BY124 Exam 1 Learning Objectives

7/26/2019 BY124 Exam 1 Learning Objectives

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BY 124 Exam 1 Learning Objectives

Chapter 29

1. Describe four shared derived homologies that link charophyceans and land plants

a. In plasma membrane, r! shape" cmplex !here cell#lse is ma"e

b. $erxisme en%&mes' minimi%e lss ( rganic material "#ring phts&nthesisc. )lagellate" sperm

". )rmatin ( pragmplast !hich (rms b*t the "a#ghter n#clei ( a "iving cell. + cell plate then

"evelps in the mi""le ( the pragmplast, acrss the mi"line ( the "iving cell

2. Describe the five characteristics that distinguish land plant from charophycean algae. Explain how

these features are adaptive for life on land.

a. +pical meristem

i. Embr&nic tiss#e lie stem cells. -here plants gr! (rm at sht an" rts

b. +lternatin ( generatini. #tlicell. /ipli" sprph&te 02

ii. #lticell. 3apli" gametph&te 0

c. -alle" spres in the sprangia". #lticell#lar gametangia

i. )emale archegnia

ii. ale antheri"iaiii. )ertili%atin cc#rs in the (emale part. 5perm has t travel.

e. #lticell#ar, "epen"ent embr&s

i. Embr& an" placental trans(er cell0lie a placenta

3. Define and distinguish among the stages of the alteration of generations life cycle.

4. ist and distinguish among the three phyla of bryophytes. !riefly describe the characteristics of

each group.

a. $. Br&ph&ta

i. Cmmn name6 msses. 3ave stemlie appearance an" are hmspr#s 0&iel"s

bisex#al spre6 t! sexes n ne plantii. 3apli" "minant

b. $. 3epatph&ta

i. Cmmn name6 liver!rts

ii. )lattene" lea( lie appearance, hmspr#s, can repr"#ce asex#all& b& pr"#cing

gemmae0c#p lie str#ct#res !hich can (rm a ne! plant

c. $. +nthcerph&ta

i. Cmmn name6 hrn!rts, mre clsel& relate" t the vasc#lar plants, hmspr#s

". Distinguish between the phylum !ryophyta and the bryophytes.Br&ph&tes are the general name (r all nnvasc#lar plants. Br&ph&ta is the ph&l#m (r msses.

#. Distinguish between nonvascular and vascular plants.

7asc#lar plants have vasc#lar tiss#e' x&lem 0bring in !ater thr#gh rts t tp ( plant an"

phlem 0bi"irectinal, tiss#e that transprts s#gars

$. Explain why most bryophytes grow close to the ground. %hy do they need water&

8he& "nt have vasc#lar tiss#e. 8he& nee" !ater beca#se sperm is (lagellate"

'. Diagram the life cycle of a bryophyte. abel the gametophyte and sporophyte stages and the

locations of gamete production( fertili)ation( and spore production.


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*. %hat obstacles did plants have to overcome to be fully adapted to land&

a. -ater lss0evapratin : rts an" c#ticle evlve" 0!ax& cating n lea(, stmata hl" CO2b. ;ravit& #se vasc#lar s&stem (r s#pprt, cell !all, central vac#le, lignin 0maes plants t#gh

lie !"

c. 5perm < Egg "istrib#tin ( sperm thr#gh pllinatrs, eep %&gte in (emale part 0help

prevent (rm "r&ing #t". $re"atrs : ba" taste, spine, pigments, txins, thrns

e. 5#nlight 0=7 ra"iatin pigments that help prtect plant "na (rm ra"iatin

(. >&lem carries !ater? phlem carries n#trients

1+. Distinguish between the homosporous and heterosporous conditions. ,now the examples of each.

5ee ntes

11. Describe the four ma-or periods of plant evolution.

Origin ( lan" plantsOrigin ( vasc#lar plants

Origin ( extant see" plants

Origin ( (l!ers

12. sing the classification scheme presented in the text( list the plant phyla( give the common name

for each/ and categori)e them into nonvascular( seedless vascular( and seed vascular plants.

