CABAS® Accelerated Independent Learner Model

of Instruction

CABAS® AIL Model of Instruction

• General Education / Inclusion Classroom• Academic Literacy

• Self-Management

• Problem Solving

• Community of Reinforcers

Component 1: Implementation of Research-Based Tactics• Research based tactics to address performance AND learning

behaviors

• Performance- Arrangement of classroom contingencies so students emit previously learned behaviors

• Learning- Acquisition of new operants and building community of reinforcers for students

Contingency Contracts

Self-Monitoring

Public Posting

Yoked Contingency Game Boards

Hero-Contingencies

Point Systems

Behavior Specific Praise

PerformanceTactics

Classroom Rules

• Clear Expectations for Performance Behaviors are Established Immediately o Classroom rules created with students on the first day of school (Greer, 2002)

o Rules are stated with behaviors to engage in rather than what not to do

Behavior Specific Praise

• Approvals should be behavior specific (i.e., not “good job”)

• focus on what you want the child to do, rather than what the child should not do.

Examples of Behavior Specific Praise

I love how you are raising your hand.

Thank you for waiting to be called on!

Great job working so quietly at your seat

Thank you for lining up so quickly and quietly!

I love how you are helping your friend

Token Economy

• Students earn points for "academic behavior" and "following directions” (Ayllon & Azrin, 1968).

• Schedules can be individualized, but in the same topography for all students• Cash in points for various items on the daily menu (games, books, prizes, iPad time, reading, writing)

Token Economy/ Point System

List of Target Behaviors of what students can earn points or tokens for

Yoked-Contingency Game-boards

• Students work together to earn a shared reinforcer. (Stolfi, 2005; Walsh, 2009: Rielly-Lawsen, 2009)

• Students versus Teachers.

• Competitive group contingencies.

Dependent Group Contingencies (Walker & Buckley, 1972)

• One student earns a reinforcer for the whole class for meeting a set goal

• Heroes set a goal independently or with the help of a teacher

• Used in classrooms with a social community that will reinforce peers’ attempts to meet their goal

Vicarious Reinforcement

• Reinforcing students for engaging in appropriate behaviors in order to get other students to follow directions.

• Example: The student was not staying in her chair or following teacher directions.

• Other students were reinforced for engaging in appropriate behaviors, and received points/tokens for following directions and staying in his/her seat.

Public Posting

• Public posting is a tactic that publically displays the performance of individuals in order to increase performance on a specific task.

• Public posting of performance has been shown to be effective across a variety of settings, which include both classroom and in work settings (Van Houten, Hill, & Parsons, 1975)

Public Posting

Contingency Contracts

• A contingency contract (behavior contract) is a document that specifies contingent relationship between the completion of a specified behavior and access to (or delivery of) a specific reward

• Usually for an individual

• Can be modified for any grade/ functioning level

• Requires these components• TASK

• REWARD

Self-monitoring

• As students learn more skills, teach the student to manage his/her own behavior plan

• Manage timer and take data

• Follow a checklist

• Be responsible for trading in, deliver own reinforcer

Summary of Classroom Management and Performance Tactics

✓Post 5 classroom rules✓Behavior specific praise✓Vicarious Reinforcement✓Token Economy/ Point System✓Public Postings✓Yoked Contingency Game Boards✓Dependent Group Contingencies Individualized Performance Tactics• Contingency Contracts• Self-Monitoring

Fluency

Choral Responding

Response Boards

Peer TutoringLearn Unit

Personalized System of

Instruction (PSI)

Instructional Demonstration

LUs

LEARNING Tactics

The Learn Unit

• A learn unit is an interlocking 3-term contingency between the teacher and student (Greer, 2002)

• Students work in small group for academic instruction. Groups are arranged by academic levels

Choral Responding & Response Boards

• Choral Responding:• Following a click, clap, or snap, students respond in unison to a vocal

antecedent given by the teacher.• Allows the teacher to assess knowledge of all students in a larger group.

• Allows the teacher to pinpoint students who may need increased opportunities to respond.

• Response Boards:• Students write responses on white boards to vocal and written antecedents.

Following a signal, the students show their responses to the teacher for immediate feedback.

Instructional Demonstration Learn Units

For Students with bidirectional naming (BiN), presentation of 2 models of the target skills.

Example(s):

Peer-Tutoring

• Peer tutoring: a peer-mediated tactic in which pairs of students serve as tutors and tutees.

• Peer tutoring with learn units benefit the classroom in the following ways:

• Increase in the number of learn units received by both the tutor and the tutee

• Significant improvement in self-monitoring and self-management skills (Greer, 2002; Greer, Keohane, Maincke, Gautreaux, Pereira, Chavez-Brown, & Yuan, 2004)

Personalized System of Instruction (PSI)

• Students “read and do”

• Learn through model demonstrations on paper/video

• Complete independent work

• Self-correct

Fluency

• Students emit component skills to a rate criterion

• We want students to be automatic in their responses• Automaticity = less time for composite skills and more time for learning

higher-order operants.

• Math

• Reading

• Transcription

• Students work to “beat their times”

Summary of Research Based Learning Tactics

✓All instruction utilizes use of learn unit (within group settings)

✓For students with BiN, use of instructional demonstration learn units (IDLUs)

✓Choral Responding and Response Boards

✓Peer Tutoring

✓Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) for students with prerequisites (read do correspondence)

✓Fluency