NUREMBERG TRAILS

By: Jessica Reich, Alyssa Egner & Dylan Kruse

Karl Doenitz Judge: Otto Heinrich

Kranzbühler Defense Attorney: Otto

Kranzbühler Doenitz was active in waging

aggressive war. Charged with waging

unrestricted submarine warfare contrary to the Naval Protocol of 1936 to which Germany acceded, and which reaffirmed the rules of submarine warfare laid down in the London Naval Agreement of 1930.

Outcome: the Tribunal finds Doenitz is not guilty on Count One of the Indictment and is guilty on Counts Two and Three

Hans Frank Judge: Otto Heinrich

Kranzbühler Defense Attorney: Dr. Alfred

Seidl Through use of his office as a

governor general, Frank participated in the conspiracy to commit war crimes and crimes against humanity in the territory of the general government of Poland.

On October 1st 1946 Hans Frank was sentenced to death by hanging. His execution was carried out on October 16th 1946. 

Wilhelm Frick Judge: Otto Heinrich

Kranzbühler Defense Attorney: Otto

Pannenbecker Responsible for bringing the

German Nation under the complete control of the NSDAP.

Frick drafted, signed, and administered many laws designed to eliminate Jews from German life and economy.

Conclusion: The Tribunal finds that Frick is not guilty on Count One. He is guilt on Counts Two, Three and Four.

Hans Fritzsche Judge: Otto Heinrich Kranzbühle Defense Attorney: Heinz Fritz As head of the Home Press

Division, Fritzsche supervised the German press of 2,300 daily newspapers. He held daily press conferences to deliver the directives of the Propaganda Ministry to these papers.

Fritzsche made strong propaganda statements in his broadcasts. His goal was to gain popular support of Hitler and the German war effort.

Conclusion: The Tribunal finds that Fritzsche is not guilty under this Indictment, and directs that he shall be discharged by the Marshal when the Tribunal presently adjourns.

Walther Funk Judge: Otto Heinrich

Kranzbühler Defense Attorney: Baldur von

Schirach Funk participated in the economic

planning which preceded the attack on the U.S.S.R.

Funk had participated in the early Nazi programs of economic discrimination against the Jews Funk was indirectly involved in the utilization of concentration camp labor.

Conclusion: The Tribunal finds that Funk is not guilty on Count One but is guilty under Counts Two, Three, and Four.

Hermann Goering Judge: Otto Heinrich

Kranzbühler Defense Attorney: Otto

Stahmer Devolved the Gestapo and

created the first concentration camps.

He was the director of the slave labor program and the creator of the oppressive programs against the Jews and other races

Conclusion: The Tribunal finds the defendant Goering guilty on all four counts of the Indictment.

Rudolf Hess Judge: Otto Heinrich Kranzbühler Defense Attorney: Günther von

Rohrscheidt Responsibility for handling all Party

matters, and authority to make decisions in Hitler's name on all questions of Party leadership.

Evidence shows the participation of the Party Chancellery in the distribution of orders connected with the commission of war crimes; and proposed laws discriminating against Jews and Poles; and that he signed orders forcing certain groups of Poles to accept German citizenship.

Conclusion: The Tribunal finds the defendant Hess guilty on Counts One and Two; and not guilty on Counts Three and Four.

Alfred Jodi Chief of Operations for the German High Command. Judge: Henri Donnedieu de Vabres- French Prosecution: Accused of: Conspiracy to Wage Aggressive

War, Crimes against Peace, War Crimes, Crimes against Humanity

Defendants: pleaded he was following “superior orders” Outcome: sentenced to death-Hanged October 16, 1946

Ernst Kaltenbrunner Chief of Security Police and RSHA (org that includes offices

of Gestapo, SD, and criminal Police) Judge: Justice Geoffrey Lawrence (Britain) Prosecution: Col. Amen, accused of: Crimes against peace,

War Crimes, Crimes Against Humanity. Defendants: Kurt Kaufmann, pleaded following “superior

orders”. “I have only done my duty as an intelligence organ, and I refuse to serve as an ersatz for Himmler.”

Outcome: guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, sentenced to death- hanged- October 16 1946

Wilhelm Keitel Chief of Staff of the German High Command Judge: Geoffrey Lawrence (Britain) Prosecution: accused of: Conspiracy to Wage Aggressive war,

Crimes against Peace, War Crimes, Crimes against Humanity Defendants: “superior orders” “We all believed so much in him

(Hitler) and we stand to take all the blame and the shame! He gave us the orders. He kept saying it was all his responsibility.”

