CA GPON Network Engineering Guide Rev3

8/10/2019 CA GPON Network Engineering Guide Rev3

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Catalog Number: AOLT-GNEG-DOC-01

Part Number: 191-0000002 Rev 03


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Alphion GPON Network Engineering Guide2

COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2008 Alphion Corporation Inc.

All Rights Reserved. Printed in U.S.A.

Alphion GPON Network Engineering Guide

Catalog Number: AOLT-GNEG-DOC-01

Part Number: 191-0000002 Revision 03

March 2008

TRADEMARKS

All of the Alphion names, brand names, and product names referred to in this Document, in particular,the name Alphion and its logo, are either registered trademarks or trademarks of the AlphionCorporation. All other registered trademarks or trademarks are the property of their respectiveowners.

LIMITED WARRANTY

Alphion warrants that this Document has been delivered free of all rightful claims of any third personby way of infringement or the like of any copyright, trade secret, or trademark. THIS DOCUMENTAND THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED THEREIN (COLLECTIVELY, THE DELIVERABLES) AREPROVIDED AS IS AND ALPHION MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,AND DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THEDELIVERABLES, OR ANY MODIFICATIONS THERETO, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, INCLUDING,WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FORA PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL ALPHION OR ANY ALPHION EMPLOYEE BELIABLE FOR THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE DELIVERABLES.

EXCLUSION OF CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES; LIMITATION OF LIABILITYALPHION SHALL NOT, UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, BE LIABLE TO BUYER FORCONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL OR INDIRECT DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ORRELATED TO THE DELIVERABLES, EVEN IF ALPHION HAS BEEN APPRISED OF THELIKELIHOOD OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL ALPHION'S LIABILITY TO BUYERFOR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THE DELIVERABLES EXCEED THEAGGREGATE PRICE OF THE DELIVERABLES.


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Contents


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Preface

About this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Contacting Alphion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Chapter 1: Introduction

Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Chapter 2: System Overview

System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

GPON Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

GPON Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Optical Distribution Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

GPON Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Alphion GPON System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Alphion OLT Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Alphion ONU/ONT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Alphion Passives Splitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Alphion Passives - RF Injector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Alphion PON.ext PON Extension System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Alphion EMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Chapter 3: GPON System Architecture

Alphion OLT System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Alphion ONT System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

GTC Layer Protocol Stack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

GTC Framing Sub-layer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

GTC Adaptation Sub-layer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Protocol Stack for Control and Management Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Chapter 4: Services Overview

Service Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

GPON Access Node. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

GPON Access Node High Level Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

VLAN Tagging in Access Node. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

VLAN Paradigms in Access Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46GPON Access Node: GPON-Specific Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

GPON-specific Access Node Attributes: GEM Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

GEM Port-based Forwarding in GPON Access Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

N:1 VLAN Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

N:1 VLAN Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48


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N:1 VLAN Handling Upstream Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

N:1 VLAN Handling - Downstream Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

High Speed Internet Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

VPN Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Voice Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

IPTV Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

RF Overlay Video Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Chapter 5: Capacity Planning

AOLT-4000 Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Number of Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

GPON Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

GigE SNI Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

10GigE SNI Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Number of Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Splitter Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

AONT Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Subscriber Bandwidth Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Chapter 6: Non-protected System Configurations

Power, Clock, and Alarm Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

CTL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

SWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

GLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Chapter 7: Protected System Configurations

CTL Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

SWT Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

OLT Port Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Chapter 8: Equipment Configuration Guidelines

Service Provisioning - Initial Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

High Speed Internet (HSI) / Data Service Provisioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Voice Service Provisioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Muticast (Video) Service Provisioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Chapter 9: Network Configurations

Typical Network Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80


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Chapter 10: GPON Engineering Rules and Guidelines

GPON Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Chapter 11: Traffic EngineeringRules and Guidelines

Traffic Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Chapter 12: ODN Planning

Optical Distribution Network Planning Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

ODN Network Design Checklist Network Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

ODN Network Design Checklist Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

ODN Network Design Checklist Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

ODN Network Design Checklist Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Chapter 13: Premises Planning

Premises Planning Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Chapter 14: SNI Engineering Rules and Guidelines

Service Node Interface Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Chapter 15: Traffic Engineering Rules and Guidelines

Traffic Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Chapter 16: Service Engineering Rules and Guidelines

Service Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Service Engineering in ONT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Service Engineering in OLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Service Engineering in Aggregation Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Chapter 17: Planning and Site Preparation

General Site Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Electrical Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Rack Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Planning Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Chassis Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Building Integrated Timing Supply/Synchronization Supply Unit (BITS/SSU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

External Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Management Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Local Management Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

GPON Line Card (GLC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

GPON Protected Path Line Card (GLCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118


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Cable Management and Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Planning the Installation Activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Site Survey Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Chapter 18: Customer Premises Network Guidelines

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Chapter 19: Core Network Guidelines

Core Network Guidelines for Data Backhaul. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Example 1 MPLS Core Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Example 2 Ethernet Aggregation/MPLS Core Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Core Network Guidelines for Voice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Core Network Guidelines for IP Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Core Network Guidelines for RF Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Chapter 20: Technical Specification SummaryTechnical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Appendix A: References

List of References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

ANSI Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Telcordia Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

ETSI Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

IEEE Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

IETF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

ITU Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138TEC (Telecommunication Engineering Center) Documents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Appendix B: Ordering Alphion Products

Ordering Alphion Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Appendix C: Site Survey

Using the Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Site Survey Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Site Information Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Glossary

Terms Used in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Index


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Preface

In this preface:

About this Manual

Organization

Related Documents

Contacting Alphion


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Preface

About this Manual

Provides detailed information about network components recommendations to follow indesigning a network using the AOLT-4000, AONT-100C, and AONT-100.

This guide is intended for optical network engineers who are responsible for planning theAlphion GPON installation. This network engineer will determine the number of devicesrequired to serve the specified number of end users (AONTs). This network engineer willalso determine the placement of such intermediate devices as DWDM couplers, reachextenders, splitters, splices and connectors.

This guide does not discuss optical fiber specification or installation in any detail. This istreated as the responsibility of the carrier providing the optical network services.

Organization

ThisAlphion GPON Engineering Guidecontains the following:

Chapter 1, Introductiondescribes Alphions end-to-end GPON.

Chapter 2, System Overviewdescribes the Central Office rack-mounted shelf thatprovides optical line terminal services for Alphions GPON.

Chapter 3, GPON System Architecturedescribes the Customer Premises Equipmentthat provides the Alphion Optical Network Terminal services for AlphionsGigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON).

Chapter 4, Services Overviewdescribes the services available with Alphion GPON.

Chapter 5, Capacity Planningexplains how to maximize the Alphions GPON. Chapter 6, Non-protected System Configurationsdescribes how to plan for a non-

redundant GPON.

Chapter 7, Protected System Configurationsdescribes how to plan for a redundantGPON.

Chapter 8, Equipment Configuration Guidelinesdescribes how to configure AlphionGPON equipment.

Chapter 9, Network Configurationsdescribes typical network designs used in GPONinstallations.

Chapter 10, GPON Engineering Rules and Guidelinesdescribes typical GPONdesigns used in GPON installations.

Chapter 11, Traffic Engineering Rules and Guidelinesdescribes traffic engineeringconsiderations in designing a GPON.

Chapter 12, ODN Planningdescribes Optical distribution network considerationsin designing a GPON.


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Chapter 13, Premises Planningexplains considerations in planning a GPON at thecustomer end.

