C- Energy Audit Instrumentation

Energy Audit Instrumentation

AEE/ Certified Energy Manager CEM AEE/ Certified Energy Manager CEM ®® C - 1C - 1

Measuring Instruments

Temperature Pressure Flow Meters Electricity Flue Gas Analyzers

LIG Thermo.

Bimetallic

Thermocouples

Pyrometers

IR Camera

Manometers

Bourdon Tube

Electro-Mech.Meters

Orifice Plates

Pitot Tubes

Turbine & FanMeters

Ultrasonic

kWh Meter

KW Meter

P.F. Meter

Power Analyzer

Orsat / Fyrite

Combustion Analyzer

Tools for the Audit • To obtain the best information for a successful

energy cost control program, the auditor must make some measurements during the audit visit.

• The equipment needed depends on the type of energy-consuming equipment used at the facility, and on the potential EMOs.

• For example, for a waste heat recovery EMO, the auditor must take substantial temperature measurement data from potential heat sources.


Energy Audit Instrumentation

1. Electrical System Performance

Power analyzer

Voltmeter - voltage

Ammeter - current

Wattmeter - real power

Cosine Phi Meter – power factor

Light meter - light levels

Harmonic analyzer



Single Phase Power Meter

Three Phase Power Meter

AEE/ Certified Energy Manager CEM AEE/ Certified Energy Manager CEM ®® C -5C -5

Split Core Current Transformer

Solid Core Current Transformer


Current Logger Power Transducer

Light TOU Logger

Occupancy Logger

2. Temperature Measurements

Thermometer

Surface Pyrometer

Portable Electronic Thermometer

Thermocouple Probe


3. Combustion Measurements

Orsat, Fyrite Analyzers

Combustion Analyzers

– O2, CO, CO2, temperature

– Sometimes NOx

– No particulates


4. Air Velocity

Anemometer - deflecting vane

Anemometer - rotating vane

Pitot Tube

Heated thermocouple

Hot Wire Anemometer


5. Pressure Measurement

Manometer

Draft Gauge

Bourdon Gauge


6. Humidity Measurement

Psychrometer

Electrical Conductivity

Hair Hygrometer

Hand-held units


7. Infrared Measuring Equipment

The real temperature of an object can be found by measuring its emitted radiation.

Infrared Camera System

Infrared Thermometer

Hand-held Units


8. Compressed Air Leak detectors

Ultrasonic leak detectors

– Tunable ultrasonic receivers

9. Steam Leak Detectors

Ultrasonic leak detectors

– Use for steam traps



Electronic Manometer

Ultrasonic Flow Meter Combustion Gas Analyzer

Safety Considerations• Safety - a critical part of any audit.

• All auditors should have a basic knowledge of safety equipment and procedures.

• Before touring a facility, auditors should be thoroughly briefed on any specialized safety equipment and procedures for the facility.

• Auditors should never place themselves in a position where they could injure themselves or other people at the facility.


Safety EquipmentSafety equipment - a vital precaution for any energy auditor.

• Safety glasses - generally a necessity

• Hearing protectors - needed in noisy facilities or in areas where high horsepower motors are used to drive fans and pumps

• Steel-toe and steel-shank safety shoes - needed in facilities where heavy, hot, sharp or hazardous materials are being used.


CEM Exam Review Questions1. Either the Pitot Tube or the Bourdon Gauge can be used to measure

air velocity.

A. True B. False

2. Position of a thermocouple probe has little effect on temperature readings.

A. True B. False

3. The real temperature of an object can be found from its emitted radiation.

A. True B. False


CEM Exam Review Questions4 Which instrument is used to measure relative humidity ?

A. Psychrometer B. Pyrometer

C. Electronic thermometer

5. What would be used to find the quantity of electric current in an AC circuit ?

A. Ohmmeter B. Ammeter

C. Wattmeter D. All the above


Documents

C- Energy Audit Instrumentation