Cable Television in Japan

May 26, 2017

Japan Cable Laboratories

Overview of

Japanese Cable Television industry

2

RetransmissionTerrestrial TV and

Broadcasting Satellite (BS)

RetransmissionTerrestrial TV and

Broadcasting Satellite (BS)Cable Television

ChannelsNews, sports, movies, etc

Cable Television Channels

News, sports, movies, etc

Community ChannelLocal programming by

Cable TV stations

Community ChannelLocal programming by

Cable TV stations

Internet &IP TelephonyInternet &

IP TelephonyVideo On DemandVideo On Demand

TV Station

Cable TV Station

Fiscal year 2014Number of Commercial Operators: 294Total Commercial Revenues: 497.5 billion JYen

The first Japanese cable television station began operation in 1955, two years afterJapan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) started television broadcasting, to retransmitNHK programs to a spring resort 150 kilometers north of Tokyo.

As of March 2015, cable television reaches 52.2% of Japanese households, with29.2 million subscribers (households), of which 9.8 million subscribe to paidchannels

Japanese Cable Television

3

※ 平成22年度までの統計値は、自主放送を行う旧許可施設及び旧電気通信役務利用放送法 の登録を受けた者の設備（旧有線役務利用放送設備）の加入世帯数、普及率の推移。

：ＲＦ方式

：ＩＰマルチキャスト方式

：普及率：普及率（ＲＦのみ）

〔10K households〕 〔Penetration %〕

789

9431044

1300

1514

16541788

1913

20612194

2301

24712602 2656 2707

2767 2817 2852

10

1723

46

70

90109 98

97 101 96

38

40.342.3

4446.7

48.8 49.6 50 49.8 50.4 50.6

17

2021.8

26.8

31.133.2

35.9

38.2

40.6

42.944.9

48

50.451.6 51.8 51.5 52.2 52.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

2250

2500

2750

3000

3250

3500

10年度 11年度 12年度 13年度 14年度 15年度 16年度 17年度 18年度 19年度 20年度 21年度 22年度 23年度 24年度 25年度 26年度 27年度

Yearly Increase of Cable Television Subscribers

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2015

RFIP MulticastPenetrationPenetration (RF)

×▲

(Source: MIC)4

4,257 4,807 5,061

5,812 6,534

7,101 7,399

8,320 9,088 9,238

10,358 10,567

12,520 12,853

3,076 3,330 3,533 3,850 4,050 4,746 4,667

5,134 5,437 5,177 4,930 5,030 4,975 5,003

2,956 3,057 3,244 3,467 3,7624,364 4,309 4,623 4,883 4,757 4,474 4,607 4,468 4,468

120 272 288 383 288 382 358 511 555 420 456 423 507 535

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

Ｈ14… Ｈ15… Ｈ16… Ｈ17… Ｈ18… Ｈ19… Ｈ20… Ｈ21… Ｈ22… Ｈ23… Ｈ24… Ｈ25… Ｈ26… Ｈ26…

100 Million JYen

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

(Fiscal)

Yearly Increase of Cable Television Revenue

Total revenue(incl. telecom revenue )

Cable TV revenueOperating costsOperating revenue

(Source: MIC)5

3,286 3,410 3,493 3,530 3,601 3,680 3,724 3,739 3,761 3,781 3,824 3,849 3,874

1,780

2,022 2,230

2,385 2,531

2,661 2,704 2,729 2,757 2,787 2,834 2,867 2,900

974 820

670

542 447 375 358 344 332 320 310 299 288

531 567 591

601 623 643 661 665 671 673 679 683 686

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

2010.3 2011.3 2012.3 2013.3 2014.3 2015.3 2015.6 2015.9 2015.12 2016.3 2016.6 2016.9 2016.12

Fixed Broadband FTTH DSL CATV internet FWA

（10k subscribers）

(Source: MIC)