Chapter 14, SNI Engineering Rules and Guidelinesdescribes SNI engineeringconsiderations in designing a GPON.

Chapter 15, Traffic Engineering Rules and Guidelinesdescribes additional trafficengineering considerations in designing a GPON.

Chapter 16, Service Engineering Rules and Guidelinesdescribes service engineeringconsiderations in designing a GPON.

Chapter 17, Planning and Site Preparationexplains how to do site planning for aGPON.

Chapter 18, Customer Premises Network Guidelinesdescribes additional customerpremises equipment considerations in designing a GPON.

Chapter 19, Core Network Guidelinesdescribes core network considerations indesigning a GPON.

Chapter 20, Technical Specification Summarydescribes technical specifications forGPON hardware and software.

Appendix A, Referencesdescribes the industry-standard publications cited in thisguide.

Appendix B, Ordering Alphion Productslists the part numbers and productdescriptions of Alphion GPON products.

Appendix C, Site Surveydescribes how do perform a site survey for a GPONinstallation.

Glossaryappendix provides an explanation of the terms and abbreviations used inthis manual.

Related Documents

For more information about the Alphion GPON, see the following publications:

Alphion AOLT-4000 Installation Guide

Describes how to install the Alphion optical line terminal (AOLT-4000) and verifythe installation; includes technical specifications.

Alphion AOLT-4000 Command Line Interface Reference

Describes the command line interface used to configure and manage the AlphionAOLT-4000; includes commands, command syntax, and command usage.

Alphion AOLT-4000 Operations, Administration and Maintenance Guide


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Preface

Describes the hardware and software elements of the AOLT-4000, as well as howto administer, and maintain the system.

Alphion AONT-100C (SFU) Installation Guide

Describes how to install the Alphion AONT-100C (SFU) in customer premises.

Alphion AONT-100 (SFU) Installation Guide

Describes how to install the Alphion AONT-100 (SFU) in customer premises.

Alphion AONT-100C (SFU) User Guide

Describes basic troubleshooting and operational tasks for the AONT-100C (SFU).

Alphion AONT-100 (SFU) User Guide

Describes basic troubleshooting and operational tasks for the AONT-100 (SFU).

Alphion GPON System Description Guide

Provides an overview of the entire network in which the AOLT-4000, AONT-100C, and AONT-100 and are installed; summarizes details provided in the otherguides.

Contacting Alphion

For sales support, contact:

[email protected],

For technical support, contact:

[email protected]

For Alphion Corporation, call:

+1 (609) 936-9001


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chapter 1Introduction

In this chapter:

Scope


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chapter 2System Overview

In this chapter:

System Overview


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System Overview

To plan an Alphion GPON network, network engineers must know what devices arerequired to create the end-to-end network, and they must know the operational andperformance characteristics of these devices.

This chapter describes GPON in general, then each of the devices that make up AlphionsGPON environment.

GPON Description

GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) is a standard protocol defined by theInternational Telecommunication Union, Telecom committee (ITU-T) as G.984. GPONextends the earlier G.983 Broadband PON (BPON) standard by increasing both thedownstream and upstream bandwidth, providing a more bandwidth-efficientencapsulation method using GPON encapsulation method (GEM), making the transportmore packet based, providing a more scalable management method using ONTManagement Control Interface (OMCI) and improving on the encryption and ForwardError Control (FEC) methods.

Each GPON fiber provides 2,488 Mbps of downstream service and 1,244 Mbps ofupstream Service. GPON uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to provide bi-directional service on a single fiber. Downstream service is transmitted at 1490nm (1480-1500 nm window), and upstream service is transmitted a 1310nm (1260-1360 nmwindow).

A key benefit of GPON is that it provides a mechanism for statistical multiplexing andoversubscription of the upstream and downstream bandwidth, so that this highbandwidth can be dynamically shared between many users. This statistical multiplexing

and oversubscription capability of GPON allows the service provider to save on backhaultransmission costs while increasing the revenue potential of each fiber.

GPON Architecture

A GPON system consists of an Optical Line Terminal (OLT), one or more OpticalDistribution Networks (ODN), and one or more optical network terminals and/orOptical Network Units (ONU) as shown in Figure 1:


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Figure 1 G.984 GPON Reference Network

The OLT provides the service node interface (SNI) toward the core network, and controlsthe GPON. In the Alphion Release 1 GPON system, the OLT SNIs are 1 Gbps and/or 10Gbps Ethernet LAN interfaces.

The ODN between the OLT and the ONT/ONUs consists of fiber optic cabling andsplitters.

The Optical Network Terminal (ONT) is designed for single subscriber use, while theONU is designed for multiple subscriber use. The splitters allow the PON to be shared byup to 128 ONTs or ONUs, as shown in Figure 2. However, the PON is typically shared byup to 64 users since the number of ONTs/ONUs on the GPON is limited by the opticallink budget allocated to the downstream and upstream signal, with the loss budget forthe 1310nm upstream signal being the limiting factor.

The ONT terminates the GPON fiber and presents many user network Interfaces (UNI)ports to a single subscriber, terminating each UNI at the subscribers CPE equipment,such as a PC, wireless router, home gateway, phone, or set-top box. The UNI ports for aresidential ONT are usually the typical native subscriber service interfaces such as 10/100base-T for High Speed Internet (HSI) or IP Video, RF Coax for RF Video overlay

systems, and FXS analog phone interfaces for VoIP PSTN voice. The UNI ports for abusiness ONT may also include 10/100/100Base-T for routers and L2/L3 switches andDS1/E1 interfaces for PBX and/or key systems.

The Optical Network Unit (ONU) terminates the GPON fiber and presents many moreuser network Interfaces (UNI) to multiple subscribers, rather than to just a singlesubscriber like the ONT. Depending on the UNI interface type, such as ADSL2+, VDSL2,


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PowerLine, HPNA or MoCA, and the distance to the subscriber (10/100Base-T is limitedto 100m (330 ft.), the ONUs UNI ports may not be able to connect directly to asubscribers CPE equipment. In this case, the ONUs UNI connects to a NetworkTerminal (NT) device that is placed at the subscribers end location that then canterminate the subscribers CPE equipment, such as a PC, wireless router, phone, IP Videoset-top box, or RF Video set-top box.

Essentially an ONT combines the function of an ONU and an NT in a single device. Thiscombining of the two in one package makes the ONT the most cost effective solution forproviding GPON services to single family premises and single small and mediumbusinesses.

Figure 2shows the GPON network elements defined in ITU-T G.984.

Figure 2 G.984 GPON Network Elements

Optical Distribution Network

The GPON ODN is totally passive as shown in Figure 3. The ODN consists of passive

optical fiber, splices, optical connectors and passive optical splitters. The optical splittersdivide the single fiber into multiple fibers going to different buildings and individualhomes along streets and neighborhood fiber right of ways. These splitters can be placedin any location in the ODN, from the Central Office (CO)/ Local Exchange (LE) to thecustomer premise and may be any size. They are designated as nxm, where n the numberof inputs = 1 or 2,and m is the number of outputs = 2,4,8,16,32,64 and 128, positionedanywhere in the network, from the central office to the user premise.


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Figure 3 G.984 GPON ODN Network

Splitters can be centralized, for example, at the CO/LE, or at the far remote end such asan apartment building. Splitters can create a star ODN, or they can be cascaded inmultiple stages, for a tree and branch ODN, or in the case of asymmetrical 1x2 splitters,they can be linearly chained to create a linear bus ODN, Refer to Figure 4.

