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CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM &DIFFICILE. BY, J.SUKESH KUMAR, ROLL NO:29. Clostridium botulinum. Scientific classsification. Domain : bacteria Division : firmicutes Class : clostridia Order : clostridiales Family : clostridiaceae Genus : clostridium Species : botulinum. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM &DIFFICILE
Clostridium botulinum
Scientific classsification. Domain : bacteria
Division : firmicutes
Class : clostridia
Order : clostridiales
Family : clostridiaceae
Genus : clostridium
Species : botulinum
Introduction & morphology.
it was first isolated by emile van ermengem.
It was a gram positive,rod shaped.
It is an obligate anerobe,however tolerates traces of oxygen due to the presence of an enzyme called super oxide dismutase (SOD),which is an anti-oxidant.
Cont……….
It is a spore former producing oval,sub-terminal bulging endospores.
It is motile by peritrichate flagella.
It is non capsulated.
It is about 5 x 1 micro meters in size.
Habitat it is a saprophyte growing in
soil,vegetables,animal manure and sea mud.
Cultural characterstics
Optimum temperature is 35 deg celcius.
Growth occurs on ordinary media.
Colonies are--- large irregular semi-transparent with fimbriate border.
Spores are produced consistantly when grown on alkaline glucose gelatin media.
Classification eight types have been
identified(A,B,C1,C2,D,E,F,G)
Classified based on the immunological differences in the toxins produced by them.
all types produce neuro toxins except C2 which produce enterotoxin.
Toxin
It produces an exotoxin.
It is initially a non toxic pro-toxin which becomes active by action of trypsin.
MW is 70000.
Lethal dose for humans is 1-2 mic gm.
It is a neurotoxin.
It leads to dysphagia,diplopia,disarthria.
Death is caused by respiratory paralysis.
Pathogenicity It causes botulism a paralytic disease
Food borne:- source is usually preserved foods.
Symptoms include vomiting,thirst, constipation,dysphagia.
Death is due to respiratory failure &occurs 1-7 days after onset.
Wound botulism:- Mainly due to wound infection with
cl.botulinum.
Symptoms are Similar to food borne except for GIT components which are absent.
Infant botulism It occurs in infants below six months.
Manifestations are constipation, poor feeding,Lethargy,weakness,altered cry,loss of head control.
patients excreate toxin&spores in faeces.
It produces SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME(SIDS).
Lab diagnosis Demonstration of bacillus in food or faeces.
Typing is done by passive protection with type specific anti toxin.
Occasionally can be demonstrable in patients blood,or in liver in postmortem.
Control Proper canning and preservation.
Prophylactic dose of antitoxin during out breaks.
Active immunisation in lab workers is effective.
Clostridium difficile
It was first isolated from faeces of newborn infants.
Morphology
It is long, slender, gram positive bacillus.
It is non hemolytic,saccharolytic,&weakly proteolytic.
Pathogenesis
Antibiotic colitis is due to active multiplication of cl difficile and its production of entero toxin &cytotoxin.
Lab diagnosis
Demonstration of the toxin in feces of the patients by its characterstic HEP-2 and human diploid cell cultures or by ELISA.
The toxin is neutralised by CL SORDELLI anti toxin.
Treatment Metronidazole is the drug of choice Vancomycin and bacitracin are also
useful
Thank you