BYZANTINE & MUSLIM EMPIRES

Chapter 10

The Byzantine Empire

OBJECTIVES: Discover how Constantinople became so

powerful Discover the achievements of the age of

Justinian

Byzantine Empire (Constantine) Greek Fire Why Constantinople was located where it

was (trade center) Constantine's capital Good Emperors account for some of the

success Medieval times (period of time following

the fall of the western half of the Roman empire, 476 A.D. to about 1500 A.D.)

Age of Justinian

As Rome fell, Constantinople got stronger

In a line of many great rulers, Justinian was one of the greatest

Born poor, it gave him the ability to listen to all people

Justinian’s code (fixed the contradictory Roman laws)

Byzantine Culture

Kept copies of all ancient Greek and Roman works, mixed with Christian ideas it made Constantinople a very knowledge rich area

When the empire declined the documents were taken to Italy and helped start the renaissance

Why would they take them to Italy?

The later Years of the Empire The Great Schism (split) (due to an argument

between Rome’s Pope and the Emperor of Constantinople)

Greek (eastern orthodox) Christians and Roman Catholic Christians

Second Golden age The fall (Attacks from the North “Russians” the

West “Christian Crusaders” and the East “Turks and Muslims”)

Constantinople fell and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire (Name changed to Istanbul)

Check For Understanding

Pg 289 1 A/B 2 A/B 3 A/B

Start of Islam

The Prophet Muhammad Messenger to the people Started in the Arabian Peninsula Taught to worship 1 God (Poly or Mono?) After Muhammad’s death the religion

spread

Arabian Peninsula

Life Support Bedouins (nomadic desert people) Became guides for Caravans

MECCA

Was an important trading post turned city

People travelled from the Mecca to other places

Muhammad

Travelling Merchant trader Went to the mountains to pray alone At age 40 God spoke to him through an

angel Followers of Muhammad became known

as Muslims Muslims religion or a person who

“submits” became known as a member of Islam

People go to the Mecca to pray to Kaaba

Hijra

Hijra means “the migration” The city of Yathrib changed to Medina

“city of the prophet” in 622 Became year 1 on the Muslim calendar

Muslim Beliefs

Muezzin (myoo ez in) Pray 5 times a day to Allah Mosque There is only one God They kneel and face toward the Mecca

The 5 Pillars of Islam

The Quran

Islamic Bible Lists Muhammad’s conversations with

God Includes stories, promises, warnings, and

instructions They show respect to Jews and

Christians as “people of the book”

Role of Women

Before Islam Quran Taught:

Women are spiritually equal Women could own or inherit property Women could be educated Women would not be forced to marry Women could divorce

Muslim Split

The Muslim leader Uthman was assassinated and a debate over who would lead ensued

2 new groups Shiites- felt the new leader should be a

direct descendent of Muhammad Sunnis- any truly religious man who

followed Muhammad could be the leader (85% of Muslims are Sunnis)

USING YOUR NOTES….

1- What geographic feature covers most of the Arabian Peninsula?

2- How did geography (the lay of the land) effect settlement?

3-Why were the Bedouins nomads? 4-What was the main event in

Muhammad's life?

Muslim Civilization

Objectives: How did Islam Spread? What was the Golden Age of Islam under

the rule of the caliphs Learn about the Ottoman Empire

Omar Khayyam

Persia was a center for math, science, and poetry

Omar- most famous mathematician in the world at that time, as well as a leading astronomer

Omar’s time was considered the golden age of the Muslim civilization….why?

The Spread of Islam

Within 150 years after Muhammad's death, Islam spread into Africa, Spain, Persia, and Northern India and China

Arab merchants (travel) Military conquests Spread halted when European forces cut

them off in Spain

Reasons for Success

During Muhammad's time the surrounding empires were to strong

After Muhammad the Byzantine and Persian empires were to weak to stop the Muslim expansion

Golden Age

800-1100 Reason for the Golden Age

Caliphs (good leadership) Conquered and Controlled land though

trade Strong military Location of the capital

Baghdad

Major Achievements

Math- advanced arithmetic, invented algebra

Medical- organized multiple theories of medicine into one book called Canon of Medicine

Literature- poetry and writing were very important, many works are around even today

Sufis- Muslim who believed they drew close to God through prayer and fasting

The Ottoman Empire

As the Caliphs declined other groups gained power

The Ottoman (Muslim Turks and Mongols) took over Baghdad and then conquered what was left of the Byzantines at Constantinople as well as Greece.

Sultan- Ottoman ruler Jews and Christians lived under Ottoman

rule and were allowed to practice their religion freely