Broadband Services Subscribers

6

Evolution of Japanese Cable STB and Services

7

Evolution of Cable STB in Japan

1953 1960 1989 1996 2010 2014B/W(SD)

Color TV(SD)

Muse(Analog HD)

Digital TV（SD/HD)

20132008IPTV

2016

Accelerated evolution after 2008

Smart TV

YouTube

OTTHulu

Single Platform

GoogleTV

AppleTV

Manufacturers Platform

SamsungPanasonic

acTVila

Broadcasters Platform

HbbTV HybridcastGoogle

PlayApp

Store

High

Qu

ality Vid

eo

Large Display, Less power consumption

Large LCD

OLED

UHDHD

VR/AR

• Downloadable applications• Interactive with smartphones and home network• ITU-T J.295/296 (Hybrid Cable STB)

2nd Generation STBSmart TV compatible

ImprovedUI/UX

HTML5 DAE

Home Network

DLNA

Smart TVSmart TV

4K/8K4K/8K

• 4K Video• 5.1ch audio• ITU-T J.297 (4K Cable STB)

４K UHDTV

1st Generation Digital STB

8

Netflix

SD

H.265HEVC

H.262MPEG2

H.264MPEG4 AVC

Smart TV services with 2nd Gen STB

HOME NETWORK

Wi-Fi

2nd Gen STB

CableOperator

Internet

BillingBillingIDID SearchSearch

Recom-mend

Recom-mend

Smartphone & Tablet

HFC (DOCSIS) or FTTH

Mobile NW（3G, 3.9G, 4G), Wi-Fi

ContentContent MetadataMetadata

APPAPP

Common APPs (Games, Widgets, Tools, etc)Common APPs (Games, Widgets, Tools, etc)

Multiple DVR

NAS

Content to go

Cable Portal

Widget

Internet VideoInternet Radio

Target Ad.

Remote UI（2nd screen）

Service Delivery Platform (SDP)

UIInteractive

content

Multi-device

HTML5, Android ApplicationsHTML5, Android Applications

9

3rd Generation STB

3rd Gen STB

4K UHDTV

Remote Viewing

on the road

MirroringPersonalized PortalEPGRemote control

Multi-device

Services for and in collaboration with tablets and smartphones

10

国内における4Kサービス取り組み状況

2014 2015 2016

2017 2018 2019 20201Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q

NexTV-F

Terrestrial

BroadcastingSatellite 110°E

Communications Satellite 110°E

CS124°/128°

NTT PlalaIP VoD

③

AcTVilaIP VoD

Cable TV 4K

Cable TV 4KIP VOD

Cable TV 4KRF VOD

No Plan

Experimental ４K/8K

(ch.17)

Sky Perfect 4K (Commercial Service)

March 2015

Hikari TV 4K

Oct 2014

4K AcTVila

Retransmission of

Channel 4K (RF/IP)

Milplus 4K

May 2015

Dec 2014

Apr 2016

Bro

ad

caste

rs

Telc

oC

ab

le T

V

Channel 4K (Experimental Satellite

Service on CS 124/128 ）

4K Services in Japan

J:COM On Demand

Cable 4K(IP)

Experimental ４K

（JSAT-１１０A LHCP)

Commercial 4K

(LHCP)

Commercial 4K/8K

(RHCP & LHCP)

Cable 4K(RF)

BS ch.17 (TS)

11

• Cable 4K RF & IP– Cable 4K RF with 64 bit encryption

– Cable 4K IP with Marlin CAS/DRM (AES128 encryption)

• New cable channels with AES 128 encryption (ACAS)– In anticipation of Hollywood 4K movies

• Retransmission of Advanced Satellite Broadcasting– AES 128 encryption (ACAS)

– MMT (MPEG Media Transport) in place of MPEG2 TS

• IP VoD– MPEG DASH

– Common Encryption Scheme (CENC) (ITU-T J.1005/1006)

