C Collins PRIMARY

Grammar and PunctuationPupil Book 1Louis Fidge

C Collins PRIMARYFOCUSk A

Grammar and PunctuationPupil Book 1

Louis Fidge

Contents

Unit1 Writing sentences2 Verbs (1)3 Nouns (1)4 Adjectives (1)5 Speech marks6 Articles (a or an)7 Verbs (2)8 Nouns (2)9 Adjectives (2)

10 Prepositions Progress Unit A11 Proper nouns12 Paragraphs13 Verbs (past and present tenses)14 Using commas15 Singular and plural16 Exclamation marks17 Connectives18 Verbs (to be)19 Revision: nouns, verbs, adjectives20 Grammar and punctuation Progress Unit B

Writing sentences

A sentence is a group of words that makes sense on its own. A sentence starts with a capital letter.Most sentences end with a full stop.

The caterpillar is eating a leaf.This is a sentence.It makes sense.

wiggling up and downThis is not a sentence.It does not make sense on its own.

Getting startedWhich of these are sentences? Copy only the sentences.1. Most caterpillars are green.2. A spider has eight legs.3. in the night4. Snails live in shells.5. is very sunny6. A fly has wings.7. like a star8. Worms live under the ground.

Match the beginning and ending of each sentence. Write each complete sentence.The first one has been done to help you.1. A b ird ------ fly at night.2. Frogs S. has prickles.3. A hedgehog — flies in the sky.4. Bats moves very slowly.5. A tortoise change into butterflies.6. Caterpillars live in ponds.

\. A bird flies in the sky.

[ Practise your punctuation • 3 • •

Arrange these words so that they make sentences. Remember to put in the capital letters and full1 . sting wasps2. are busy ants always3. grow frogs tadpoles into4. a tail mouse a long has5. noise bees a buzzing make6. their spiders catch in webs insects

if

A verb is a word that describes actions.A verb tells us what someone is doing or what is happening.

Verbs (1)

The farmer drives his tractor.

/This is a verb. It tells us what the farmer is doing.

Getting startedCopy these sentences.Underline the verb in each sentence. The first one has been done to help you.1. The girl digs the garden.

2. She plants some seeds.

3. The girl waters the seeds.

4. The seeds grow into lovely flowers.

5. The girl picks the flowers.

6. She gives the flowers to her Gran.

Choose a verb from the box to complete each sentence.

sells paints climbs works teaches mends types flies

1. A fa rm er__________on a farm.

2. A p ilo t__________aeroplanes.

3. A baker__________bread and cakes.

4. A secretary__________letters.

5. A mountaineer__________mountains.

6. A p lum ber__________burst pipes.

7. A teacher__________children.

8. An a rtis t__________pictures.

Practise your punctuation1. Write these sentences correctly.

Remember to put in the capital letters and full stops.a) one day a farmer was digging his field

b) it was hot work

c) suddenly his spade hit something hard

d) the farmer dug faster

e) he found a small wooden box

f) the farmer opened the box

2. Underline the verb in each sentence.

3. Now write a sentence about what the farmer found in the box. Try to think of something surprising.

Nouns (1)

A noun is a naming word.

tree cow field _ gate hedge

These five words are the names of things. They are all nouns.

Getting startedAll these things come from cows.

milk cheese butter cream ice cream

Copy these sentences. Choose a noun from the box to fill each gap.1. I sp read__________on my bread.2. Vanilla is my favourite flavour o f_________ .3. I like to drink a glass o f_________ .4. Strawberries a n d __________are lovely.5. You can p u t__________in a sandwich.

1. Copy these sentences. There are two nouns in each sentence. Underline each noun.a) Hens lay eggs.b) The horse ran out of the stable.c) Wool comes from sheep.d) The cat chased a mouse.

2. Copy this table.Write the names of five different animals in each column.

Animals you can keep as pets Farm animals

........................ aWild animals

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v J

3. Write three sentences.Use a noun from every column in each sentence.

Practise your punctuation ts”Match a verb to each noun to make sentences.The first one has been done to help you.Remember to use a capital letter and a full stop in each sentence. Cows moo.

Nouns Verbscows dogs bray moocats birds bleat neighmice sheep sing mew

horses donkeys squeak bark

Adjectives (1)

An adjective is a describing word. Adjectives tell us more about nouns.

a white goose an enormous nest a golden egg

These three words are adjectives. They tell us more about the nouns. \

Getting started

Jack saw an He hid from the Jack stole theold castle. fierce giant. bag of gold coins.

