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BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
دانشگاه كردستاندانشكدة فني و
مهندسيگروه كامپيوتر
مباني كامپيوتر و برنامه سازي Basics of Computer and
Programming
Session 1
Basic computer principles
مفاهيم پايه كامپيوتربا تشكر از اقاي عبدالله پوري-از اساتيد سابق دانشكده فني دانشگاه كردستان- كه اساليدهاي اين بحث را به صورتي بسيار شيوا تهيه كرده اند. بنابراين با كسب
اجازه از ايشان براي اين بحث از همان اساليدها استفاده خواهد شد.
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
ComputerComputer
Hardware (Physical and visible parts)Hardware (Physical and visible parts)
SoftwareSoftware
Operating SystemsOperating SystemsDOS, WindowsDOS, Windows
Programming LanguagesProgramming LanguagesC, Pascal , Visual BasicC, Pascal , Visual Basic
Application ProgramsApplication Programs
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
Bit: Bit: Smallest information unit in computer Smallest information unit in computer
that can be that can be 00 or or 11
Byte: Byte: Complex of Complex of 88 bitsbits
Example: 10010101 Example: 10010101
1 K ilo Byte = 1 K ilo Byte = 10241024 bytesbytes
1 Mega Byte = 1 Mega Byte = 10241024 K ilo bytesK ilo bytes
1 1 GigaGiga Byte = Byte = 10241024 Mega bytesMega bytes
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
K eyboardK eyboard
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
MouseMouse
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
ScannerScanner
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
J oystickJ oystick
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
CPU
The CPU is the computer’s “brain” that manipulates data
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
CPU’s Two Basic Parts
Control unit
Arithmetic logic unit
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
Control Unit
Manages all the computer’s resources
The control unit directs the flow of data through the CPU, and to and from other devices.
The control unit stores the CPU's microcode, which contains the instructions for all the tasks
the CPU can perform.
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Performs the CPU’s arithmetic and logical operations
The actual manipulation of data takes place in the ALU.
The ALU can perform arithmetic and logic operations.
The ALU is connected to a set of registers—small memory areas in the CPU, which hold data and program instructions while they
are being processed.
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
C.P.UC.P.U
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
Inkjet
PrinterPrinter
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
PlotterPlotter
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
MonitorMonitor
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
Two kind of Primary Memory
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
More RAM = Better Performance!minimize “swapping”
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
1 0
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
PCI SlotsFor Expansion Boards
(NIC, Modem, etc).
Slots for RAM
Slot forMicroprocessor
(Pentium 4)
AGP SlotsFor VGA
Communication Ports
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
The components of a computer
ATX case and power supply Keyboard Mouse Monitor
Motherboard Processor RAM
Floppy disk drive Hard drive CD ROM CD-RW drive DVD-ROM drive
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
AGP graphics card Sound card
Speakers Network card Modem
Cable Modem or DSL
Ink Jet Printer Laser Printer Scanner Gaming or Joystick
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
Digital Camera Projectors Microphones Webcam
Drawing Tablet Uninterruptable Power Supply SOFTWARE
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
ComputerComputer
Hardware (Physical and visible parts)Hardware (Physical and visible parts)
SoftwareSoftware
Operating SystemsOperating SystemsDOS, WindowsDOS, Windows
Programming LanguagesProgramming LanguagesC, Pascal , Visual BasicC, Pascal , Visual Basic
Application ProgramsApplication Programs
The operating system (OS) is software that controls the interaction between hardware and user software
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
توسط زبانهاي برنامه نويسي نوشته مي شوند. هانرم افزار زبانهاي برنامه نويسي، يك سيستم ارتباطي هستند كه
توسط آنها مي توان دستورات الزم را به ماشين انتقال داد.
هرزبان برنامه نويسي به مجموعه أي از عاليم، قواعد ودستورالعمل ها گفته مي شود كه امكان ارتباط با كامپيوتر
را جهت بيان كاري يا حل مسئله اي فراهم مي كند.
زبانهاي سطح باالزبانهاي سطح پايين زبانهاي سطح
مياني
در حالت كلي زبانهاي برنامه نويسي را به سه دسته زير :تقسيم بندي مي كنند
Source program
Object programCompile
r
كامپايلر برنامه نوشته در يك زبان سطح باال را به برنامه .مقصد تبديل مي كند
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
Desktop
icons
Start Button
Task bar
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
محيط در شيء يك يا پوشه يك Desk Top ايجاد
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
اشياء با كار اساسي مفاهيم
Click
Double Click
Right Click
Drag and Drop
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
ويندوز در پنجره يك اجزاء
عمودی پیمایش
افقی پیمایش
عنوان نوار
منو نوارابزار نوار
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
پنجره يك اندازه تغيير
پنجره يك ( Move ) جابجايي
CopyPasteCutDelete
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
Shortcut
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
Send to
شی یک انتخاب اشیاء همه انتخاب متوالی شی چند انتخاب شی چند انتخاب
نامتوالی
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
ويندوز در ها پنجره آرايش
یا وظیفه نوار خالی فضای منوی Task Barدر در ، کرده راست کلیککنیم : می انتخاب را زیر ی گزینه سه از یکی شده ظاهر
-Cascade Windows. آبشاری : بصورت کردن مرتب -Tile Windows Horizontally : افقی بصورت کردن مرتب -Tile Windows Vertically : عمودی بصورت کردن مرتب
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
نمایش خصوصیات تنظیم
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
منوي زاج Start اي
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
چگونگي جستجوي فايل ها يا پوشه ها
به طور كلي معيار هاي زير براي يك فايل يا پوشه ميتواند انتخاب شود :
Nameالف- نام فايل يا پوشه مورد نظر
Containing Textب- متن فايل
Createdج- تاريخ ايجاد
modifiedچ- آخرين ويرايش
last accessedح- آخرين دسترسي
Typeخ- نوع فايل
sizeد- حجم فايل
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
Control Panel
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
System Tools
BY: Ghasem Mohammadi
Disk Clean Up
Disk Defragmenter