces before performing them on the real kulintang.

BACK

Mindanao : MUSICThe gandingan a kayo (translated means, “wooden

gandingan,” or “gandingan made of wood”) is a Philippine xylophone and considered the wooden version of the real gandingan.

Mindanao : MUSIC

This instrument is a relatively new instrument coming of age due to the increasing popularity of the “wooden kulintang ensemble”.

BACK

Mindanao : MUSICAlso called kulintang a putao (Maguindanaon), the

kulintang a tiniok is a type of Philippine metallophone with eight tuned knobbed metal plates strung together via string atop a wooden antangan (rack). Kulintang a tiniok is a Maguindanaon term meaning “kulintang with string”

PRESENTATION >

Mindanao : MUSIC

STOP

Mindanao : MUSICThey also could call them kulintang a

putao, meaning “kulintang of metal.” The Maranao refer to this instrument as a sarunay (or salunay, salonay), terminology which has become popular for this instrument in America. This is considered a relatively recent instrument and surprisingly many of them are only made of tin-can. BACK

Mindanao : MUSICThe Agung a Tamlang is a type of Philippine slit drum made

of hollowed out bamboo in imitation of the real agung. Pitch is determined by the length and depth of the slit.

Mindanao : MUSIC

A slit drum is a hollow percussion instrument, usually a log drum of bamboo or wood, that is made one or more slits in it.

Mindanao : MUSICThe agung a tamlang is used as

practice for the real agung: players either use either one agung a tamlang (hold it with one hand and using the other to strike it with a beater) or using two agung a tamlangs where the other agung is held with one’s feet.

NEXT

MindanaoDances

Mindanao : MUSICLike their brothers from central and

northern Philippines, Filipinos in the South are avid lovers of dance. The dances, particularly of the Maguindanao, the Maranao, and the Taosug, are largely ceremonial and  are often accompanied by percussion instruments such as gongs and drums.

Mindanao : MUSIC

Kandingan

SingkilSagayan

Pangalay

Lunsay

Tahing Baila

Mindanao : MUSICKandingan is a Moro wedding dance.

When the natives from Jolo perform this dance, no definite number of steps, no sequence of figures, no lines of directions and no particular feet and arm movements are incorporated. The barefoot dancers are dressed in typical Joloano costume.

Mindanao : MUSICSingkil (or Sayaw sa Kasingkil) is a

famous dance of the Maranao people of Lake Lanao, which was popularized by the Bayanihan Philippine National Folk Dance Company.

Mindanao : MUSICSagayan is a Philippine war dance

performed by both the Maguindanao and Maranao depicting in dramatic fashion the steps their hero, Prince Bantugan, took upon wearing his armaments, the war he fought in and his subsequent victory afterwards. Performers, depicting fierce warriors would carry shield with shell noisemakers in one hand and double-bladed sword in the other attempting rolling movements to defend their master.

Mindanao : MUSIC

The Tahing Baila is a Yakan dance in which the motions of fish are mimicked.

Mindanao : MUSICPangalay (also known as Daling-Daling or

Mengalai in Sabah) in is the traditional “fingernail” dance of the Tausūg people of the Sulu Archipelago and Sabah. This dance is the most distinctively Asian of all the Southern Philippine dances because dancers must have dexterity and flexibility of the shoulders, elbows, and wrists – movements that strongly resemble those of “kontaw silat,” a martial art common in the Malay Archipelago.

Mindanao : MUSICLunsay is a song-dance performed by the

Jama Mapun people of Cagayan de Sulu and Tawi-tawi. Male and female performers hold hands in a single file and go through serpentine, circular and wavelike patterns following the hand movement and the direction of an appointed leader. The male dancer next to a female dancer must not hold bare hands with the female dancer, instead, a handkerchief is used for the female dancer to hold.

MindanaoDemographics

History CultureMusic

Influences to Today’s Music

Influence to Music

Mindanao : MUSIC InfluencesWith all these information, the region’s

Music or Mindanao in general, had an impact on the world of music a lot. Just as other creators of music, they have created different types of instruments, and their dances have become part of other people’s culture.

Mindanao : MUSIC InfluencesMindanao music certainly has been

popular in the Philippines, in fact the musical instruments that are known by those who are inexperienced in such field know instruments that are from Mindanao.

Mindanao

The EndThank you for

Listening

Mindanao : MUSIC

Stay Tuned for our Cebuano Sayawit Presentation in the

coming days! Thank You!