G.984.1 _F2

Q

UNI

R/S

S/R

SNI

V reference pointT Reference point

Ac cessNetwork System Management Functions

Optical SplitterOLT

WDM

NE

WDM

AF

NE

ODN

POINT A

POINT B

(a) Reference point

Optical Network Unit

Optical Network TerminalOptical Distribution Network

Optical Line Termination

Wavelength Division Multiplex Module (If WDM is not used, this function is not necessary.)

Network Element which use s the different wavelen gth from the OLT and th e ONU

Adaptation Function (Sometimes, it may be included in the ONU.)

Service Node Interface

User Network Interface

Point on the optical fibre just after the OLT (Downstream)/ONU (Upstream) optical connection

point (i.e., optical co nnector or optical splic e)

Point on the optical fibre just before the ONU (Downstream)/OLT (Upstream) optical connectionpoint (i.e., optical co nnector or optical splic e)

If AF is included in the ONU, this point is not necessary.

If WDM is not used, these points are not necessary.

ONU

ONTODN

OLT

WDM

NE

AF

SNI

UNIS

R

(a) Reference point

POINT A/B

Service

nodefunction

ONU/

ONT

IFPONIFPON

NOTE Whether or not the AF is an operating object of the Q interface dep ends on the service .


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Figure 4 G.984 Splitter Deployment Options

GPON Security

GPON is a secure transmission technology that includes:

1 AES

Advanced Encryption Standard

US government standard

2 ITU-T G.984.3

Defines the transmission convergence layer

Defines AES as the encryption standard for the downstream data

Defines using PLOAM messages to exchange encryption keys and control the

key switching

Defines 128-bit key to operate on the 128-bit blocks of data in the countermode

3 GPON encryption mechanism

Single split vs. cascaded split

OLT P

ONT

2x8ONT

ONT

Exchange Apartment Bl dg.

2x4

ONT

2x8ONT

ONT

Apartment Bl dg.

ONT

2x8ONT

ONT

Apartment Bl dg.

ONT

2x8 ONT

ONT

Apartment Bl dg.

Phase 1 up to eightcustomers per building

OLT 1

ONT

2x32ONT

ONT

Exchange Apar tment Bldg .

ONT

2x32ONT

ONT

Apar tment Bldg .

ONT

2x32ONT

ONT

Apar tment Bldg .

ONT

2x32ONT

ONT

Apar tment Bldg .

OLT 2

OLT 3

OLT 4

Phase 2 32 customers

per building


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Encryption on the downstream direction of the bi-directional GEM ports dueto the broadcast nature of the downstream PON signal

No encryption on the upstream direction

No encryption on the multicast GEM port

Encryption key generated at ONTs

Encryption key sent to OLT in the clear

Physical Layer OAM (PLOAM) messages:

OLT to enable/disable encryption on a per GEM port basis

OLT to request the encryption key generation at the ONTs

OLT to retrieve the encryption key from the ONTs

OLT to coordinate the key switching between OLT and ONTs

Alphion GPON System

This section describes each of the devices in Alphions GPON environment.

The Alphion GPON FTTx system is an all-optical, fiber-to-the-x system that deliversquadruple-play voice, data, video and wireless services to residential and businesssubscribers.

The Alphion GPON FTTx system consists of the following network components, asdescribed further in subsequent sections of this document.

Optical Line Terminal AOLT-4000 platform - the optical line termination unit that

provides Network and GPON interface termination, L2 aggregation and controlfunctions. The model number is:

Optical Network Terminals - the optical network terminal located at thesubscriber premises. The model numbers are:

AONT-100 (single family)

AONT-200 (small business)

AONT-300 (multi dwelling unit)

Optical passives

ASPL series passive splitters

RF Injectors

AGEMS Element management system

The PON.ext PON extension system


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Alphion sample solutions

Passive ring, passive star

The Alphion GPON system is shown in Figure 5and Figure 6.

Figure 5 Elements of Alphion GPON

Voice

Video

Data

GPON

Optical Line Terminal

(OLT)

1 x N

Passive

Optical

Splitter

ONT 1ONT 1

ONT 2ONT 2

ONT 3ONT 3

ONT NONT N

GPON

Optical Network Terminal

(ONT)

Central Office Outside Plant

Customer

Premises

1490 nm ?

? 13 10 n m

Single Fiber

1490 nm D/S1310 nm U/S


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Figure 6 Alphion GPON ODN

Alphion OLT Terminal

The Alphion AOLT-400 consists of the following components:

Control Card

The Alphion AOLT-4000 requires at least one control card to provide managementfunctions such as alarm monitoring. A fully redundant AOLT-4000 requires two controlcards.

Switching and Timing Card

The AOLT-4000 requires a switch and timing module to process data between the GPONline-cards and the core network and to provide the timing source for TDM traffic. A fullyredundant AOLT-4000 requires two switch and timing cards.

GPON Line-cards

The AOLT-4000 requires at least one GPON line-card with a least one port enabled withan SFP. This minimum configuration can support up to 64 or 128 AONT as determined bythe optical link budget.

SFPs and XFPs

All SFPs and XFPs are provided from Alphion. Third-party SFPs and XFPs are notsupported.

FiberDistribution

Frames

1x32splitter

AOLT-4000

X-ConnectPatch Cords

FiberDistribution

Hub

Fiber AccessTerminal

Feeder

Cables

DistributionCables

NetworkInterface

Device

AONT-

100

DropCables

Outside PlantCentral Office Home Network


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Redundant Options

The AOLT-4000 is designed for redundant power, controller, switch, GPON line-cards,fans, and I/O ports to eliminate a single point of failure. The AOLT-4000 shelf can beconfigured in an active/standby configuration with another AOLT-4000 located inanother location to provide the highest degree of redundancy possible.

Network engineers can provision a basic GPON network with one AOLT-4000 shelf, onecontroller, one switch, and one GPON line-card with one SFP to support 128 ONTs within20 km of the AOLT-4000 central office. The AOLT-4000 can be configured for additionalAONT support by adding SFPs and additional GPON line-cards, controller, and switchas needed.

The AOLT-4000 is shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7 Alphion GPON AOLT-4000

Fully FSAN (ITU-T G.984)compliant

Up to 128 ONTs per PON port

60 km logical reach

Supports passive ring and passivestar architectures

200 Gb/s backplane

56 Gb/s uplink capacity Two redundant switch cards with 8

x GbE + 2 x 10-GbE uplink

Up to 40 GPON ports per shelf Single shelf supports up to 5120

ONTs

Platform designed for GPON Not an upgraded BPON

Carr ier class QM333, NEBS, UL, CE

Redundant powering, cooling,storage, control


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Alphion ONU/ONT

The AONT-100C and AONT-100 SFUs are plug-and play devices that require only to bephysically connected to the fiber at the premises and turned on. See Figure 8and Figure 9.

Figure 8 Alphion GPON AONT-100C

AONT-100c

Optical Network Terminal for

Single Family Unit (SFU)

Fully FSAN (ITU-T G.984)

compliant

Smaller size

140 mm x 170 mm x 40 mm

Lower power consumption

Indoor only unit

Ethernet options

4 Fast Ethernet ports

2 POTS lines

Class B+ (28 dB) optics

Ergonomic fiber handling


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Figure 9 Alphion GPON AONT-100

The AONT-100-UPS is a high-density backup power solution companion to the AONT-100 family of SFU ONTs. Unit may be either wall mounted or placed on the floor near theONT.