12

4K services supported by 3rd Gen. STB

Cable TV stations

Content Providers

Production

Compilation

Japan Cable and TelecommunicationsAssociation （JCTA)

Policy making and supervision for

content production and compilation

Distribution

JDS局JDS局JDS局Cable Headend

JDS局JDS局JDS局Cable Headend

NW NWRF RFIP IP

Cable 4K Platform

Cable 4K Content Distribution Scheme

13

Cable 4K RF Transmission System

AJC-CMS

Content

AContent

BContent

CA‘ B‘ C‘ Channels

A‘ B’ C’

Subscriber Management System

(SMS)

Mu

ltiplexe

r

IP Tran

smissio

n（

IP→

TS）

IP Tran

smissio

n（

TS→IP

)

ContentContent Cable Operator HECable Operator HECable PlatformCable Platform SubscriberSubscriber

STBSTB

PSI/SIPSI/SI

Scramb

ler

CAS Server

CASECM/EMM

EPGEPG

4K TV4K TV

HEVCFile

Encoder

Pla

you

t S

tora

ge

64QAM

64QAM

NITNIT

All Japan CableContent Management System

25Mbit/s bitrate

14

A‘ B‘ C‘

L3/SWHEVCFile

Encoder

Serv

ers

Authentication & Authorization

Server

Permission, etc

STBSTB

Cable 4K IP Transmission System

ContentContent Cable Operator HECable Operator HECable PlatformCable Platform SubscriberSubscriber

Pla

you

t S

tora

ge

AJC-CMS

Content

AContent

BContent

C

All Japan CableContent Management System

CMTS

OLTL3/SW

Subscriber Management System (SMS)

Configuration

SI

SNTP

DRM (Marlin)

4K TV4K TV

15

New cables channels with AES128

• Use of ACAS (AES 128 Encryption)– This is in response to US MovieLabs Specification for

Enhanced Content Protection, which defines the following, among others:

• Use of a cypher of AES 128 or better

• Can revoke and renew versions of client component

• Provision of hardware root of trust (HRoT)

– The same CAS system as the Advanced Satellite Broadcasting (next slide)

• Use of H.265 HEVC and H.264/AVC– This enables up to four times more efficient bandwidth

usage than the existing cable channels.

16

Retransmission of advanced satellite service

• Ten (10) 4K channels on Japanese Broadcasting Satellite (BS) starting in December 2018– Ten (10) 4K channels (6 on right-hand circular polarization

(RHCP), 4 on left-hand circular pol (LHCP))

– One (1) 8K channel on LHCP

• New equipment required to carry those services over cable:– HE and STB to send and receive MMT (MPEG Media

Transport) replacing MPEG-2 TS

– CAS system with 128bit AES (ACAS)

– HDR TV (HLG)

– For 8K, HE and STB capable of channel bonding scheme as defined in Annex A of ITU-T J.183

17

MMT (MPEG Media Transport)

• ISO/IEC 23008 (March 2014)MPEG-H: High efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous environments

• MMT is defined as Part 1 of MPEG-H

• MPEG-H suite includes HEVC (H.265) as Part 2

Part 1: MPEG Media Transport (MMT)

Part 2: High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)

Part 3: 3D Audio

Part 10: FEC Codes for MPEG Media Transport

Part 11: Composition coding for MMT

18

BroadcastNW

Telco NW

TimeSync

NTP SI MMTP

NTP SI MMTP

Example：Main video via broadcasting network, while videos from different cameras via telco network

URL

リプレイ

Advantage of MMT

• MMT has the following features which overcome the shortcomings of MPEG-2 TS:

1. Can synchronize streams from different sources (e.g. streams from broadcasting and broadband), using NTP

2. Uses variable length packets – suitable for transporting high bit rate streams or large size files

19

Source： ARIB STD-B60 “Media Transport on Digital Broadcasting”

MMT Protocol Stack

MMT packets are annexed to IP header

IP packets are multiplexed* using TLV (Type Length Value) for transmission over digital broadcasting channel

