By: Chris Kennedy, Phil Lagger , Jon Lockie, Chad Pietkowski and Joe Wcislak

Any Highway bridge, including supports, with a clear span of 20 feet or great measured along centerline of roadway.

ODOT’s requirements are more strict Any highway bridge, including supports,

with a clear span of 10 feet or greater measured along centerline of roadway

Purpose is to document physical and functional conditions of the bridge

Any changes, physical and inventory, that have occurred since prior inspection

Identify existing problems and future concerns

Identify need or revision to weight restriction on the bridge

Identify the need for monitoring of any portion of the bridge

No federal funding was given for construction or maintenance of campus bridges.

No records of being inspected.Not in the Ohio bridge inventory

because they are privately owned and not required to be inspected.

3 out of the 5 bridges were designed and built in the 60’s early 70’s

Piece of rebar (3 - 4 feet long)Brick hammerFlash lightLadderSafety vests Hardhats ConesODOT BR-86 Inspection Form

Used the ODOT rating system.

ODOT uses the numbers 1-4 to rate individual items of the bridge. This does not include Summary Items, general appraisal and the live load response. 1. Good Condition – No repair required. 2. Fair Condition – Minor deficiency, item still

functioning as designed. 3. Poor Condition – Major deficiency, item in need

of repair to continue functioning as designed. 4. Critical Condition – Item no longer functioning as

designed.

The following codes are used for the summary and general appraisal sections. 9. Excellent condition 8. Very good condition 7. Good condition 6. Satisfactory condition 5. Fair condition 4. Poor condition 3. Serious condition 2. Critical condition 1. "Imminent" failure condition 0. Failed condition

DeckSuperstructureSubstructureChannelApproachesGeneral Is it functioning as designed?

The primary function of the bridge deck is to provide a smooth riding surface and to transmit the wheel loads to the supporting members. Item 1 – Floor (Concrete or Timber) Item 2 – Wearing Surface Item 3 – Curbs, Sidewalks, Walkways Item 4 – Median (Omitted) Item 5 – Railing Item 6 – Drainage Item 7 – Expansion Joints Item 8 – Deck Summary

The superstructure is the entire portion of a bridge above the abutment and pier seats, excluding the deck.

The superstructure transmits the deck loads to the substructure.

The superstructure and the substructure are generally the two most important aspects of the bridge.

Item 9 – Alignment Item 10 – Beams/Girders or Concrete

Slab Item 11 – Diaphragms or Cross Frames Items (12,13,14) – Floor System Items Items (15-23) – Truss Type Bridges (1 on

campus) Item 24 – Bearing Devices

Items (25,26,27) – Arch Type Bridge (Omitted)

Item 28 – Protective Coating System (PCS)

Item 29 – Pins, Hangers, Hinges Item 30 – Fatigue Prone Connections Item 31 – Live Load Response

(Excessive, Satisfactory) Item 32 – Superstructure Summary

The substructure is that portion of the bridge below the pier and abutment seats, including footers and piling.

The substructure transmits the loads and stresses from the deck, superstructure, or other load supporting system, to the ground.

All exposed or readily accessible portions of the substructure will be inspected at close range.

Underwater investigation will be done to assure that scour and undermining is not threatening the bridge.

This will consist of probing in relatively shallow water and diving in deeper water.

Item 33 – Abutments Item 34 – Abutment Seats Item 35 – Piers Item 36 – Pier Seats Item 37 – Backwall Item 38 – Wingwalls Item 39 – Fenders and Dolphins (Omitted) Item 40 – Scour Item 41 – Slope Protection Item 42 – Substructure Summary

This item describes the physical conditions associated with the flow of water through the bridge such as stream stability and the condition of the channel, riprap, and slope protection.

Inspect the channel 100 ft upstream. Item 51 – Alignment Item 52 – Protection Item 53 – Waterway Adequacy Item 54 – Channel Summary

A smooth transition between the roadway pavement and the bridge deck is important for the reduction of impact forces acting upon the bridge and for driving safety. Item 55 – Pavement Item 56 – Approach Slabs Item 57 – Guardrail Item 58 – Relief Joints Item 59 – Embankment Item 60 – Approach Summary

Items in this section are of a general nature and do not relate to specific bridge elements. Item 61 – Navigation Lights (Omitted) Item 62 – Warning Signs Item 63 – Sign Supports Item 64 – Utilities Item 65 – Vertical Clearance (Omitted) Item 66 – General Appraisal and Operational

Status▪ This is a two part item. The first box is for coding the

general, overall condition of the bridge. ▪ The second box is for coding the operational status of

the bridge.