Copy these sentences. Underline the adjective

2.

in each

3.

Jack sold the brown cow.

He planted the magic beans.

Jack climbed the tall beanstalk.

sentence.

1. Copy these sentences.Choose the correct adjective to fill each gap.a) The bridge w a s_________ . (loud, wooden, soft)b) The river w a s . (wide, sharp, new)c) The forest w a s . (fat, high, dark)

\

2. Now write five sentences using the adjectives in the box.

sad funny soft muddy hungry

1. Copy these sentences about a clown.Put in the capital letters and fuii stops.a) the funny clown had a red noseb) he wore a yellow jacket and baggy trousersc) the clown had long legs and big bootsd) his tall hat had a pink feather in it

2. Now underline all the adjectives in the sentences.

Q

Speech marks

Speech marks and speech bubbles show that someone is speaking.

I like to watch television in the evenings.

Mr Samir said, "I like to watch television in the evenings."

We write what the person says inside the speech marks

Getting started

I will put away the books. I will tidy up

the cupboard

I will clean the brushes

I will feed the rabbit

Write what each of the children said.1. Ahmed said, “___________ ■’2. Bami said, “_______________________________ ■”3 . ,” said James.4. “ ,” said Lucy.

m

Complete these conversations.Answer each question inside the speech marks.1.

2.

3.

Where is my t-shirt?” Sophie asked._______________________________her mum answered.What would you like for your birthday?” Mrs Jenkins asked._______________________________replied John.Why have you got an umbrella?” the man asked. _______________________________ the woman said.

4. The driver asked, “ How do I get to the High Street?” The girl said, “_______________________________ .”

\

Practise your punctuation • I • I

Copy these sentences. Put in the missing speech marks.1. Can you come out to play? Colin asked.2. I cannot find my tie anywhere, Mr Bentall grumbled.3. Be quick or we will miss the bus, called Laila.4. Your tea is on the table, Mrs Carter said to her son.5. The weather is horrible today, complained Mr Shah.

Articles (a or an)

We use an in front of a word that begins with a vowel.There are five vowels: a e i o u

We use a in front of a word that begins with a consonant.All letters that are not vowels are called consonants.

, / a bananax

\

}( an banana

Getting startedWrite a or an before each of these nouns.

y an apple

Try changing the a and the an around.

a apple

The words don’t sound right.

1. Write a or an in front of each of these adjectives.Then think of a noun to go with each adjective.The first one has been done to help you.a) cm exciting adventure b )___h o t__________c ) o ld _______________ d ) _lo n g ______e ) c leve r______________ f)________interesting _g ) p re tty______________ h )__am azing__

2. Now use four of your answers to write four sentences.

Practise your punctuation » 9 I CC $$ • 5 t .

1. Write each sentence correctly adding a or an to fill each gap. Don’t forget to add the missing capital letters and punctuation.a) do you want to have apricot for lunchb) the bee flew in to open windowc ) donkey carried the climber’s bags on its backd) where can we b u y map from? asked the walkere ) pair of glasses were found in the grassf) look at the bird perched on the back o f elephant, said amil

2. Write two of your own sentences, one using a and one using an. Remember to punctuate your sentences correctly.

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Getting started

Verbs (2)

Remember, a verb tells us what someone is doing or what is happening

What is Sam doing? Sam is singing.

Sometimes verbs can be made up of more than one word

What are the children doing?Copy the verbs that describe what the children are doing

playing singingpainting dancinglaughing reading

shouting sleepingdrinking eatinghiding skipping

sittingwriting

jumping

Copy these sentences. Choose a verb from the box to fill each gap.

eating reading watching barking drinking delivering looking

1. Tom is _________ television.2. S a m is _________out of the window.3. The baby is __________her dinner.4. The postman is _________ some letters.5. The dog is __________at the postman.6. Mrs Green is __________a newspaper.7. The cat is __________a bowl of milk.

Practise your punctuation1. Every sentence must have a verb in it.

Add a verb and write each sentence correctly.The first one has been done to help you.Remember to use capital letters and full stops correctly.a) the footballer the ball

The footballer is kicking the ball.

b) the baker some breadc) a boy over the walld) a pilot an aeroplanee) the girl her bike

Underline the verb in each of your sentences.

2.