0on ascular ascular

eedless eed

ymnosperm

0aked seed5ngiosperm flowering plants6

Br&ph&ta0msses L&cph&ta 0cl#bmsses r

gr#n" pine

Cni(erph&ta +nthph&ta 0mnct&le"naean" "ict&le"nae0e#"icts

3epatph&ta

0liver!rts

nilph&ta

0(erns, hrsetail,

!his (erns

;ingph&ta

+nthcerph&ta

0hrn!rts

C&ca"ph&ta

;netph&ta

13. Explain why seedless vascular plants are most commonly found near water.

14. ist two phyla of seedless plants. %hat are their common names& ee chart

1". Diagram the life cycle of a fern. 7ow does it differ from the mosses&


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1@. /isting#ish amng spre, sprph&ll, sprph&te an" sprangi#m.

Chapter A

1. /escribe the a"aptatins ( see" plants that have cntrib#te" t their s#ccess n lan".

2. Cmpare the si%e an" in"epen"ence ( the gametph&tes ( br&ph&tes !ith thse ( see" plants.

A. /escribe the v#le ( a see" plant.

4. Cntrast the male gametph&te ( br&ph&tes !ith thse ( see" plants.

. Explain !h& pllen grains !ere an imprtant a"aptatin (r s#ccess(#l repr"#ctin n lan".

@. Cmpare spres !ith see"s as "ispersal stage in plant li(e c&cles.

D. List the (#r ph&la ( g&mnsperms an" their cmmn names

. /iagram the li(e c&cle ( the pine. In"icate !hich str#ct#res are part ( the gametph&te generatin an"

!hich are part ( the sprph&te generatin.

9. /isc#ss the majr "i((erence in the li(e c&cle ( (erns an" pines.


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1. /escribe a pine see" an" in"icate !hich str#ct#res are l" sprph&te, gametph&te an" ne!

sprph&te.

11. Be able t "isting#ish the parts ( a (l!er. -hat is the (#nctin ( eachF

12. /e(ine (r#it. Explain h! (r#its ma& be a"apte" t "isperse see"s.

1A. /iagram the generali%e" li(e c&cle ( an angisperm. Gn! all the parts.

14. /escribe the rle ( the generative cell an" the t#be cell !ithin the angisperm pllen grain.

1. Explain the prcess an" (#nctin ( "#ble (ertili%atin

1@. Explain h! the pine li(e c&cle "i((ers (rm an angisperm

1D. /isting#ish bet!een mncts an" e#"icts.

1. Explain h! animals ma& have in(l#ence" the evl#tin ( terrestrial plants an" vice versa.

Chapter A

Chapter A@

Chapter AD

1. Distinguish between macronutrient and micronutrients. ive two examples of each and their

function

acrn#trient : nee" a cnsi"erable am#nt 0C,3,, gH ' cmpnent in chlrph&ll. $hsphr#s,

s#l(#r CaH

icrn#trient : nee" a small am#nt 0Irn phts&nthesis


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2. ,now the general formula for photosynthesis. 7ow does the plant obtain what it needs to do

photosynthesis.6CO

2+6H

2O+ light energyC

6H

12O

6+6O

2

A. %hat are the three numbers listed on fertili)ers&$G 0itrgen, $hsphr#s, $tassi#m

4. %hat is cation exchange& %hy is it important for plants&

". !e able to explain nitrogen fixation in plants and what bacteria are involved.

itrgen is ver& imprtant? (r prteins an" n#cleic aci"s. $lants can nt #se atmspheric nitrgen 02

in stmata. itrate an" nitrgen#s rganic mlec#les exprte" in x&lem t sht s&stem.

a. itrgen(ixing bacteria : taes atmspheric nitrgen 2 an" cnvert t 3A

b. +mmni(&ing bacteria

c. itri(&ing bacteria

#. 7ow does the plant make sure that the correct species of bacteria enters its roots&

)rm the rts the plant secretes (lavni" an" ges int bacteria int the " / prtein 0(rming thetranscriptin (actr, then t a reg#latr& gene t a " (actr an" ges #t ( bacteria. Bac int the

sil !here activatin ( earl& n"#lin genes, lea"ing t (rmatin ( in(ectin threa"0rt hairs an"

prli(eratin ( crtical cells.

a. hi%bi#m : main gen#s ( nitrgen (ixing bacteria that plants !ant.

$. Describe how the plant root forms the nodule for the bacteroid.

"#les hme t bacteria that help plants get nitrgen.

a. 8ae bacteria int rts an" (rms n"#les

a. Call bacteri"s 0!*in vesicle !hen bacteria slel& resi"es insi"e ( plant.

'. nderstand why the relationship b8t the bacteria and the plant is mutualistic.

8he hi%bi#m prvi"es the plant !ith nitrgen an" the plant prvi"es the bacteria !ith s#gars (rm

phts&nthesis.*. %hat is the function of leghemoglobin&

Bacteria an" plants (rm this #niJ#e prtein. It hl"s x&gen s it is nt (ree th#s it cant inhibit nitrgenase

0invlve" in cnverting nitrgen an" is easil& inhibite" b& x&gen. Yet it hl"s x&gen s that x&gen is

available (r cell#lar respiratin.

1+. Describe the mutualistic relationship b8t plants and fungi. %hat does each contribute to the

relationship&

&crrhi%ae : h&phae !rap ar#n" rts ( plants exchanging !ater an" minerals (rm the sil (r

s#gars that the plant pr"#ces in phts&nthesis.

a. )#ng#s brea"!n st#(( in sil that plants nee"b. Increase 5+ t increase !ater #ptaec. Can get phsphr#s 0 energ&0+8$, /+ 0n#cleic aci"s

". )#ng#s can pr"#ce gr!th (actrs

e. +ntibitics 0penecilin t rts an" plants t help get ri" ( #n!ante" bacteria

Ectm&crrhi%ae

+rb#sc#lar m&crrhi%ae

11. !e able to define and give an example of each of the modifications for nutrition of plants.


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5. 9arasitic : ca#ses plant it is living n harm 0ex' istlete 0a phts&nthetic parasite, In"ain $ipe,

/""er

!. ;arnivorous : /igests insects (r nitrgen6 exseletn ( insect 0chitin brea"!n?Ex' ven#s

(l&traps , pitcher plants, s#n"e!

;. Epiphytes : live n ther plants b#t "esnt harm them 0ex' rchi", 5panish mss #s#all& #se" (r

s#pprt

12. Describe how carnivorous plant use proton pumps to capture their prey.

Chapter A9

1.


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". 5ccording to the acid>growth hypothesis( explain how auxin can initiate cell elongation.

#. %hat is the main form of auxin&

In"leacetic aci"

$. Describe the effects of auxins on the following?

5. ravitropism

!. ateral buds

;. 5pical growth

D.


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14. Differentiate b8t the following terms

5. Chigmotropism

!. Chigmomorphogenesis

1". %hy are trees that grow on windy mountains stunted in their growth&

1#. Describe the difference b8t rapid leaf movement and sleep movements

1$. Describe how motor organs within pulvini can cause rapid leaf movements and sleep movements.

1'. Define photoperiodism.

1*. Distinguish among short>day plants( and day>neutral plants/ give common examples of each and

explain how they depend upon critical night length.

2+. Explain how the interconversion of phytochrome can act as a switching mechanism to help plants

detect sunlight and trigger any plant responses to light.

21. %hat other factors are involved in flowering&

22. %hat evidence support the existence of a flowering hormone&

2A. !e able to explain

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BY124 Exam 1 Learning Objectives