9. As built condition

8. Very good condition - no problems noted.

7. Good condition - some minor problems.

6. Satisfactory condition - structural elements show some minor deterioration.

5. Fair condition - all primary structural elements are sound, but may have minor section loss, cracking, or spalling. Secondary elements may have significant deterioration.

4. Poor condition - advanced section loss, deterioration, or spalling.

3. Serious condition - loss of section, deterioration, or spalling have seriously affected primary structural components. Local failures or cracks in concrete or both may be present.

2. Critical condition - advanced deterioration of primary structural elements. Fatigue cracks in steel or shear cracks in concrete may be present. Bridge should be closed or closely monitored, until corrective action is taken.

1. "Imminent" failure condition - major deterioration or section loss present structural components. Bridge is closed to traffic but corrective action may put back in light service.

0. Failed condition - out of service - beyond corrective action.

"A" Open, no restriction

"B" Open, posting recommended but not legally implemented (all signs not in place)

“C” Under construction, half of the existing bridge is open to traffic (half-width construction)

"D" Open, would be posted or closed except for temporary shoring, etc. to allow for unrestricted traffic

"E" Open, temporary structure in place to carry legal loads while original structure is closed and awaiting replacement or rehabilitation.

"G" New structure not yet open to traffic

"K" Bridge closed to all traffic

"P" Posted for load-carrying capacity restriction (may include other restrictions)

"R" Posted for other than load-carrying capacity restriction (speed, number of vehicles on bridge, etc.).

"X" Bridge closed for reasons other than condition or load-carrying capacity.

This is a comparison summary of each bridge and their individual components.

West Road Arts Ped

Library Ped

Stadium Drive

Savage PedDeck

Floor 2 1 1 2 2Wearing Surface 2 1 1 2 2Curbs, Sidewalks 2 1 2 2 2

Railing 2 1 2 2 3Drainage 2 1 2 2 2

Expansion Joints 2 1 1 2 2SUMMARY 6 8 7 6 5

West Road Arts Ped

Library Ped

Stadium Drive

Savage Ped

SuperstructureAlignment 2 1 1 1 1

Beams/Girders/Slabs 2 1 2 2Diaphragms or Cross Frames 1

Floor Beams 1 2 2Floor Beam Connections 1 2 2

Verticals 1 Diagonals 1 End Posts 1

Top Chord 1 Lower Chord 1 Sway Bracing 1

Portals Bearing Devices 2 1 2 2 2

Protective Coating System 8 9 5 4Pins/Hangers/Hinges

Fatigue Prone Connections Live Load Response S S S S S

SUMMARY 6 9 6 5 5

West Road Arts Ped

Library Ped

Stadium Drive

Savage Ped

SubstructureAbutments 1 1 2 2 2

Abutment Seats 1 1 2 2 2Piers 2 2

Pier Seats 2 3Backwalls 2 1 2 2 2Wingwalls 1 1 2 2 2

Scour 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Slope Protection 2 1 1 1 1

SUMMARY 6 9 6 6 5

West Road Arts Ped

Library Ped

Stadium Drive

Savage Ped

ChannelAlignment 2 1 1 1 1Protection 2 1 1 1 1

Waterway Adequacy 1 1 1 1 1SUMMARY 7 8 8 8 8

ApproachesPavement 1 1 1 1 1

Approach Slabs 1 1 1 1 1Guardrail 1

Embankment 2 2SUMMARY 8 8 8 8 8

GeneralUtilities 2 1 1 1 1

Vertical Clearance N N N N N

Overall summary rating of the individual bridges.

Shows the final rating and operational status.

West Road Arts Ped

Library Ped

Stadium Drive

Savage Ped

GENERAL APPRAISAL & STATUS 7 A 8 A 7 A 6 A 4 A

• Rebar showing in deck• Top coat pealing off• Hollow spot at mid span of deck

Savage Bridge West Road

Rust and deterioration on jointsLeaking expansion joints

West Road Stadium Drive

Pitting was found on all the bridges from being in contact with the river during heavy rainfall.

