Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems
Inert Gas Systems
On a daily basis we are reminded about the severe effects
pollution has on our environment. As a result legislation is being
introduced to reduce the impact the marine industry has on the
environment.
The regulations range from the International Maritime
Organization regulations MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI regulation 4
as detailed in resolution MEPC 184(59), to Supra-National
regulations like those covered by the European Directive
2005/33/EC. In addition, some areas have National or local rules
such as Norway and California.
These rules and regulations force the marine industry to make
tough choices, however the benefits are a greener future for all
of us.
Opting for our Hamworthy Krystallon sea water scrubbing
technology instead of switching fuel means;
- lower operating costs through access to less costly fuel
- avoiding fuel switching, storage and availability issues
- reducing your operational impact on the environment
a greener future is abetter futureOur pioneering gas scrubbing technology is acommercially viable alternative to costly low Sulphurcontent distillates, and complies with new IMO and EUregulations on emissions.
Hamworthy Krystallon’s seawater scrubbing technology has beensuccessfully trialled on the P&O ferry ‘Pride of Kent’
2
3
There is no longer an option “to do nothing”. To comply with
incoming rules, ship owners must switch to costly low Sulphur
fuel, or choose abatement technology. Legislation has already
had an effect on the fuel markets in the regulated areas. The
price gap between low Sulphur fuel and residual fuel has
grown and shows increased volatility. When the North
American ECA is introduced in 2012 and the 0,1% fuel Sulphur
limit enters into force in 2015 this divergence will grow
further.
Hamworthy Krystallon’s exhaust gas cleaning system is in
compliance with the different operating rules. The Hamworthy
Krystallon Seawater Scrubber technology will remove more
than 98% of Sulphur from exhaust gas emissions along with
the majority of particulate matter from a 3,5% Sulphur
residual fuel, providing compliance under the equivalency
section of the IMO regulations. With Hamworthy Krystallon’s
exhaust gas cleaning system owners and operators can avoid
the additional costs of switching, sourcing and using cleaner
fuels, allowing continued use of low cost environmentally
friendly residual fuel.
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2015 2018 2020
IMO1.5% ECAECA Baltic
IMOECA N. Sea& Channel
NationalEU 1.5% Sea0.1% in port
EU Ports0.1%
NationalEU emissions
review
NationalEU IPPC
EU use IMOGuidelines
NationalLS fuel in
Californian waters
EPA Tier IIfor Cat. 3engines
IMOWorldwide
guidelines ratified
IMO3.5% Worldwide
1% ECAECA US/Canada
IMOFuel standard
review
IMOSWS Guidelines
ratified
IMO1.0% ECA
IMO0.1% ECA
IMO0.5%
Worldwide
20050,00
100,00
200,00
300,00
400,00
$/to
ns
500,00
600,00
700,00
2006 2007 2008
NWE
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030
MED USCG SINGAPORE
GASOIL/HSFO DIFFERENTIAL
Source: “Outlook for Marine Bunkers and Fuel Oil to 2025” fromJanuary 2009 by Robin Meech, Marine and Energy Consulting Ltd.
compliance with both current and proposed
legislative requirements
The Hamworthy Krystallon Seawater Scrubber is based on the same process used in our Inert
Gas scrubbers for almost 50 years. The technology is suitable for both new build and retrofit
applications, and is a simple, globally accepted, proven solution.
the scrubbing process
4
With a Seawater Scrubber installation onboard you will
comply with both current and proposed rules.
The carbonate/Bi-carbonate in seawater neutralizes the SO2
in the exhaust gas, in a three-stage scrubbing process.
1. Venturi section
The exhaust gas enters the Venturi section and is cooled
down and saturated with a seawater spray. This seawater
spray also provides an ejector effect, reducing the total
pressure drop over the system.
2. Bubble plate
The gas flow is turned upwards and led through a patented
bubble plate arrangement. This creates a very turbulent
mixing of the water and exhaust gas, wetting the particles
and absorbing the SO2. The bubble plate is a unique
technology that allows a higher gas velocity through the
scrubber, which again leads to a smaller footprint, without
an increase in pressure drop.
3. Wet filter
After the bubble plate there is a wet filter to polish
remaining Sulphur from the gas and a demister to avoid
carry-over of water droplets in the cleaned exhaust gas.
Plume control
A plume control situated after the scrubber avoids
potential steam plume generation. A steam plume is
harmless, but still undesirable.
Wash water
The wash water is monitored for pH, PAH (Hydrocarbons),
turbidity and temperature when it is pumped up through the
sea chest. It is then distributed to the Venturi, bubble plate and
wet filter sections. The discharge from the scrubber is passed
through a Hydrocyclone, either by natural gravity or via a
booster pump, and discharged overboard. The discharge is
again monitored and compared to the intake measurements to
make sure that it is in line with the discharge criteria.
Sludge
The particulate matter captured in the wash water is
transferred to a small sludge tank. The collected sludge is
categorized as being non-hazardous, but must be disposed to
shore.
Alternative scrubber arrangements
The scrubber may also have alternative arrangements as:
Fan assisted for lower back pressure, such as for
boilers.