B

Nouns (2)

Remember, a noun is a naming word.

teacher schoolA noun is the name of a person, place or thing.

window\

\

\

Getting started1. Choose a noun from the box to fill each gap.

The first one has been done to help you.

stable pond shell nest den burrow web hive

a) An ant lives in a nestb) A rabbit lives in a _____c) A bee lives in a _______d) A horse lives in a _____e) A snail lives in a ______f) A spider lives in a _____g) A lion lives in a _______h) A frog lives in a _______

2. Now underline the two nouns in each sentence.

Here are some groups of nouns. Underline the odd one out. Explain your answer. The first one has been done to help you.1. horse sheep bus cow

Bus is the odd one out.The others are all names of animals.

2 . apple shoe boot trainer3. potato bicycle carrot cabbage4. guitar trumpet piano computer5. knife fork plate spoon6. teacher dentist doctor rabbit

Practise your punctuation1. Write a question to go with each answer.

The first one has been done to help you.Remember to put in the capital letters and question marks.a) Question: What does a cow eat?

It eats grass.Answer:b) Question:

Answer:c) Question:

Answer:

It is yellow.

It is an insect.

2. Underline all the nouns in your questions.

Getting started

Adjectives (2)

a glass slipper a long nose fierce dragons

9.

Remember, an adjective is a describing word.

a rich king an angry elf

/ xa sharp needle

a happy girl a frightened girl a grumpy girl

These adjectives describe the girl. They tell us more about her.

Copy these descriptions. Underline the adjective in each one. The first one has been done to help you.

the tall giant shiny apples an open door

6.

Now try these1. Choose an adjective from the box to fill each gap.

The first one has been done to help you.

bright sharp soft big long green black pointed

a) Patch was a big black cat.b) He h a d _________ fur and a __________ tail.c) His eyes w ere_________ a n d __________ .d) His ears w ere_________ .e) Patch h a d __________claws.

2. Write the letters of the alphabet down the side of a page.Think of adjectives to describe the Alphabet Cat.Don’t worry if you can’t think of one for every letter.

The Alphabet Cat

A an amazing cat B a brave cat

Practise your punctuation1. Finish each sentence with an ending that

uses as many adjectives as possible. Remember to use capital lettersand full stops correctly.a) The lovely princess ...b) The old lady ...c) One day, a white rabbit ...

2. Underline all the adjectives in your sentences.

• j • •

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Prepositions

A preposition is a word that tells us the position of one thing in relation to another.

The mouse hid under a bush.

The lion wasin a net.

The prepositions tell us where the lion and the mouse were.

Getting startedCopy these sentences. Underline the preposition in each one.

The monkey climbed up the rope.

The crocodile went into the river.

The squirrel jumped off the wall.

The lion is standing by the tree.

I lF ^ l 11—ir— ill

The helicopter is above the house.

The mouse is on the chair.

1. Copy these sentences. Think of a preposition to fill each gap.a) The mouse ra n __________a hole.b) The wind blew the man’s h a t his head.c) The silly boy ra n __________the road without looking.d) Youssef h id __________a tree.e) The burglar c lim bed the fence.f) The train sp e d __________the tunnel.

2. Write five sentences using the prepositions in the box.

beside between below behind beneath

Practise your punctuation1. Arrange these words so that they make sentences.

Remember to use capital letters and full stops.a) wood through a walked fox ab) up mouse a the clock ranc) is money pocket the my ind) wall ball sam over the kicked thee) the hidden some rock treasure is under

2. Underline the preposition in each sentence.

Progress Unit A

1. Complete the sentence about each picture.Choose a preposition from the box to say where the aeroplane is.

above in below

a) The aeroplane is _________ the hangar.

b) The aeroplane is _________ the helicopter.

c) The aeroplane is _________ the clouds.

2. Choose a or an to fill each gap.a ) ambulance b )___dinosaurd ) orange e )___ red pen

3. Copy this table.Write the nouns from the box in the correct columns.

Things we wear Things we read Things we eat

v J

sock newspaper cake eggs shoes bookcomic jumper bread magazine apple coat

c ) cakef) duck

4. Think of a noun to go with each adjective.a) a ta l l_________ b) a heavy_________ c) a sharpd) a re d e) a w e t_________ f) a dark _g) an u g ly_________ h) a ye llo w i) a sweet

5. Write a sentence about each picture. Circle the nouns. Underline the verbs. The first one has been done to help you.a) crocodile b) frog c) eagle

a) The (crocodile) is crawling.

d) shark e) koala

6. Copy these sentences.Think of a verb to fill each gap.

S am __________off the television. S he__________her mum a kiss

a n d __________the dog. Then S am _________ upstairs.

