c-SUSTAIN ECS Watershed Conference 20120925 - …aquaterra.com/.../c-SUSTAIN_ECS_Watershed_Conference_2012092… · What is SUSTAIN ? System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis

SUSTAIN:Urban Modeling Systems Integrating

Optimization and Economics

September 25, 2012

Joong Gwang Lee, Ph.D.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

John Riverson, P.E.

Tetra Tech

5/9/2014 1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

What is SUSTAIN?

System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis INtegration

� A decision support system (DSS) to select/locate/size stormwater BMP/LID/GIs in urban watersheds

� Extends the capabilities and functionality of traditionally available models by providing integrated analysis of water quantity, quality, and cost factors.

5/9/2014U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

2

SWMMSWMM

HSPFHSPF

OthersOthers

GISGIS

CostsCosts

OptimizationOptimization

Cost-benefit analysis for decision supportCost-benefit analysis for decision support

Modeling Components of SUSTAIN

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency35/9/2014

8. Case Study

Presentation

Outline:

1. Framework Manager The ArcGIS platform provides:

� Data management and

spatial visualization

� Placement of BMPs

� Drainage areas

delineation and flow

network connectivity

� Land use summaries

within catchment

drainage areas

�SUSTAIN is a plug-in extension to ArcGIS5/9/2014

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency4

2. BMP Siting Tool

Identifies potential suitable locations/areas for implementing different types of BMPs or LID techniques

� Results derived from spatial analysis using relevant criteria


5

3. Watershed Module

• Consists of a land simulation module and a conveyance module

– Land simulation module:• Internally simulates land runoff/pollutant loads OR

• Imports externally derived runoff/pollutant time series

– Conveyance module performs routing of flow and water quality through a conduit


6

Land Simulation


7

Conveyance Module

• Simulates one-dimensional open channel flow with pollutant and sediment routing

– Flow and pollutant routing are simulated using algorithms from the EPA SWMM5 transport compartment

– Sediment routing is simulated using reach sediment transport algorithms from HSPF


8

4. BMP Simulation ModuleProvides a process-based simulation of flow and pollutant transport routing for structural BMPs


9

BMP Options: Spatial Scale


10

Site Regional

Why Continuous Simulation?


11

Comprehensive Analysis in Stormwater BMP/LID/GI Dynamics

5. Cost Module

• Estimates the overall costs of implementing BMPs based on fundamental construction components:

where a, b, c, d, e, f, and g are cost parameters based on initiation, length,

area, or volume of a BMP component

• Supports a built-in cost database organized by general BMP construction components


12

6. Optimization Module

• BMP Configuration

– Map all potential locations

– Typical routing configuration

– Unit cost (scalable)

• Decision Variables

– BMP Size (0 to maximum)

– BMP Location (on or off)

• Objectives

– Minimize Cost

– Maximize Volume Reduction

BMP Types &

Locations

BMP Sizes

The Watershed

∆, $

∆, $

∆, $

Reduction

Opportunity

Matrix

%

$

NSGAII (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II)

Scatter Search

%

$

Genera

tions

Iterations

Evolutionary Optimization Techniques

% ∆

$

% ∆∆∆∆

% ∆∆∆∆

% ∆∆∆∆

Storm Size

A point along this curve represents an aggregated

response of a BMP-scenario over time and space

CE-Curve vs. Time Series

7. Post Processor

• Analyzes and interprets simulation outputs

• Compares simulation scenarios:– Pre-development condition

– Existing condition (no BMPs)

– Existing condition with BMPs

• Specific graphical and tabular reports:– Storm event classification

– Storm event viewer

– Storm performance summary

– Cost-effectiveness curve


16

Cost Effectiveness Curve


17

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

$0.0 $0.5 $1.0 $1.5 $2.0 $2.5 $3.0 $3.5 $4.0 $4.5

Cost ($ Million)

Eff

ective

ne

ss (

% R

ed

uctio

n)

