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by, Drew Harris Drew Harris

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satellites starA satellite star A solar system is a set of satellites floating around a central star. A satellite is an object that floats around another object. A star is a large sphere of burning gases. planets orbit Our solar system is where the planets, including Earth, orbit the sun, or rotate around it. A planet is a large object that moves around a star. Our solar system is a solar system because the sun is a star. It is also the only star in our solar system. Our sun is only a medium size star.

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Day and Night occur because the sun is Earths main light. The part of Earth having day is facing the sun. The part of Earth having night is facing away from the sun. The reason the moon changes shape is that the moons light is actually being reflected off of the sun. It uses that light to reflect light so it doesnt really change shape.

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axisAxis We have different seasons because of the tilt of Earths axis. Axis is the imaginary line that goes through the Earth. Almost all of the planets have a tilt in its axis. In fact, Mercury is the only planet without a tilt in its axis. Uranus is tilted so far its tipped over and on its side!

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A planet looks and moves different from a star. Stars are different in size and color. Our sun is actually a small star, it only appears big because its so close to us. The color of a star depends on how hot it is. Red stars are the coolest and blue stars are the hottest.

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There are more stars than one person can count in an entire lifetime.

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What is a constellation? Constellations are totally imaginary things that poets, farmers and astronomers have made up over the past 6,000 years to help us tell which stars are which. On a really dark night you can see about 1,000 to 1,500 stars. The northern hemispheres signpost is the Big Dipper. Where did constellations come from? Farmers used the constellations to help them know when to plant and when to harvest their crops because different constellations are visible at different times of the year. There are 88 constellations. Stars do not appear to move because they are so far away from the Earth.

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axis Stars Constellation locations change by the Earth turning on its axis. This may be how it moves in the sky. Stars do move. stars Different stars can be seen in different seasons. Stars also have different colors and sizes. Stars are grouped together in patterns called constellations.

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PLANETSSTARS look like a point of light in the night sky. appear to change their positions. just a few can be seen. stars are closer to us than stars. look like a point of light in the night sky appear to not change their positions. many can be seen. do not change locations on different days. planets are further away from us than planets.

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mnemonic device Its My Very Energetic Mother Just Served Us Noodles. Thats a mnemonic device, or a way to remember (memory aid), the order of the planets. The order is: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

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Mercury

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Mercury rotatesaxis planet Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and is about the size of Earths moon. It even looks like the moon. It has the temperature range of 800.6-361.4 F. It rotates, or turns, on its axis every 58.9 days and revolves, or circles, the sun every 87.9 days. Mercury has no moons and is the smallest planet. Galileo Galilei discovered Mercury in 1610.

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If Earth had a twin it would be Venus. They are similar in size, mass, composition, and distance from the sun. However, Venus is very dry and has a thick atmosphere that transfers heat. It presses down on Earth 100 times that of Earth. Venus is the second planet from the sun, in between Mercury and Earth. Venus rotates east to west so the sun rises in the west and sets in the east (opposite of the Earth). Venus has a cloud covering it, but we know that it has vast plains covered by lava and mountains with many craters. Venus is the hottest planet with a temperature of 899.6 F. Venus has no moons or oceans. Venus has been visited by more spacecraft than any other planet. It has a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide and other poisonous gases. A space probe is an unscrewed space vehicle that carries cameras, instruments, and other research tools.

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planet inner planets satellite rotaterevolve Earth is the only planet known to have life. Its the 3 rd planet from the sun and the 5 th largest. Earth is 70% covered with oceans. The oceans have the most life (habitats). Earth is the only planet with liquid water and the largest of the inner planets. Earth has an atmosphere that protects us from meteors. The Earth was last in its present position in the milky way at the beginning of the age of Dinosaurs. The 1 st artificial satellite of Earth was Sputnik 1 U.S.S.R. Earth has one moon. It takes Earth 23.93 hours to rotate around its axis and 365.26 days to revolve around the sun. Earths atmosphere is mostly made of nitrogen and oxygen.