S he off her clothes a n d _________ on her nightdress.S he__________her face a n d __________her teeth. S am _________

into bed a n d __________a book. Soon sh e __________ asleep.

Proper nouns

A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place or thing. The names of days, months and special times are proper nouns.

E g a lt a o n a h . Christmas partVM m Please come 0ecerTlber.

on 5aturday, '$x

Uove, Z.°e

Remember that proper nouns always begin with capital letters.

Getting startedWrite the lines of this poem in the correct order. Begin the name of each day with a capital letter. The first line has been done to help you.

tuesday’s child spits apple pips, thursday’s child eats the most.Saturday’s child is very rude, monday’s child eats fish and chips.Wednesday’s child eats beans on toast, friday’s child is full of food.But a child who is born on a Sunday has sunshine for dinner every day.

Monday's child eats fish and chips.

1. Here are the names of the months in alphabetical order.Write them in the correct order, starting with January.Begin each one with a capital letter.

april august december february january july june march may november October September

2. Read this poem and then answer the

Thirty days hath September,April, June and November.All the rest have thirty-one Except for February alone And that has twenty-eight days clear And twenty-nine in each leap year.

a) Which months have thirty days?b) Which months have thirty-one daysc) Which is the shortest month?

[ Practise your punctuation 9 9 CC 991 • 9 ® •

Copy these sentences, putting in all the capital letters and full stops.1. Christians celebrate Christmas in december2 . jews celebrate hanukkah in december3. muslims celebrate eid in either february

or march4. hindus celebrate diwali in either October

or november5. sikhs celebrate baisakhi in april6. buddhists celebrate wesak in may or june

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Paragraphs

A paragraph is a group of sentences that are about an idea or topic. A long piece of writing is easier to read if paragraphs are used.

Yesterday we went to the zoo. Dad drove us in our car. The journey was very long and boring. As soon as we arrived we could see giraffes looking at us over the hedge and monkeys jumping around on their ropes.We quickly got out of the car and started looking around.

The first paragraphis about going to the zoo.The second paragraphis about arriving at the zoo.

We begin a new paragraph by starting the first line a little way in.

Yesterday we went to the zoo.Dad drove us in our car. The journey was very long and boring.

As soon as we arrived we could see giraffes looking at us over the hedge and monkeys jumping around on their ropes. We quickly got out of the car and started looking around.

Getting startedWrite a new paragraph to add to the recount about the zoo. Pretend you are the child at the zoo.Write about what you saw and what you did.

Look at these pictures.Write a short paragraph describing each one.Remember to start the first line of each paragraph a little way in.

Practise your punctuationWrite these sentences as two paragraphs.Decide where to start the second paragraph.Put in the capital letters and full stops.fido was found by the police on the streethe was taken to the police stationthe police put him in a cell until george picked him upthe next day fido went missing againthe police found himthis time they took fido straight home

Verbs (past and present tenses)

Last year the owl lived in the barn.

/ \Sometimes verbs are written inthe past tense. They tell us what happened some time ago.

The owl lives in the wood.

\Sometimes verbs are written in the present tense. They tell us what is happening now.

Getting started1. Copy these sentences. The verbs are all in the present tense.

Underline each verb.a) Ben washes his face.b) Ben reads a book.c) Ben watches television.d) Ben climbs a tree.e) Ben paints a picture.f) Ben kicks a ball

2. Now write each sentence again in the past tense.The first one has been done to help you.a) Ben washes his face. Yesterday Ben washed his face.

1. Copy these sentences about an owl.Choose a verb from the box to fill each gap.The verbs are all in the present tense.

hunts has sleeps eats flies

The o w l__________during the day.

At night i t __________through the woods a n d __________ for food.

The o w l__________sharp eyes.

I t __________small animals like mice.

2. Now copy this passage.Choose a verb from the box to fill each gap.The verbs are all in the past tense.

looked dived sat flapped ran heard

Oily the o w l_________ on the branch of the tree. Slowly he

_________ all around. Suddenly h e __________ a noise. A mouse

_________ through the grass below. O ily__________ his wings and

_________ towards the mouse.

Practise your punctuation1. The words in these sentences have no spaces between them.