Figure 10 AONT-100C UPS

Fully FSAN (ITU-T G.984)compliant

Two POTS lines

Four Fast Ethernet ports

Class B+ (28 dB) optics

Ergonomic fiber handling

Indoor unit can be mounted on

wall or table

Indoor or outdoor units

Optional RF video support

Optional battery backup

- Power backup for AONT-100 series- Provides over 18 watts of regulated 12V DC- Provides input overcurrent and output overvoltage and

overcurrent protection- Thermal shutdown

- UL Listed, C-Tick, CE, EN 55022 Class B, EN 60950, EN61000-3-2, FCC Part 15 Class B, UL 60950, VDE, RoHS,and CCC approved

- Provides alarm and indication if the battery is missing- Provides alarm and indication that battery has a failure- Provides 5-6 hours of reserve operation in case of an AC

power failure

- Charges from low voltage cutoff to full reserve in 18hours or less- Controls and maintains the charge for a sealed and

maintenance-free battery- Includes a Low-Voltage-Disconnect (LVD) circuit whenbattery voltage below 10.5V

- Simultaneously provides power to the SFU whilecharging the 9 AH battery IEC C14 AC input connector


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Alphion Passives Splitters

Alphion provides 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128-way splitters, in 1xm and 2xm configurations, toprovide flexibility in minimizing the number of splits necessary to support the network.Locate each splitter as close as possible to the group of AONTs to be serviced so as tominimize fiber run length.

Figure 11 Alphion GPON ASPL

Alphions family of passive optical splitters in an LGX cartridge offer a cost effectivesolution that allow service providers to distribute content from a single fiber to a familyof subscribers through a point-to-multipoint architecture facilitated through the use ofoptical splitters.

These splitters can be arranged in a single, centralized fashion or distributed in acascaded configuration. Since the network is purely passive, it is essential that splitterloss is kept at a minimum. Alphions splitter family is designed and manufactured toinsure minimal splitter loss and maintain uniformity, thereby improving optical reach.

The LGX cartridge Chassis can accommodate up to 12 LGX plug-in modules. Themounting slots are oriented vertically.

Low excess loss

High port-to-port uniformity

Rugged enclosure

Dual input supports PON ring

architecture

1 RU rack mount in 19 or 23 inch

platforms

Wall mountable for MDU

applications

Single (n=1) or dual (n=2) input

ports

Split ratios: nx4, nx8, nx16, nx32

SC/UPC, SC/APC, FC/UPC or

FC/APC connectors

Bulkhead adaptors or pigtail.

, ETSI 21,.or ANSI platforms

models

Bulkhead adapters or pigtail


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Figure 12 LGX Splitter

Alphion Passives - RF Injector

To support 1550-nm video overlay on a GPON network, each affected GPON portrequires an RF injector to be installed at the AOLT-4000. This is done using a 2:N splitter

where the 1 input is from the GPON and the second input is from the RF Opticalamplifier, or using a 3-port DWDM filter. A AONT-100 that has a diplexor opticaltransceiver takes the RF signal on the 1550nm wavelength and converts it back to RFvideo.

These devices are commonly available. However, Alphion can supply them uponrequest.

Alphion PON.ext PON Extension System

Alphion provides a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based PON extensionsystem PON.ext) that allows a single fiber to be extended from a 20 km reach to a

maximum reach of 60 km.

The PON.ext PON extension system can be located:

In the Central Office or Local Exchange

At the premise

- High performance- Superior uniformity

- Low PDL- Rugged enclosure

- High channel counts- Rugged enclosure- Mountable in a 19inch /ETSI 600mm/23

inch LGX chassis that can hold 12 LGXcartridges.

Unit shown is a 2x4 SC/APC LGX splitter with 2 inputsat the top of the cartridge. followed by 4 outputs


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At the splitter

Figure 13 Alphion PON.ext Extension System

Alphion EMS

The Alphion Element Management System for GPON is called AGEMS. The AGEMS

user interface displays the following types of information.

Enables a class B+ GPON to

serve up to 128 customers at 60

km

Semiconductor Optical

Amplifiers based on Alphion

QLight technology

Transparent to protocol and line

rate, usable with BPON and GE-

PON

Alphion 1310 / 1490 nm dual s emiconductor optical amplif ier

Powered by QLight


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Figure 14 Inventory View

Full Inventory View

Domain-based Topology


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Figure 15 Wizard Toolset

Easy Navigation Controls

Complete

Network View

Provisioning

Wizards


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Figure 16 ONT and Service Provisioning Wizards

ONT Provisioning

Wizard

Service Provisioning

Wizard


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Figure 17

Figure 18 Alarm Management

Real-time Shelf

Equipage View

Remote Software

Upgrade

Real-time Alarm

Filtering

Alarm History

View


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Figure 19 Chart Displays

Multiple Visualization

Options

Real-time Alarm

Charts


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chapter 3GPON SystemArchitecture

In this chapter:

Alphion OLT System

Alphion ONT System

GTC Layer Protocol Stack


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This chapter provides a functional overview of the AOLT and the AONT, as well as anoverview of the protocol layers that enable the transfer of user, control, and managementtraffic between the AOLT and the AONTs.

Alphion OLT SystemFigure 20depicts the functional blocks of the AOLT system.

Figure 20 AOLT Functional Blocks

The functional blocks of the AOLT are:

ODN interface function: Each ODN interface function block, referred to as a PONport, implements the Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) layer as defined in [39],complying with the requirements of a particular ODN class (Class B, B+, C, etc.)with which it is designed to interface.

PON TC function:Each PON TC function block implements the GPONTransmission Convergence (GTC) layer per ITU-T G.984.3 [40] . This layercomprises several sub-layers that define the framing and the adaptation of user

and control traffic onto the frames. Interoperability between the AOLT and theAONTs at this layer is critical for the entire PON network. This is described insection GTC Layer Protocol Stack.

Cross-connect function: The cross-connect function enables forwarding user trafficbetween the service shells and the PON core shell, based on the needs of thedifferent service types configured on the system.

ODN interfacefunction

ODN interfacefunction

PON TCfunction

PON TCfunction

Cross-connectfunction

Serviceadaptation

Serviceadaptation

PON core shell Cross-connect shell Service shell


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Service adaptation:The service adaptation function provides translation betweenservice interfaces and the TC layer interfaces on the PON section.

Alphion ONT System

Figure 21depicts the functional blocks of the AONT system.

Figure 21 AONT Functional Blocks

The functional blocks of the AONT are:

ODN interface function:The ODN interface function block, referred to as a PONport, implements the Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) layer as defined in [39],in conformance with the requirements of a particular ODN class (Class B, B+, C,etc.) with which it is designed to interface.

PON TC function:Each PON TC function block implements the GPONTransmission Convergence (GTC) layer per ITU-T G.984.3 [40]. This layercomprises several sub-layers that define the framing and the adaptation of userand control traffic onto the frames.

Service MUX and DEMUX: This function enables multiplexing (in upstream

direction) and de-multiplexing (in downstream) of the user traffic belonging todifferent services, according to operator-configurable criteria (user ID, priority,etc.).

Service adaptation:The service adaptation function provides translation betweenservice interfaces and the TC layer interfaces on the PON section.


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GTC Layer Protocol Stack

Figure 22depicts the protocol stack for the GPON GTC layer.