Savage Bridge Library Bridge

Used to support the concrete during construction

No structural support addedNot ideal for climate of area

Savage Bridge Library Bridge

Exposed rebar in the piersConcrete sheared offConcrete spalling

Savage Bridge Savage Bridge

Concrete Jacketing- pour concrete around the member to be strengthened with additional steel reinforcement. Time Consuming Adhesion is an issue

Cost #4-6 ft rebar= $ 7.30 Form= $2/ft2

Concrete= $80-$100/cu yd

Sprayed Concrete- pneumatically projecting concrete on wire mesh Useful for large areas Very messy and costly

Cost Wire mesh=$6.25/ft2

Concrete= $500/yd3

Aggregate slab jacking- pump grout into washed areas with anchored reinforcement. Dense mix with good surface finish. Aesthetically pleasing.

Cost Concrete= $80-$100/cu yd Wire mesh=$6.25/ft2

#4-6 ft rebar= $ 7.30

Steel Plate Bonding- externally bonded steel plates that are anchored to the concrete section. Hard to lift and fabrication is unique to each

section Prone to corrosion over time Improves moment of inertia

(stiffness) of member

Cost 4’ x 4’ x 1/2” steel plate = $439.04

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)- high tensile fibers in a desired direction in a specialty resin matrix. Can be enhanced as required for each

application. Quick, neat, effective Much testing required.

Cost $50/ft2

Deck Replacement- modular deck of reinforced concrete slab with unfilled steel grid. Can be precast 35-50% less weight than reinforced concrete

deck. Quick application

Cost Traditional Concrete

Slab = $55/sq ft. FRP Slab = $108 sq/ft.

Fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRP)- high tensile fibers in a desired direction in a specialty resin matrix. Strips can be applied to the underside of

the deck to give strength. Increase the moment of

inertia in a member. Easy to apply

Cost $50/ft2

Neoprene Compression Seals- Expansion replacement Watertight seal Cheap and easy to install Require continual maintenance

Cost –

Fabricated steel plate expansion joints Interlocking steel plates to allow bridge

movement while maintaining smooth roadway.

Long-term fix▪ Holds up to weather▪ Not much maintenance

required

Cost-

Aggregate grouting around wire mesh to fill in eroded concrete in column. Aesthetically pleasing Cheap and easy

Cost-

ConcreteWire Mesh Labor

Equipment

Cost $85/yd3 $6.25/ft2 $50/hr $450

Amount Needed 2 yd3 12 ft2 40 hr 1Total $170 $75 $2,000 $450 TOTAL $2,695

Sprayed concrete over wire mesh applied to underside of deck near north abutment wall

Replace north expansion joint with fabricated steel plate expansion joints

Cost-

Sprayed Concrete Wire Mesh

Expansion Joint Labor Equipment

Cost $500/yd3 $6.25/ft2 $3,200 $50/hr $900 Amount Needed 4 yd3 75 ft2 1 80 hr 1Total $2,000 $468.75 $3,200 $4,000 $900 TOTAL $9,568.75

Remove stay-in-place form to check deck. If deck is bad- replace with precast modular

deck

Cut back trees that hang over the bridge Help to reduce clogged drain on deck

Cost-

LaborEquipmen

tCost $50/hr $300 Amount Needed 10 hr 1Total $500 $300 TOTAL $800

Only 6 years old In good shape

No repairs necessary at the moment

Continue to monitor

Adhere fiber reinforced polymer sheets to underside of deck where cracked Improve strength and moment of

inertia in member

Replace south expansion joint with fabricated steel plate expansion joints

Cost- FRP Composite Expansion Joint Labor EquipmentCost $110/lb $3,200 $50/hr $1,000

Amount Needed 50 1 300 1Total $5,500 $3,200 $15,000 $1,000 TOTAL $24,700.00

All the bridges are structurally sound.

Repair suggestions were mostly for aesthetic appeal and minor strengthening.

All the bridges need to be professionally inspected and evaluated.

An inspection program needs to be in place and enforced by the University to monitor the problem areas we found.

We recommend a bi-annual inspection program.

ODOT bridge Inspection Manual 1991. http://www.dsbrown.com/Resources/Articles/Masterbu

ilder.pdf Joan Cherry’s PPT on ODOT bridge inspection For deck replacement:

http://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/Ri04027/Brf05Mar.pdf

For rebar prices:http://www.idealtruevalue.com/servlet/the-9566/Detail

For concrete price:http://www.servicemagic.com/article.show.Concrete-Cost-A-Primer.14119.html

www.dsbrown.com http://www.metalsdepot.com/Cart3/

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