A combined multi-inlet scrubber for more than one
exhaust.
NaOH injection for improved pH recovery when
operating in brackish water.
Particulate matter
Particulate matter is primarily active coal or soot. Carbon as a
substance is not toxic, but its particulate size makes it
dangerous for humans and animals. Shipping has been
identified as a cause of cancer in coastal regions and melting
ice due to PM pollution. There are few regulations on PM
pollution from ships today, but many expect that strict
regulations will appear for PM in the future. Hamworthy
Krystallon Scrubbers remove 70% or more of the particulate
matter present in exhaust gas.
5
Marine Equipment Approval
Over the last 5 years Hamworthy Krystallon has provided
MEPC with Environmental Impact Assessment data from our
units installed on ‘Pride of Kent’ and on ‘Zaandam’. Much of
the collected data has been incorporated into MEPC 184(59),
particularly with regards to Section 10 wash water discharge
criteria. Hamworthy Krystallon meets all the limits listed for
air and sea emissions. The exhaust gas is continuously
monitored, and the equipment used is Type and MED
approved. If required Hamworthy Krystallon can also
monitor other combustion gases.
Through remote reporting and secure data storage of
system performance and GPS position, Hamworthy
Krystallon is able to demonstrate the operational performance
of the scrubber. The below charts shows the results of the
‘Zaandam’ Seawater Scrubber during operation in North
American waters.
As illustrated the seawater varies greatly in composition, from
cold brackish where there is run-off from glaciers to warm and
saline of the cost of Mexico and in the Pacific. The scrubber
performance proved reliable in all conditions. Hamworthy
Krystallon’s Seawater Scrubber already meets approval and
seeks compliance with MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI, as detailed in
MEPC 184(59) by Scheme B - continuous monitoring of
emissions.
SEAWATER SCRUBBER SCHEMATIC
NO ppm
H2O mAU
CO2%
SO2 ppm0.1%S fuel equivalent,22ppm at 13.25% O2
0
100
03:0
3:00
04:4
3:00
06:2
3:00
08:0
3:00
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
SO2 ppm/CO2%
15 per.Mov. Avg.(SO2 ppm)
System performance & GPS positioning data capture
6
Ship design and consultancy
Hamworthy offers both complex ship design as well as
individual design stages such as initial, contractual,
classification and detail for new vessels, conversions or
rebuilds. Hamworthy’s experienced team consists exclusively
of specialists in naval architecture, machinery & piping, hull,
deck equipment, accommodation and interior design, HVAC
and structural calculations.
Apart from creating ship designs, Hamworthy Baltic Design
Centre is also fully prepared to carry out specific naval
architectural tasks such as FMEA (Failure Modes and Effect
Analysis), impact and damage stability calculations etc. We
also act as owners’ representatives during new-build
constructions and conversions/rebuilds.
Hamworthy pumps
Hamworthy pumps are preferred by ship owners’ worldwide,
and are known for their reliability, performance and value for
money. Regardless of any system selected, Hamworthy can
meet all your requirements.
Hamworthy can offer a variety of pump systems:
Ballast pumps
Engine room pumps
Fire water pumps
Pump room systems
Svanehøj deepwell cargo pumps
Complementing the exhaust gas cleaning system, Hamworthy also provide the followingservices for your scrubbing needs.
additional services
7
Our global network of sales and service centres ensures that we can provide first classtechnical, spares and service support to our customers wherever they are around the world.In addition to our sales and service locations, we are supported by agent representatives inall major shipping areas.
worldwide sales &service network
EUROPE
Denmark (Aalborg)
Germany (Geesthacht)
Netherlands (Rotterdam)
Norway (Asker & Moss)
Poland (Gdynia)
Spain (Villa Garcia de Arosa)
UK (Poole & Dover)
MIDDLE EAST
UAE (Sharjah)
EAST & SOUTH EAST ASIA
China (Dalian, Guangzhou,
Shanghai & Suzhou)
Korea (Busan)
India (Mumbai)
Singapore
NORTH AMERICA
USA (Miami & Houston)
Product companies
Sales & service centres
+ Agents and distributors in over 50 countries
For further information visit www.hamworthy.com/contact
ref:HMO40090211/2
Hamworthy Ltd8th Floor, Yoosung Plaza Building#655-6 Woo-dong,Haeundae-Gu, Busan 612-020
tel: +82 51 741 3724fax: +82 51 741 9961email: [email protected]
Hamworthy ShanghaiRoom 8B, Yi Dian Plaza,No. 746 ZhaoJiaBang Road,Shanghai 20030
tel: +86 21 644 55665fax: +86 21 644 59875e-mail: [email protected]
subsidiaries of Hamworthy plc
Main Office:Hamworthy Moss ASPO Box 1053NO-1510 MossNorway
tel: +47 69 27 99 00fax: +47 69 25 45 78e-mail: [email protected]
Hamworthy Krystallon LtdChannel View RoadDover, Kent BN17 7LUEngland
tel: 44 1304 245820email: [email protected]
The manufacturers reserve the right to alter thespecification and data to incorporate improvementsin design. Certified drawings will be issued on request.
© All details copyright Hamworthy plc.
www.hamworthy.com