Figure 22 Protocol Stack for the GTC Layer

The different sub-layers of the GTC layer are defined in [40], and their functionalities aresummarized in the following sections.

GTC Framing Sub-layer

This sub-layer, defined in [40], provides the basic GPON framing structure, referred to asGTC frame.

The GTC framing sub-layer has the following three main functionalities:

1 Multiplexing and de-multiplexing

GPON Transmission Convergence (GTC) Layer

GPON Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) Layer

PLOAM

GTC Framing Sublayer

GTC Adaptation Sublayer

GEM Adapter DBA Control

OMCI Adapter

OMCI GEM Client


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The GTC framing sub-layer allows multiplexing of user payload and controltraffic both in the downstream and upstream directions. The GTC framing formatallows recognizing different higher-layer user and control traffic sections, basedon their location within a GTC frame.

2 Header creation and decoding

Each GTC frame includes a GTC frame header. At the OLT, a GTC frame header iscreated and is formatted in a downstream frame, and an upstream burst header isdecoded in the upstream direction. This sub-layer is itself controlled throughEmbedded OAM, which is included as part of the GTC frame header, and isterminated at this layer.

3 Internal routing function based on Alloc-ID

This sub-layer performs the routing of data from/to the GEM TC Adapter, basedon Alloc-IDs (Allocation IDs).

GTC Adaptation Sub-layer

This sub-layer provides two TC adapters: the GEM Adapterand OMCI Adapter.

The GEM TC Adapter delineates GEM PDUs from the GTC payload section in aGTC frame. In the opposite direction, it maps these PDUs into the GTC payload.This sub-layer also recognizes the ONT Management Control Interface (OMCI)traffic according to a specific GEM Port-ID.

The OMCI Adapter accepts OMCI data from the GEM Adapter, and transfers it tothe higher-layer OMCI (client) entity. In the opposite direction, it transfers OMCIdata from the OMCI entity to the GEM Adapter.

Besides these two adapters, the GTC Adaptation sub-layer also comprises aDynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) control entity, which controls theallocation of upstream bandwidth among the different Traffic Containers (T-CONTs) residing in the same ONT or different ONTs.

Protocol Stack for Control and Management Planes

Figure 23provides an overview of the protocol layers used for the control andmanagement planes.


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Figure 23 Protocol Stack for Control / Management Planes

The control and management planes comprise three different channels:

Embedded OAM: The Embedded OAM channel is provided by field-formattedinformation in the header of a GTC frame. Since each information piece ismapped into a specific field in a GTC frame header, this channel offers a low-latency path for time-urgent control information. The higher-layer functions that

use this channel include bandwidth allocation, security key switching, andDynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) signaling.

PLOAM: The PLOAM channel is a message-formatted channel carried in adedicated space within a GTC frame. This channel is used for all the other PMDand GTC layer management information that is not exchanged via the EmbeddedOAM channel. All the PLOAM messages follow a generic message structure.

GTC Framing Sublayer

PLOAM

GTC Adaptation Sublayer

GEM Adapter

OMCI Adapter

OMCI

Multiplexing based on location within frame

PLOAM Partition GEM Partition Frame Header

Alloc-ID

FilterEmbedded

OAM

Port-ID

Filter


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OMCI: The ONU Management and Control Interface (OMCI) channel is used tomanage the service-defining layers, which reside above the GTC. This channelrelies on the GTC layer to provide a GEM-based transport interface for its traffic,including configuration of appropriate transport protocol flow identifiers (GEMPort-IDs).


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chapter 4Services Overview

In this chapter:

Service Models

High Speed Internet Service

VPN Service

Voice Services

IPTV Services

RF Overlay Video Services


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Telecommunications service providers worldwide made the strategic decision to beginthe migration to an integrated, packet based network that will allow them delivery ofsuperior voice, broadband data, and video services at a fraction of todays cost.

Migration of the legacy telephone and TV service to the integrated packet networkpresents unprecedented challenges as VoIP and video services must match the quality

and reliability of the legacy audio and video services. Voice and video applications arehighly susceptible to network delay, jitter, and of packets arriving out of sequence.Traditional data traffic can well tolerate delays and jitter present in packet networks, butdelay and relatively small jitter can make voice service unworkable. Successful migrationof the legacy voice service to the next generation network (NGN) platform requires anetwork architecture where each application receives adequate network servicesguaranteed by the end-to-end quality of service (QoS) implementation controllingbandwidth, packet loss, jitter, and delay according to the requirements of the individualapplications.

A QoS-enabled network will attempt to deliver a particular kind of service based on theQoS parameter specified (marking 802.1p priority and DSCP bits) by each packet or

frame. Proper support of user level QoS requires effective network level engineering aswell as support of QoS at every network element.

GPON offers 2.488 Gbps on the downstream and 1.244 Gbps on the upstream; thisbandwidth is distributed fairly among the end users (32-to-128) attached to the PON.Within the total bandwidth allocation for a particular subscriber, the service provider cancontrol the bandwidth allocated for each of the services to which the user subscribes. TheAOLT-4000 allows the service provider to provide differentiated services by enforcingbandwidth allocation for both the upstream and downstream directions and assigningunused bandwidth fairly.

Service Models

The following sections describe supported service models.

GPON Access Node

With respect to Ethernet based services, an AOLT-4000 system and its connected ONTsystems together are regarded as a GPON Access Node, the GPON equivalent of theEthernet based Access Node defined in TR-101


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Figure 24 GPON Access Node

GPON Access Node High Level Requirements

The GPON Access Node supports the Ethernet-based services defined in G.984.1 andG.984.4.

The GPON Access Node supports the following Access Node requirements defined /currently being defined by the DSL Forum:

TR-101 Migration to Ethernet-Based DSL Aggregation: a popular accessarchitecture currently deployed for DSL, and

WT-156 - Using GPON in the context of TR-101: a standard currently beingdeveloped that shall stipulate how the TR-101 framework can be utilized inGPON systems

GPON Access Node functions are distributed between the OLT and ONTs.

VLAN Tagging in Access Node

VLAN tagging - a standard virtualization mechanism for Ethernet based networksdefined in IEEE 802.1Q / 802.1ad - provides for mechanisms to realize some of the keyAccess Node requirements per TR-101:

Traffic aggregation: Grouping multiple traffic flows into a single VLAN, identifiedwith a unique 12-bit id

CoS distinction: VLAN tag supports a 3-bit priority field (p-bits)

AOLT-

4000

AONT

(e.g.,AONT-

100c)

AONT

(e.g.,

AONT-

100c)

ODN

UNI

interfaces

GPON Access Node

ODN

C

C


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User isolation & Traceability: A VLAN tag can be allocated to a single user.Alternatively, a VLAN tag can be assigned to a group of users, and additionalmechanisms can be used for isolation & traceability within that group.

VLAN Paradigms in Access Node

To enable different residential and business user scenarios, 3 different VLAN assignmentparadigms shall be supported in the GPON Access Node (AOLT and AONT):

N:1 VLAN: A single VLAN is shared among multiple subscribers

1:1 VLAN: A single VLAN is dedicated for a single subscriber

Transparent VLAN Services (TLS) VLAN: Designated traffic from a businesssubscriber is transparently forwarded, without any modification of the Ethernetframe or header, and without the Access Node being pre-configured with itsVLAN information.

GPON Access Node: GPON-Specific Attributes

With respect to Access Node functions, GPON technology has some uniquecharacteristics in comparison to DSL

GPON medium is inherently point-to-multipoint, and broadcast based.