Write the sentences again, leaving spaces between the words. Remember to put in the capital letters and full stops.a) theboyjumpedup b) yesterdaysamwalkedtoschoolc) iameatingmydinner d) somechildrenareshouting

2. Now underline all the verbs that are in the present tense. Circle all the verbs that are in the past tense.

Getting started

Using commas

Punctuation marks help us to make sense of what we are reading.. A full stop tells us to stop. We have come to the end of a sentence. ? A question mark tells us that a question is being asked., A comma tells us to pause. It is used to separate items in a list.

Here are the fierce tigers, slow camels, stripy zebras and tall giraffes.

In a list we do not use a comma before the word and.

Copy these sentences. Put in the missing commas.1. At the zoo we saw penguins emus ostriches lions and elephants.2. In my bag I have a book a pencil a ruler an apple and some crisps.3. Ali had a cat a dog two goldfish a budgie and a gerbil.4. Ruth has a round face black hair brown eyes and a small nose.

1. Choose words from the box to write a list of things that belong to each person. The first one has been done to help you.

a) footballer b) astronaut c) builder d) hairdresser

hammer ball comb helmet shorts radio ladder computer nails scissors mirrorshampoo t-shirt boots spacesuit screwdriver

a) A footballer needs a ball, shorts, boots and a t-shirt.

2. Complete these sentences.List five items to finish each sentence.a) For my birthday I would like ...b) Five sounds I can hear in the street are ...c) In the fridge at home we keep ...

C= 1 H imi

M m

j j o I H

Practise your punctuationWrite these sentences correctly.Put in the capital letters, full stops, question marks and commas.1. alice has visited france italy spain and greece on holiday2 . jane likes bananas pizzas spaghetti and curry3. where did jason get his hair cut4. on tuesday lee stayed at home5. did you see any zebras at the zoo

Singular and plural

one rabbit

singular noun

lots of rabbits

plural nounWe just add s to the end of many singular nouns to change them into plural nouns.

write nouns in the singular or the plural. Singular means just one.Plural means more than one.

es to singular nouns

dishes

sh, ssthat end in ch,

glasses

or x.

foxes

Getting startedk.'

Copy and complete this table.

Singular Pluralfarmer farmers

fieldgate

cowsrabbit

cabbage J

1. Copy this table.Write the singular nouns from the box in the correct columns. The first one has been done to help you.

ch words sh words ss words x words\

lunchV J

lunch fox fish bush six kissbunch class brush dress box church

2. Now write the plural of each word in the box. The first one has been done to help you.

one lunch lots of lunches

3. Write four sentences.Use one of your plural nouns in each sentence.

[ Practise your punctuation •» • •1. Write these sentences correctly.

Put in the capital letters, full stops, question marks and commas.a) on the coach there were fifteen girls and twenty boysb) mrs green had two trees and five bushes in her gardenc) tom likes apples oranges pears and peachesd) have you seen my pencil and my ruler

2. Now underline all the singular nouns and circle all the plural nouns in each sentence. ̂,r« *

i____. y M i . f i f l ' f i l H i| | |"Tu4-J

Exclamation marks

Sometimes a sentence ends with an exclamation mark: ! Can you still spot the full stop?

I really hate winter!

It can show that we feel strongly about something.

What a lovely present!

It can show that we are surprised about something.

Stop pinching me!

It is used to give a command.

Getting startedCopy only the sentences that should end with an exclamation mark. Write them correctly.What is for dinnerThis tastes deliciousWhat a sensible child you areBe quietPut down that cat at once May I come with you

Now try these1.

2.

Copy these sentences.Finish each sentence with the correct punctuation.a) I don’t believe itb) I’m six years old nowc) How tall you ared) Stop that this minutee) What time is itf) I really love readingg) I walked to school

Now write two of your own sentences that need exclamation marks.

Practise your punctuationPunctuate these sentences correctly.1 . the dragon chased the prince2 . has anyone seen my ruler3. it’s not fair4. my book is on the table5. thank goodness you’ve come6. where is your house

Connectives

A connective is a joining word. We can use a connective to join two sentences together to make one long sentence.Connectives are sometimes called conjunctions.

My Gran wrote to me. + She told me about her new house. My Gran wrote to me and told me about her new house.

The two sentences have been joined with and. This is a connective. We also use other words as connectives.

but yet however or so as when because

r ---------------- -----

Getting startedk___________________________________

Join each pair of sentences with the connective and or but. The first one has been done to help you.1. A cat chased a mouse. The mouse got away.