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Mars, the fourth planet from the sun, is known as the Red Planet because of chemical weathering of its iron rich rocks and was thought of as the most likely planet to hold life besides Earth. Mars may have held life long, long ago. They also believe that the dryness of the soil, the suns ultraviolet radiation, and the soil chemistry prevent life on Mars. Mars is most like Earth of all planets. It has polar ice caps and seasons. Mars has two moons. Mars atmosphere is carbon dioxide. Water ice was found on Mars in June 2008. Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system called Olympus Mons.

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planets InnerPlanets asteroid belt innerouter planetsAsteroids The 1 st four planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, are known as the Inner Planets and terrestrial planets, or most likely to be possible to have life, because of their rocky surfaces. There is an asteroid belt separating the inner and outer planets. Asteroids are small, rocky objects that move around the sun.

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solar systemouter planets planets Jupiter, the fifth planet from the sun, has 16 moons, a ring system of three, and a complex atmosphere. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system and outer planets. Its so big its bigger than all the other planets combined. It has an Easter egg appearance due to its many different colors. Its mostly known for its Great Red Spot, a hurricane-like storm cell so big it could swallow Earth. Its lasted for over 300 years. Galileo Galilei discovered four of Jupiters moons. Jupiter has three thin rings.

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planet outer planets planet telescope planetstelescope Saturn is the 6 th planet from the sun and one of the outer planets. Saturn is a giant, gaseous planet and has seven rings and 18 moons. Saturn is so light it could float. Wind on Saturn is 10 times stronger than a hurricane. Saturn is the most distant planet visible without a telescope, or a tool to make things in space appear closer. Galileo Galilei discovered Saturns rings in 1610. The other two planets can be seen with a telescope.

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planet cometasteroid comet Uranus has 15 moons and 11 rings. The 1 st nine were discovered in 1977. Uranus looks blue green because of methane gas in its atmosphere. Uranus is tipped on its side, maybe because of a collision with a planet sized object like a comet or asteroid. A comet is a small mass of dust of ice that orbits the sun in a oval shaped path. Sir William Herschel discovered Uranus in 1781. All the asteroids put together would make an object less than half the size of Earths moon.

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Neptune is the 8 th, and furthest planet from the sun. Johann Galle discovered Neptune in 1846. It has eight moons. It also has four rings. Neptune is aqua blue because its clouds contain methane ice crystals and has the strongest winds of any planet.

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asteroid outer planets gagiants On the other side of the asteroid belt are the outer planets. They are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. They are all large and made mostly of gases so theyre called the gas giants. They are mostly hydrogen and helium.

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Comets are dirty leftovers from the creation of our solar system about 4.5 billion years ago. Most come from a distant region called the Oort Cloud about 100,000 astronomical units from the sun. There is another belt that orbits the sun out side of Pluto called the Kuiper Belt.

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planet planets Pluto isnt a planet, but a dwarf planet because its orbit changes. It is smaller than the normal planets and it has a moon (Charon) that is close to its own size. Plutos moon is smaller than Earths moon. Pluto has never been visited by spacecraft. Pluto was discovered in 1930. Every 20 years, Pluto trades places with Neptune (is in front of Neptune). From Pluto the sun looks like a very bright star. Little heat or light reaches Pluto or its moon. Pluto is 6 billion Kilometers from the Sun.

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The sun is the only body in our solar system that gives light of its own and is the source of almost all the energy in our solar system. Its over 100 times wider than Earth. It takes up as much space as 1,000,000 (1 million) planets the size of Earth. The sun is mostly hydrogen which is basically its fuel. The sun is a star and has been shining for nearly 5,000,000,000 (5 billion) years. One revolution of the Earth around the sun is one year. Revolution is the movement of any object in an orbit. The dark areas of the sun are called sunspots which are cooler than the rest of the suns surface and do not give off much light.

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The moon is about the size of Earth. The moons outer crust was shed during its formation leaving an egg shape. That shape makes the same side face the Earth at all times. Galileo Galilei discovered the moon in 1610. The Apollo 11 mission went to the moon in 1969. There Armstrong stepped on the moon and said the famous quote, Thats one small step for man; one giant leap for mankind!

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