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C-Notes: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses. Stnd : B.I. 1 C . 10/30/2013. Objective:. SWBAT differentiate the complexity and general structures of prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses. What is the “ Cell Theory ”?. The idea that all living things are made up of cells. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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C-Notes: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses
Stnd: B.I. 1 C 10/30/2013
Objective: SWBAT differentiate the complexity and general structures of prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses.
What is the “Cell Theory”?
• The idea that all living things are made up of cells.
3 parts of the Cell theory are:• All organisms are made up of one
or more cells• The cell is the basic (smallest)
unit of life• All cells come from pre-existing
cells.
What is the exceptions to the “Cell Theory”?
• Viruses – Disease-causing, nonliving particles– are not made up of cells and do NOT
contain genetic material (DNA).– Viruses reproduce inside another
cell, called the host cell.– Ex: HIV, Influenza, Common Cold,
Polioviruses, Rabies viruses
What are Cells?
• The smallest working units that is capable of performing all of life’s function
Where do Cells come from?
• All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division (mitosis or meiosis).
Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
Would you like to see some examples?
Even if you don’t, too bad.
Remember…
• These are magnified images taken with microscopes
• Some cells have been stained with color so you can see them better.
Nerve Cell
Bacteria Cell
Tree cells from the stomach of a possum.
Brain Cell
Cornstalk Cells
Mammalian Tissue
Who is Robert Hooke?
• The first person to see cells using a thin slice of cork found in the bark of a cork tree with his microscope.
• He named them cells because they resembled tiny rooms
What are the two types of Cells?
• Prokaryotic Cells • Eukaryotic Cells
What are Prokaryotic Cells? (Before the Nucleus)
1. Found in Unicellular Organism (Single-Celled Organism)– Do NOT have a nucleus to
hold its circular DNA molecule (nucleoid), so the DNA remains to float freely in the cytoplasm.
– Ex: Bacteria and Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria)
Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli)
• capsule: slimy outer coating
• cell wall: tougher middle layer
• cell membrane: delicate inner skin
• cytoplasm: inner liquid filling• DNA in one big loop• pilli: for sticking to things• flagella: for swimming• ribosomes: for building
proteins
Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli)
Prokaryote lifestyle
• unicellular: all alone
• colony: forms a film
• filamentous: forms a chain of cells
Prokaryote Feeding
• Photosynthetic: energy from sunlight• Disease-causing: feed on living things• Decomposers: feed on dead things
What are Eukaryotic Cells? (After the Nucleus)
–Found in Multi-Cellular Organism called Eukaryotes–contains many organelles
surrounded by membranes –Store their DNA in the
Nucleus–Ex: plants and animals
Eukaryotes are bigger and more complicated
• Have organelles• Have chromosomes• can be multicellular• include animal and plant cells
Organelles are membrane-bound cell parts
• Mini “organs” that have unique structures and functions
• Located in cytoplasm
Eukaryotic• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes• Most living organisms
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
“Typical” Animal Cell
“Typical” Plant Cell
What are the complexity and structural components of Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells?
1. Unicellular (Single-Celled Organism)
2. Cell Wall that surrounds the Cell (Plasma) Membrane
3. Has DNA, RNA, and Ribosomes that float freely in the cell.
4. No NUCLEUS has a Cellular DNA ( Nucleus-Like, irregularly shapped)
5. Flagellum (Tail, for movement)
6. Reproduces Asexually, binary fission (divide in half) , Conjugations ( connects and exchange DNA)
1. Multi-Cellular Organism (10x larger in size)
2. Cell Membrane3. Cell Wall (only in plants)4. Ribosomes5. Contains a Nucleus (has
DNA inside)6. Contains many
Membrane-Bounded Organelles (Tiny structural Bodies ; ex: chloroplast; mitochondria) for certain jobs
7. Growth and Replication by Mitosis and Meiosis.
Prokaryotic Cells found in Prokaryotes (ex: Bacteria)
Eukaryotic Cells found in Eukaryotes (Ex: plants and Animals)
What are the 3 structures that are both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell have?
1. Cell Membrane 2. Cytoplasm (jelly-like fluid
“soupy” area)3. DNA (found in the Nucleus in
Plants and Animal Cells)
Advantages of each kind of cell architecture
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
simple and easy to grow can specialize
fast reproduction multicellularity
all the same can build large bodies