Notion of GPON Encapsulation Mode (GEM) ports that serve as virtual ports of aPON port, identifying specific traffic flows between the OLT and the ONTs, forclassification and QoS purposes.

Support for complex types of UNI ports at the ONT: e.g., xDSL UNI ports on

MDU ONUs / PON-fed DSLAMs

GPON-specific Access Node Attributes: GEM Ports

GPON, as part of its GPON Transmission Convergence (GTC) layer, uses GPONEncapsulation Mode (GEM) Ports to distinguish between the different traffic flowsbetween the OLT and ONTs.

A GEM Port ID can be used to uniquely identify a specific CoS going to a specificUNI port on an ONT, allowing for per-subscriber per-service QoS.

A GEM port is mapped into one and only one T-CONT a facility in GPON toallocate upstream bandwidth among multiple ONTs.

GEM Ports are assigned automatically (that is, without operator intervention) bythe AOLT based on how VLANs are assigned to UNI ports by the operator and onQoS requirements.

Two types of GEM Ports are defined:


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Figure 26 N:1 VLAN Details

N:1 VLAN Example

This section presents an example N:1 VLAN (S-TAG or S-Tag) with multiple GEM ports.

AOLT

GLC 10

GLC 1

10-GbE port

8 x 1-GbE ports

splitter

AONT 1

Set-

top

box

AONT 1

Set-

top

box

AONT 128

Set-

top

box

splitter

GLCEthernetLayer2

switch

SWTEthernetLayer2switch

splitterAONT 1

Set-

top

box

GLCEthernetLayer2

switch

10-GbE port

HSI VLAN

Legend:

Voice VLAN

Video VLAN

P3

P1

P4

1 1 1

MultipleGEMportsonthesameVLAN,with eachGEMportrepresentingaCoS


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Figure 27 N:1 VLAN Example

A set of GEM ports are used per UNI port, with each GEM port identifying a CoS basedon port, VLAN, p-bits or EtherType.

N:1 VLAN Handling Upstream Direction

The AONT typically is configured to add, or translate an incoming tag on an UNI port to,a provisioned S-Tag (Service VLAN tag). The AONT sends an US frame into anappropriate GEM port (assigned by the OLT) based on the frames CoS.

The AOLT performs learning process to associate the upstream frames VID, MAC SA,and CoS (802.1p) with the incoming GEM port.

The AOLT typically is configured to pass-through upstream packets with an S-Tag.However, to handle special cases, it shall also support VLAN tag (VLAN ID, 802.1p bits)modification towards the SNI ports.

N:1 VLAN Handling - Downstream Direction

The AOLT looks up outgoing PON port and GEM port from MAC DA, VID, and CoS (1p)bits, based on US-learned association.

Then the AONT forwards frames from a GEM port to its associated UNI port after

removing the VLAN tag, or translating it to an outgoing VLAN tag on the UNI interface

SNIPorts

UNI Ports


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High Speed Internet Service

Internet service will allow the subscriber to securely browse the Internet, downloadmusic, video and other data as well as watch streaming video from sites like YouTube.

Streaming video service is not explicitly supported by the service provider; it is treated asbest effort HSI; the QoS applied to IPTV is not provided.

The service is offered over one or more 10/100 Ethernet interfaces directly from the ONTor from a Residential Gateway (GW).

The end user may connect to the network via a RG (residential gateway, also referred toas a home router); in which case the RG is provided an IP address over PPPoE and theusers computer receives the IP address over DHCP.

End users may be directly attached to the ONT; in this case the users computer willreceive an IP address via DHCP.

VPN Service

The public network is a large collection of unrelated machines operating at the same leveland exchanging information freely. A private network connects computers that shareinformation specifically with each other. The Internet is an example of a public network.A virtual private network (VPN) allows the creation of a secure, private network overpublic networks. It is called virtual because it depends on the use of temporaryconnections that have no lasting physical presence. These connections are made up ofLayer 2 (VLANs) or L2TP or Layer 3 (IPSec) or MPLS routed through the Internet.

The AOLT-4000 supports VLAN stacking allowing simple Layer 2 VPN implementation.

Voice Services

Subscribers can access legacy voice services via one the RJ-11 FXS ports of the ONT. Thesubscribers phone will access a legacy Class 5 CO over the IP network via a SIP-to-V5.2gateway eliminating the need to build and maintain a copper infrastructure.


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Figure 28 SIP-to-V5.2

The ONT supports all the CLASS features the CO can offer like 3-way calling, callwaiting, CLID, as well as FAX and modem calls.

Also the FXS port accepts an answering machine.

IPTV Services

IPTV is the delivery of traditional TV services, including broadcast television, pay-per-view, VOD, time shifted PVR, interactive TV over a broadband IP network to an IPenabled set-top box. With IPTV, the network operator controls the user experience, theprogramming and applications delivered, and the quality of service (QoS) of thebroadband IP pipe to the subscriber. IPTV includes support for both standard and highdefinition television (HDTV) and uses MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 encoding.

IPTV is crucial for telecom operators to remain competitive in the market where servicebundling is the only way to compete.

The main components of the IPTV networks are the:

Encoders

Streaming Servers

DRM (Digital Right Management)

Middleware

Set-top box

A prerequisite to the IPTV service is a QoS-enabled network that can deliver a particular

kind of service based on the QoS parameter specified (marking 802.1p priority and DSCPbits) by each packet or frame. GPON can provide the broadband access with thenecessary bandwidth and QoS.

Bandwidth requirements for IPTV dwarf any other service; IPTV needs about 4 Mbps foran MPEG2 encoded channel, 3 Mbps for a standard definition MPEG4 encoded channeland about 8 Mbps for an MPEG4 encoded HDTV channel.


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Broadcast television is delivered via IP multicast thus reducing bandwidth requirements.In IP multicast, a single stream is received by a large number of users; packet replicationis done at the closest point to the end user.

Time shifted TV and VOD are unicast using network resources over the entire path fromsource to the endpoint.

RF Overlay Video Services

Service providers can leverage existing CATV infrastructure and inside-home wiring bydelivering triple play services via an RF overlay when implementing GPON access. TheRF overlay solution obsoletes CMTS, while offering much higher bandwidth for HSI withreduced IP bandwidth requirements for offering triple play.

RF overlay solution is shown in Figure 29.

Figure 29 RF Overlay

The analog or digital TV signal will be carried over the third wavelength at 1550 nm. TheRF video transmission is unidirectional, for interactive service the 1310 nm signal shallcarry the return path.


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The RF signal is modulated via a video transmitter and usually is further amplified todeliver an optical signal to the RF capable ONT at 0 to -9 dBM level. The amplified signalis combined with the PON signals via a passive WDM coupler and transmitted over thePON to the ONT-s. At the ONT the triplexer separates the 1550 nm signal and feeds it tothe RF converter. The RF converter delivers the signal to the TV set in case of an analogtransmission or to a set top box for digital TV.

Design Considerations

Due to the nature of the analog modulation of the 1550 nm signal the sensitivity of theONT is at 0 to -9 dBm while the sensitivity of the 1480 nm PON receiver is -28 dBm. Theoptical budget for the PON is 28 dB; the power level of the RF overlay transmission mustbe adjusted to this fact.

The optical transmitter and EDFA optical amplifiers are relatively expensive devicestherefore the engineering shall focus on maximizing the number of users served by those.