Outcome: sentenced to death- hanged in the palace of Justice October 16, 1946.

Konstantin von Neurath Minister of Foreign Affairs until 1938, then Reich Protector

for Bohemia and Moravia Judge: Francis Biddle (USA) Prosecution: accused of Conspiracy to Wage Aggressive

war, Crimes against Peace, War Crimes, Crimes Against Humanity.

Defendants: Otto von Ludinghausen Outcome: 15 years in prison- released in 1954 and died 2

years later.

Franz von Papen Reich Chancellor prior to Hitler, Vice Chancellor under Hitler,

Ambassador to Turkey Judge: Geoffrey Lawrence Prosecution: Dr Kubuschok Defendants: “I tried to persuade him (Hitler) he was wrong in

his anti-Jewish policies. He listened at first but later, I had no influence on him.”

Outcome: Acquitted of charges

Erich Raeder Commander in Chief of the German Navy Judge: Geoffry Lawrence Prosecution: advocated attacks on neutral ships.

Accused of: Crimes against peace, War Crimes, Crimes against humanity

Defendants: “Naturally I will be hanged or shot; at least I request it. I have no desire to serve a prison sentence at my age.”

Outcome: sentenced to life in prison, served 9 years released in1955, died in 1960.

Joachim von Ribbentrop Foreign Minister Judge: Iola T. Nikitschenko (Russian) Prosecution: accused of: Conspiracy to Wage

Aggressive War, Crimes Against Peace, War Crimes, Crimes Against Humanity.

Defendants: “We are only living shadows-the remains of a dead era- an era that died with Hitler/ Wether a few of us live another 10 or 20 years, it makes no difference.”

Outcome: sentenced to death- hanged October 16, 1946.

Alfred Rosenberg Chief Nazi Philosopher and

Reichminister for the Eastern Occupied Territories

Principal planner in the invasion of Norway and Soviet Union and responsible for brutal conditions in Eastern Europe

Outcome: Hung on Oct 16, 1946 for war crimes (crimes against peace, wars of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity)

Fritz Sauckel

Chief of Slave Labor Recruitment Arbeitseinsatz-Forced recruitment in

order to reach increasing demands-poor working conditions and starvation

Defendant-Robert Servatius Outcome-Found guilty of war crimes,

and crimes against humanity and hung on Oct 16, 1946

Hjalmar Schacht Reichsbank Presidnet and Minister of Economics

before the War At Nuremberg he was charged with organizing an

economy for war but found not guiltycould not establish that he had been involved in a plot to

engage in aggressive war he had lost all important positions in 1937 could not have

participated in any planning for war He was later re-arrested in West Germany. He was

sentenced to eight years in prison as he was deemed to be a major offender. He appealed and on September 2nd 1948, Hjalmar Schacht was released from prison.

Baldur von Schirach Claimed he didn’t know about extermination

camps and protested about inhumane treatment of Jews.

Indicted for crimes against peace helped to build up Hitler Youth

Oct 1, 1946 found guilty for crimes against humanity sentenced to 20 years

Arthur Seyss-Inquart

Defendant-Gustav Steinbauer Outcome- charged with conspiracy to

commit Crimes against peace, wars of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity hung Oct 16, 1946

Harsh suppression of Nazi opponents and Jews, harsh treatment in the Netherlands

Albert Speer Defendants- Dr. Hans Flachsner Prosecutor- Robert Jackson Judges- 8 judges (2 Soviet 1

American) Outcome – found guilty of war

crimes sentenced to 20 years imprisonment

Took prisoners of war and foreign workers into German war industries where they starved

Julius Streicher

Outcome Speeches and articles

about hatred of the Jews were an “accessory to murder”

Found guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced to death Oct 1, 1946

Works Cited http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/JudgeHess.html http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/JudgeDoenitz.html http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/Frank1.html#Crimes http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/hans_frank.htm http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/JudgeFritzsche.html http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/JudgeFunk.html http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/JudgeGoering.html http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/JudgeFrick.html http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/alfred-rosenberg-is-executed http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/hjalmar_schacht.htm "The Nazi Defendants in the Major War Criminal Trial in Nuremberg." The Nazi

Defendants in the Major War Criminal Trial in Nuremberg. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.

"The Accused of the Nuremberg Trial." The Accused of the Nuremberg Trial. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.

"The Nuremberg Trials." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Council, n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.

"RECOGNIZE SOMEONE?" Photo Archives. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.