All Solutions

Cost-Effectiveness Curve

Selected Simulation

BMP-Cost Distribution for CE Curve


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$0.0

$0.5

$1.0

$1.5

$2.0

$2.5

$3.0

$3.5

$4.0

$4.5

9.9

%

14

.1%

16

.6%

18

.4%

20

.3%

22

.1%

23

.4%

24

.2%

24

.8%

25

.7%

26

.6%

27

.3%

27

.9%

28

.5%

29

.6%

30

.2%

30

.6%

30

.8%

31

.1%

31

.6%

31

.8%

32

.1%

32

.4%

32

.9%

Effectiveness (% Reduction)

Co

st

Dis

trib

utio

n (

$ M

illio

n)

DRYPOND BIORETENTION

RAINBARREL POROUSPAVEMENT

Selected Simulation

55%24%

0%

21%

55%24%

0%

21%

SUSTAIN Case Studies: Lessons Learned

Three case study applications:

• GI Applications for CSO Mitigation

– Kansas City, MO

– Louisville, KY

• Stormwater Management for TMDLs in an Arid Climate (poster presentation)

– Albuquerque, NM

5/9/2014 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 19

Study Area:Kansas City, MO

�480 acres

�Residential with some Com/Ind

�35% Impervious

�XP-SWMM Model

�100-acre GI Pilot

�5 past or present parallel studies

Gray

+

Gray

+

Green

Infrastructure

Green

Infrastructure

Existing or

Planned Mgmt

Existing or

Planned Mgmt

Gray

Infrastructure

Only

Gray

Infrastructure

Only

Existing or

Planned Mgmt

Existing or

Planned Mgmt

Optimization

Scenario 1

Optimization

Scenario N

Optimization

Baseline

Existing or

Planned Mgmt

Existing or

Planned Mgmt

CSO

Calibration

Baseline

CSO

Nu

mb

er

of

CS

O E

ven

ts

Problem Formulation…

Exp

lora

tory

Allowable Exceedances Max ∆ / Min $

Co

mm

itte

d

c1

Design Plans…

Articulated BMP NetworkN

Conduit

Stormwater inlet

Flow monitoring station

Assessment point

Junction

Basin routing

BMPs

Subwatershed

Aggregate BMP Network

Shallow Bioretention

BioretentionRain

GardenPorous

Sidewalk

Porous Pavement on Storage Cube

outletoutlet

Cascade

Bioswale

N

Drainage Area Land Distribution(Proportional to articulated network contributing areas)

Storage

Untreated Land

EL 418.83’

EL 438.66’

38th Street

Pump HouseManhole

Access

2’-9”

Weir

Pump

11’-6”

CSO 019 Regulator and Pump Station

(160’ Long)

EL 418.83’

EL 438.66’

38th Street

Pump HouseManhole

Access

2’-9”

Weir

Pump

11’-6”

CSO 019 Regulator and Pump Station

(160’ Long)

Supplemental Gray Storage

Overflow

To WWTPSupplemental

Gray

Infrastructure

Assessment

Point

CSO Regulator and Pump Station

Pump House

c2

Optimization Results

Optimization Target: Costs

Typical Year*: Overflow Volumes

* Continuous simulation for typical year 2001

Green vs. Gray

�Not all storage is created equal (Gray ≠ Green)

�Dewatering » Infiltration/ET, but it’s not free

GI

Gray

Infiltration/ET

Dewatering

Overflow Target

Overflow Target

Overflow Target

Overflow Target

GI

Compare

5/9/2014 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 30

Data Collection

and Analysis

Data Collection

and Analysis

Modeling Objectives &

Problem Formulation

Modeling Objectives &

Problem Formulation

Results Interpretation

Results Interpretation

Management Objectives

Numeric Control Targets

Management Objectives

Numeric Control Targets

Project Setup

Project Setup

Applying SUSTAINApplying SUSTAIN

OptimizationOptimization

Baseline Calibration

Exploratory

Insufficient Data

Where SUSTAIN Applies?

• Evaluate and select BMP/LID/GI options to achieve loading targets set by a TMDL

• Identify protective management practices and evaluate pollutant loadings for Source Water Protection

• Develop cost-effective management options for a municipal MS4 program

• Determine a cost-effective mix of control measures to help achieve management objectives for CSO control


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Documents

c-SUSTAIN ECS Watershed Conference 20120925 - …aquaterra.com/.../c-SUSTAIN_ECS_Watershed_Conference_2012092… · What is SUSTAIN ? System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis