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Byzantine Empire 6th Century
Emperor Justinian, r. 527-565 CE
Mosaic from the church of St. Vitale, Ravenna, Italy
Hagia Sophie, Istanbul c. 530 CE
The Crusades
Four Bronze Horses of St. Mark’s Basilica, Venice
Pilfered from Constantinople in 1204
Saints Cyril and Methodius c. 850
The Cyrillic Alphabet
Hagia Sophia in Kiev, c. 1040
Saint Basil’s in Moscow, c. 1560
Baptism of Vladimir of Kiev, 989
from a 19th century painting
Mongol Expansion 1206-1259
Travels of Marco Polo (1271-95)
Kublai Khan, 1271-1294
Tamerlane's empire about 1405 C.E.
Russian Expansion 1450-1905
Ivan III and Ivan IV, Grand Princes of Muscovy
The Great Schism, 1054
Baptism of the Frankish King Clovis, 496 CE
Frankish King Charlemagne as Roman Emperor c. 800 CE
Frankish Kingdom under Charlemagne
Charlemagne’s Palace Chapel at Aachen
Viking Expansion
c. 800-1000 CE
Oseberg Viking Longship c. 820
William the Conqueror of Normandy invades England, 1066
The Investiture Controversy 1076-77
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Pope Gregory VI
Holy Roman Empire c. 1789
The States of Italy, c. 1450
The Reconquista
Those who fight
Those who work
Those who pray
Improvements in Medieval
Agriculture
• Three-field system
• Padded horse collar and horse shoe
• Heavy wheeled mouldboard plow
The Manorial System and Three-field Crop Rotation
The scratch plow of the ancient Mediterranean world
Padded horse collar
Heavy wheeled mouldboard plow of the Northern Europe
The walled medieval town: Carcassonne
Florence: Urban Revival in the High Middle Ages
Trade in Northern Europe: The Hanseatic League
c. 1400
Jan van Eyck, Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife, 1434
St. Francis of Assisi 1182-1226