A cat chased a mouse but the mouse got away.2. Barney enjoyed sailing with his dad. He came home very wet.3. Tallie loved riding her bike. She rode for hours each day.4. Alex was brilliant at maths. He wasn’t very good at PE.5. The Davey family went on holiday. They had a great time.

Think of an ending to finish each sentence. Underline the connective in each sentence.The first one has been done to help you.1. The foal cantered across the field but ...

The foal cantered across the field but his mother still beat him to the hedge.

2. Nina arrived late at Sonia’s house yet ..

3. Liam quickly got ready for school so ...

4. Jess fell over and ...

5. Mr Trevis called to the boys yet ...

6. The weather was terrible how ever...

7. Hannah wasn’t sure if Charlie was her friend o r ...

8. Tom will go out to play when ...

Practise your punctuation1. Copy these sentences and punctuate them correctly.

a) the girls hurried to dance club as it started in five minutesb) a slug ate the lettuce because it was hungryc) can we drive to school or do we have to walkd) i will finish my maths homework

when i get homee) the film is very exciting

because the hero has saved the little boy

2. Underline the connectivein each sentence.

Verbs (to be)

Getting started

Present tense Past tensewaswere

The verb to be is the most common verb in the English language.

Choose the correct form of the verb to be to complete each sentence.1. The c a t_____ asleep, (is, are)2. The app les_____ red. (is, are)3. The ch ild ren going to school, (is, are)4. The horses galloping, (was, were)5. The d o g very small, (was, were)

We can use it on its own. We use is or was when we are talking about one thing or person.

This dog is a Yorkshire Terrier.

The dog was asleep.

We use are or were when we are talking about more than one thing or person.

We can use it to help another verb.

The dogs are eating.

The dogs were barking.

Choose the correct form of the noun to complete each sentence.1. T h e _________is very small, (cake, cakes)2. S om e__________were red. (apple, apples)3. T h e ________ was broken, (spade, spades)4. B aby_________ are called puppies, (dog, dogs)5. T h e ________ was reading a comic, (boy, boys)6. T h e ________ were listening to the teacher, (girl, girls)7. T h e ________ is sitting in her office, (doctor, doctors)8. T h e ________ are playing with the wool, (kitten, kittens)

Practise your punctuation 9 9 | « )• $ t •

Write each sentence using the correct form of the verb to be.Remember to put in capital letters and full stops.1. katie and harry was paddling

in the water2. two children was climbing on

the roof, of the shed3. the rain are pouring down4. the men is getting very wet5. mrs jones were waving to __y-

her friend6. the thief are getting away

Revision:nouns, verbs, adjectives

A noun is a naming word. It can be the name of a person, place or thing. A verb is an action or being word. Every sentence must have a verb.An adjective is a describing word. It tells us more about a noun.

A frog catches small insects./ t r t

noun verb adjective noun

Getting startedUBH

1. Choose the correct noun to complete each sentence.a) A _________ hops, (frog, snake)b) A _________ moos, (bird, cow)c) A _________ hisses, (frog, snake)d) A _________ flies, (bird, cow)

2. Choose the correct verb to completeeach sentence.a) A sn a il_____b) Kangaroosc) A f is h ____

(slides, swings) . (swim, jump)

d) Some dogs_. (is snoring, is swimming) . (were barking, were driving)

3. Choose the correct adjective to complete each sentence.a) I had a _________ drink, (far, cold)b) My suitcase was ve ry_________ . (heavy, prickly)c) The lemon tastedd) It was a ________

_. (full, sour)night, (red, windy)

1. Copy these sentences.Circle the nouns. Underline the verbs. Cross out the adjectives.a) The red car sped up the hill. b) Tom felt frightened,c) Kim wore a large hat. d) The bike had a flat tyre.

2. Make up four silly sentences using a word from each column. One has been done to help you.f ...................---

Adjective Noun Verb Adjective'a

Nounred children eat frozen fish

heavy sharks marry frightened teacherstall elephants ride wobbly teeth

steaming astronauts chase exploding oranges y

Steaming elephants marry wobbly fish.

— —[ Practise your punctuation 5 f 66 ff| * 3 • • I

1. Think of an exciting ending or beginning to completeeach sentence. Remember to punctuate your sentences correctly.a) Some sizzling sausages ... b) The old d o o r ...c) ... in the crowded room. d) The purple monsters ...e) ... through the dark forest.