Broadcasting Channel

TLV

UDP/IP

MMT TLV

TMC

C

ContentDownload

NTP

(Timin

g)

Video

HEVC

Audio MM

T-SI

Apps

HTML5AACALS

Sub-title

Sub-titleEncoding

EPG

TMCC: Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration and Control (ISDB system parameters; not on cable channel)

*ITU-R BT.1869

20

Broadcasters’ CAS Security Chip (ACAS)

HRoT by means of a dedicated hardware chip

Path between SoC and the CAS chip is securely encrypted

CAS software renewable by software download

SoC

CASSecurity

Chip

SoftwareDownload

・Scrambler: AES 128・CAS: standardized (one type)・SoC: not dependent on CAS security chip

SAC(authenticated and encrypted)

21

HDR is a technology to extend the luminance of video signal

Two main standards to define HDR transfer functions– HLG :Hybrid Log Gamma

– PQ: Perceptual Quantization

Japanese broadcasters will use HLG for the time being, with PQ for further study

＜SDR画像＞

＜HDR画像＞

HDR（High Dynamic Range）

22

ACS (Auto Configuration Server)

Using broadband Forum TR-069 (Technical Report 069: CPE WAN Management Protocol), cable operators can remotely configure and maintain STBs

• Remote configuration

• Diagnostics

• Firmware update

• Collection of audience measurement data

STB

TR-069ACSCable TV

Operators

• Diagnostics• Firmware update• Initial set-up• Re-Configuration

23

HybridcastTM

From NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories web site24

Hybridcast is a Japanese equivalent of Europe’s HbbTV (Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV )

Remote viewing is a service which enables Mobile Digital Media Players (M-DMP) such as smartphones and tablets outside the home, to view broadcasting content (real time and recorded) from Digital Media Servers (DMS) such as TV, STB and recording devices inside the home

Requirements for remote viewing has been developed in consultation with Japanese broadcasters, and now documented in ARIB TR-B14 (in Japanese)

*Next Generation Television & Broadcasting Promotion Forum

Remote Viewing

Home Network

M-DMP

DMS

Can view on-air and recorded cable channels using smartphones

and tablets outside the home

25

STB（DMS）

Mobile Players（M-DMP）

Keeps a list of paired M-DMPs

Remote viewingoutside the home

Gateway（For NAT transversal）

（up to 6）

Paired*

(1) (2) (3)

● ●

Remote Viewing

Mobile players must be paired with a digital media server (DMS) such as STB inside the home, before it is carried outside the home. Up to six players can be paired with a DMS but only one player can use this service at a time.

Media Format(H.264)360P(SD) or 480P(SD)

Optionally: 180P(SD)、720P(HD)、1080P(HD)

*Must be paired every three months

26

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021～

Event

Cable 4K(RF)

Cable 4K(IP)

Advanced BSRetransmission

CablePlatform/Headend

STB

Cable STB Roadmap

MPEG2-TS

MPEG2-TS

・C-CAS (Multi-2)

・Marlin（AES128）

・MMT⇒TS conversion・8K⇒4K transcoding

TS (Experimental ) MMT Commercial Service

・Cable 4K・Remote viewing・Hybridcast

＋BS 4KRetransmission

・8K (RF)J.183 (Multiple QAM)

・4K/8K (MMT IP)

・ACAS (AES128)・SimulCrypt: C-CAS and ACAS ・ACS(Auto Configuration Server)

・Reader for “My Number” card・High Dynamic Range (HDR) TV・Google VP9 (OTT)

・120P・22.2ch audio

＋BS 8KRetransmission

3rd Gen v1.0 3rd Gen v2.0 3rd Gen v3.0

・C-CAS (Multi2)

PyeongChangRio de JaneiroOlympics

TokyoOlympicsWorld Cup

・ACAS (AES128)

MPEG2-TS ・ACAS (AES128)

27