The following example shows a design where one optical transmitter can support up to4096 end users.

Figure 30shows a typical deployment using 1 optical transmitter and 34 EDFA-s coveringup to 4096 end users. The figure shows cascaded splitting having a slightly higher lossthen centralized splitting.

Figure 30 Overlay Budget

The RF signal fed into the video transmitter is converted into an optical signal at 1550 nmwith a typical output level of 10 dBm. Many transmitters have dual output. Given thesensibility of the RF side of the ONT of -9 dBm and the optical budget of 28 dB of thePON the output power at the WDM coupler must be around 20 dBm from where it issplit 32 ways to ONT-s.

1550 nm

10 dBm

EDFA 1

Pre AmplifierWDM1

Splitter1

(1:32)

Video

Transmitter

:

2

Node 3:

Input power 3dBm

EDFA 2

Post Amplifier

+23dBm

Node 4

Input power 23dBm

Node 5

Input power 19 .5 dBm

2

Video Receiver Sensitivity

-9dBm

OLT

Central Office SideCascade split

Node 0

7

1

WDM2

1550 n

m

Node 8:

4

1490 /1310 nm

1490 /1310 nm

28 dB

Transmission

Loss

ONT

Video

RF

AMP

1

32

15

..

1

1

3

2

Node 6 :

Input power 18.5 dBm

1

8

N72

Home Side

Node 2

Input power 20 dBM

Splitter2

(1:2)

Splitter3

(1:4)

Splitter4

(1:8)

N3

Video

Transmitter

EDFA EDFA WDM WDM

20 dBm


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There can be many different designs based on the number of end users and networktopology but all the designs shall follow the same principles and budget calculation.


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chapter 5Capacity Planning

In this chapter:

AOLT-4000 Capacity

Splitter Capacity

AONT Capacity


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There are both port and bandwidth requirements for a GPON access network. Whenplanning service, the provider must plan for the appropriate number of ONTs andsufficient bandwidth per user. Planning includes:

GLC/GLCP modules

Splitting ratio

Uplink (SNI) ports

Redundancy

AOLT-4000 Capacity

The AOLT resides in the CO for the area to be serviced. There are two considerations thatmust be addressed when configuring each AOLT:

Number of ports

Number of cards - non-redundant and redundant

Number of Ports

To determine per port dependencies, consider:

Each GPON port requires an Alphion SFP.

Each GigE port requires an Alphion SFP.

Each 10GigE LAN port requires an Alphion XFP.

GPON Ports

AOLT can support up to ten GPON line-cards and each GPON line-card can support

up to four ports. Each port supports a single-mode optical fiber capable of being split into

128 timeslots.

The maximum capacity of an AOLT is:

40 x 128 = 5,210

Therefore each AOLT-4000 chassis can support up to 5,210 AONTs.

Each port can be configured with a redundant counterpart. Configuring a port to beredundant reduces the number of AONTs that can be supported in the case of redundantGLCs. For example:

1 : 1 port redundancy requires two ports.


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Where:

1:1 means only 1 port is active and the other is in standby and is unable to carrytraffic.

In the case of GLCP, the total OLT port count is not reduced due to the increased port

count per module.

GigE SNI Ports

Each switch card has 8 x 1GE SNI ports. The OLT can have 2 switch cards with 1:1redundancy.

AOLT supports GE port aggregation. Ports can be aggregated in multiple trunkgroups, supporting any combination of ports for example, 2 ports, 3 ports, up to8 ports per trunk.

10GigE SNI Ports

Each switch card has 2 x 10 GE LAN ports. The OLT can have 2 switch cards with1:1 redundancy.

Number of Cards

The AOLT shelf can support two switches and two control cards, as well as redundantpower supplies and fans. All points of failure on the AOLT can be mitigated byredundancy planning, including planning for redundant AOLTs in geographicallydiverse locations.

Splitter Capacity

Alphion optical splitters allow the single fiber line to be split into 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128individual optical lines.

Each line split consumes xdB (depending on splitter size and type) of the 28 dB availablefrom each port.

Table 1 Splitter Loss

Splitting ratio Loss in dB

2 3

4 68 9

16 12

32 15


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To provide a maximum of 128 ports, typically four 32-way splitters are required.However other splitter combinations are possible, such as:

1x2 followed by 1x64



SOAs can replace the dB loss created by insertions (splits). An SOA can extend the rangeof a GPON signal from 20km to 60km.

AONT Capacity

This section describe AONT capacity planning.

Subscriber Bandwidth CapacityRaw downstream bandwidth is 2.488 Gbps while the raw upstream bandwidth is 1.244Gbps. Figure 31shows bandwidth requirements by quadruple-play subscribers

Figure 31 Subscriber Services and Bandwidth Example


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chapter 6Non-protected SystemConfigurations

In this chapter:

Power, Clock, and Alarm Panel

CTL

SWT

GLC


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The AOLT-4000 GPON system is designed to support redundancy protection. Howevercustomers can choose to purchase non-redundant systems for lower cost. This sectiondescribes the non-protected system configuration.

Figure 32illustrates the AOLT-4000 chassis layout for a non-redundant systemconfiguration. The common section on the top of the chassis is the interconnection panel

for DC power inputs, BITS/SSU clock inputs and outputs, alarm displays, alarm cutoffbutton and alarm outputs. The left most slot holds the System Control (CTL) card. Theadjacent dual width slot holds the Switch and Timing (SWT) card. The middle 10 slotshold the 10 GPON Line cards. On the right hand side, the two slots are reserved forredundant CTL and SWT cards

Figure 32 Non-protected AOLT-4000 Chassis Layout

All the plug-in cards are connected together through the backplane. Figure 33illustrates

the interconnections between the cards.

Power, Clock, and Alarm Panel

Redundant -48VDC inputs are fed to all slots. All plug-in cards support redundant DCpower inputs.

The LEDs on the panel indicate the system alarms. The ACO button allows the alarmcutoff maintenance action. The system alarm outputs are fed to the centralized alarmdisplay in the central office environment.

The AOLT-4000s operation requires a central office BITS/SSU clock. Two redundantBITS/SSU clock inputs are connected to the Switch and Timing card slots. The panel alsoprovides the buffered BITS/SSU clock output.

Power, clock and alarm panel

CTL

SWT

BLANK

BLANK

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP


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CTL

The System Control card manages the other plug-in cards through the point-to-point GEinterface and shared I2C interface. It connects to the network management systemsthrough the fast Ethernet interfaces and/or the USB interface on the faceplate.

SWT

The Switch and Timing card connects to the GPON line cards via 10GE XAUI interfaces.It distributes the system clock to all the GLC slots. The network facing interfaces consistof two 10 GE interfaces and eight GE interfaces on the faceplate.

GLC

The GPON line card supports four ITU-T standards-compliant OLTs ports. It accepts fourAlphion SFP OLT transceivers on the faceplate.

The GLCP GPON protected path line card supports four working ITU-T standardscompliant OLTs ports. It accepts eight Alphion SFP OLT transceivers on the faceplate,four for the working paths and four for the corresponding protected paths. Working andprotection ports are grouped as adjacent pairs.


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Figure 33 Non-protected AOLT-4000 System Architecture

Each OLT port is connected to a 1:N optical splitter. N is typically 32 or 64. The ONT/ONUs are connected to the N splits. Figure 34shows the non-protected OLT to ONT/ONUs configuration.