2. Circle the nouns, underline the verbs and cross out the adjectives in your sentences.

Grammar and punctuation

Grammar is the study of the way we make sentences. It looks at how words work together. It is to do with the rules of language.Punctuation helps us to make sense of what we read.Punctuation marks make writing easier for us to understand.They help us to read with expression.

slugsslidethroughthelonggrasstheyaresoftandslimy

If we put in spaces and punctuation marks the writing is easier to read.

Slugs slide through the long grass. They are soft and slimy.

Here are some facts about a hedgehog.• covered with prickly spines • grows up to 25 cm long• comes out at night • sleeps during winter• makes nest of leaves and grass • curls into ball when attacked

1. Write six sentences about a hedgehog.Remember to put in the capital letters and full stops.

2. Underline the verbs in the sentences you have written.

1. Arrange these words so that they make sentences.Punctuate the sentences correctly. Underline the adjectives.a) wanted some home aliens new ab) aliens built rocket the a hugec) ready got they long for a journeyd) space off the blasted rocket into rede) landed it crash when terrible wrong went something a with

2. This alien does not speak in sentences. Put his words into sentences, adding any missing words and punctuation marks.

come ... long ... way ... rocket engine ... not ... work why ... you ... frightened want ... be ... friend where ... livetake ... home ... meet ... family

[ Practise your punctuation 9 ^ f 99] • 9 * * i

Copy this description of the alien.Punctuate it correctly.

the alien had a big round body it had a square head its three green eyes flashed on and off its teeth were sharp and pointed the alien spoke in a deep voice with a booming sound it bounced along on a huge spring which had a large hairy foot at the end of it

Progress Unit B

1 have four legs and a tail,

People ride on me. 1 neigh.

What am I?

1. Write a noun to answer each riddle.a) I live on a farm. I give milk. What am I?b) I am made of wood. I have a handle. What am I?c) I am made of glass. You look in me to see yourself. What am I?

2. Copy these sentences. Think of an adjective to fill each gap.a) Ice is _________ . b) A wheel is _________ .

c) A needle is e) A giant is _

d) The lions were _ f) The teacher was

3. Copy these sentences. Choose is or are to fill each gap.a) Puppies_________ cute.b) Baby co w s_________ called calves.c) Some ch ild ren__________shouting.d) The chicken clucking.

4. Copy these sentences. Choose was or were to fill each gap.a) The b u s _________ late.b) The b o ys__________scared.c) Some co w s __________mooing.d) The c a t__________ sitting by the fire.

5. Copy and complete this table.

Plural

cupsstitches

pencils

birdsboxes

6. Copy only the sentences that need an exclamation mark.Quick or we will miss the bus I love chocolateThe elephant lay down for a rest Stop hitting me The king wanted his crown Watch outThe chicken ran when she saw the fox Oh no, I’ve forgotten my packed lunch

7. Join each pair of sentences with the connective and or but.a) I ate a sandwich. Then I drank a cup of tea.b) Tom is right. Dan is wrong.c) Amy lost. Yasmin won.d) Mrs Shah opened the door. She walked into the room.

8. Copy these sentences. Underline the verbs.a) Emma is playing hopscotch.b) The clouds are grey.c) The children are shopping.d) Every window is broken.e) I am painting a picture.f) We are eating some sweets.

9. Now write each sentence from Question 8 in the past tense.

10. Write these sentences correctly.Begin each proper noun with a capital letter.a) next tuesday it will be tom ’s birthday.b) Christmas is always in december.c) does the river thames flow through london?d) france, italy, spain and austria are all countries in europe.

11. Match the beginning and ending of each sentence. Write each sentence correctly.a) A sentence is

b) A verb is

c) A noun is

d) An adjective is

e) A preposition is

f) A connective is

a joining word, a naming word.a group of words that makes sense on its own.a word that tells you the position of one thing in relation to another.a doing word.a describing word.

C CollinsPRIMARYFOCUS

Grammar and PunctuationPupil Book 1Your Collins Primary Focus: Grammar and Punctuation Pupil Book will help you to uselanguage clearly and effectively. Know your nouns from your negatives, your adjectives from your adverbs, to develop and improve your writing and speaking skills.

Grasp the key points with the help of fantastic illustrations.

Get plenty of practice with lots of challenging activities to help you through each unit.

9780007410712