SWT #1

GLC #3

GLC #4

GLC #5

GLC #6

GLC #2

GLC #7

GLC #8

GLC #9

GLC #10

GLC #1

CTL #1

10 x GEs

10 x XAUIs

+ clock

Dual circuit

breaker

Redundant

-48VDC input

Redundant

-48VDC output

to all slots

Clock circuitRedundant

BITS clock inputBITS clock output

2 x 10GE

8 x GE

2 x FE

1 x USB

Alarm control

and displayAlarm LEDs

System alarm output

& ACO

GE

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports


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Figure 34 Non-protected OLT/ONU Configuration

OLT port

1:N

splitterONU #1

ONU #N

Aggregationswitch

ONU/ONT #1

ONU/ONT #N


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chapter 7Protected SystemConfigurations

In this chapter:

CTL Protection

SWT Protection

OLT Port Protection


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The AOLT-4000 GPON system is designed to support redundancy. This section describesthe protected system configuration.

Figure 35illustrates the AOLT-4000 chassis layout for a redundant system configuration.The chassis layout is similar to the non-redundant system with the exception of extra CLTand SWT being plugged in.

Figure 35 Protected AOLT-4000 Chassis Layout

CTL Protection

Either of the redundant CTLs is able to manage the entire system. Typically theredundant CTLs both are connected to the EMS so that EMS can continue to manage thesystem in the presence of single CTL failure. See Figure 36.

SWT Protection

The GLCs network-facing interfaces connect to the two redundant SWT cards. If theactive SWT card fails, the traffic is automatically switched over to the standby SWT card.See Figure 36.

OLT Port Protection

In the OLT port protected system configuration, the working and protection OLT portsare connected to a 2 x N optical splitter. The working OLT port operates in the same wayas non-protected system configuration. The protection OLT port turns off its opticaltransceiver to avoid interfering with the working OLT port. Upon detecting a failure inthe working path, for example a fiber cut, the affected OLT port turns off its opticaltransceiver. The user traffic stops. The protection OLT port turns on its optical transceiver.The user traffic starts flowing through the protection path.

Power, clock and alarm panel

CTL

SWT

CTL

SWT

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP

GLC/GLCP


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Figure 36 Protected AOLT-4000 System Architecture

As mentioned in the previous section, the DC power input and BITS/SSU input areredundantly protected as well.

Figure 37shows the protected OLT to ONT/ONU configuration.

SWT #1

GLC #3

10 x GEs

SWT #2

GLC #4

GLC #5

GLC #6

GLC #2

GLC #7

GLC #8

GLC #9

GLC #10

GLC #1

CTL #1

CTL #2

10 x GEs

10 x XAUIs

+ clock

10 x XAUIs

+ clock

Dual circuit

breaker

Redundant

-48VDC input

Redundant

-48VDC output

to all slots

Clock circuitRedundant

BITS clock inputBITS clock output

2 x 10GE

8 x GE

2 x 10GE

8 x GE

2 x FE

1 x USB

2 x FE

1 x USB

Alarm control

and displayAlarm LEDs

System alarm output

& ACO

Redundancy

control

Redundancy

control

2 x GEs

2 x GEs

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports

4 x GPON OLT ports


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Figure 37 Protected OLT/ONU Configuration


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chapter 8Equipment ConfigurationGuidelines

In this chapter:

Service Provisioning - Initial Configuration

High Speed Internet (HSI) / Data Service Provisioning

Voice Service Provisioning

Muticast (Video) Service Provisioning


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This section provides an overview of the configuration steps required to perform initialconfiguration of the system, and the steps required to provision different types of serviceson the Alphion GPON system.

Service Provisioning - Initial ConfigurationThe following initial configuration steps are required to be performed on the AOLT andAONT systems before any service can be provisioned.

1 Configure System ID and/or IP address using the AEMS craft terminal or theControl cards CLI.

2 On the SWT card:

Depending on uplink connectivity, create Link-aggregated trunks out of the10-GbE or 1-GbE ports

Configure RSTP parameters

Specify Layer 2 switchs aging time

3 Insert GLC/GLCP cards into AOLT-4000 chassis.

PON port instances shall automatically be created

Specify GLC/GLCP cards Layer 2 switchs aging time

4 Configure the AONT.

Add on-demand / Range the AONT

Download SW image to AONT

Activate the AONT

Using AEMS, provision UNI ports (Ethernet, POTS, etc.) on the AONT

5 Create a service-specific QoS / VLAN profile (if a matching profile for thesubscriber is not already existing).

Specify per-port default priority (802.1p) bits for the subscriber UNI port

Specify DSCP to 802.1p mapping

Specify VLAN handling for the subscriber UNIs

Upstream: Add or translate to a new VLAN tag

Downstream: Strip VLAN tag or translate it to another VLAN tag to useon the UNI port

6 Create a service-specific bandwidth profile (if a matching profile for thesubscriber is not already existing).


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Specify Committed Information Rate (SIR) and Excess Information Rate (EIR)

7 Create a service-specific priority queue profile (if a matching profile for thesubscriber is not already existing).

Specify the number of distinct queues to use

Specify weight factor for each queue

Specify P-bit to Queue mapping

High Speed Internet (HSI) / Data Service Provisioning

The steps required to provision an instance of the HSI service include:

1 Complete initial provisioning steps described above in Service Provisioning - InitialConfiguration

2 Configure the external network elements.

Configuration related to VLAN (that is, S-VLAN) and DHCP (for example,DHCP server address configuration) are performed on the network elementsupstream to the AOLT (that is, the Layer 2 aggregation switch, the BroadbandNetwork Gateway (BNG), etc.)

3 Configuring S-VLAN on the AOLT and AOLT systems.

Create the same VLAN configured in step (2) above as the S-VLAN.

Configure the uplink SNI port (which could possibly be link aggregated) and

PON-side port on the SWT card to belong to the S-VLAN used in step 2)above.

4 Provision HSI service using N:1 VLAN.

Perform the initial provisioning on the AOLT and AONTs, as describedearlier.

Provision the Ethernet aggregation network (i.e., the network between theAOLT and the Broadband Network Gateway (BNG)).

Create S-VLAN on the BNG and other network elements upstream toAOLT.

Establish Layer 2 connections over the aggregation network (MAN)transport medium (e.g., RPR).

Set up the Layer 3 Edge Router / BNG, and the DHCP server(s), as necessary,for HSI service for the subscriber.


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5 Specify the QoS, bandwidth, and priority queue profiles (previously created) touse for the HSI service.

6 Specify the S-VLAN for the service (This VLAN shall be same as the S-VLANconfigured on the network elements upstream to the AOLT, including the BNG.)

Create S-VLAN on the SWT card, and add as members to this S-VLAN, theappropriate uplink SNI interface (possibly link aggregated) and the PON-side(SWT-GLC) 10-GbE port to the appropriate GLC card (i.e., the GLC card off ofone of whose PON ports the subscriber is connected.)

Associate the appropriate UNI port on the subscriber AONT with the S-VLAN for the service.

Assumption: The UNI port on the subscriber AONT has already beencreated as part of the Initial Configuration steps.

Configure the S-VLAN on the appropriate GLC card, which triggersgeneration of OMCI messages towards the appropriate ONT resulting in

the configuration of the associated UNI port. Identify whether the S-VLAN is stacked or not (typically N:1 VLANs are

single-tagged VLANs).

T-CONT and GEM port shall be automatically assigned by the AOLT(GLC card SW