Cad Manual

1

AIM:

To study the drafting software AUTO CAD

CAD SYSTEM:

The CAD system creates an environment to prepare drawings interactively. Most

CAD systems available commercially are menu driven. Commands either can be typed

directly with the help of a keyboard or can be picked-up from the screen menu with the help

of a mouse or can be selected from the digitizer menu. Some screen menus offer pull-down

menus (also referred to as pop-up menu) and dialogue boxes. The effect of every command

is immediately displayed on the screen so that selection and corrections can be done

interactively and immediately.

The major functions to be performed by a Computer Aided Drafting system are:

i. Basic set-up of a drawing

ii. Drawing the objects

iii. Changing the object properties

iv. Translating the objects

v. Scaling the objects

vi. Clipping the objects to fit the image to the screen

vii. Creating symbol libraries for frequently used objects

EX:NO: 1 STUDY OF DRAFTING SOFTWARE AUTOCAD DATE:

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viii.Text insertion

ix. Dimensioning

Some of the features of CAD system are:

1) Modeling and Drafting: The majority of systems provide 2D and 3D modeling

capabilities. Some low cost CAD systems are dedicated to 2D drafting only.

2) Ease of use: The users find CAD systems very easy to learn and use.

3) Flexibility: Popular CAD systems provide greater flexibility when configuring the

available hardware. Hundreds of computers, display devices, expansion boards,

input and output devices are compatible and configurable with popular software.

4) Modularity: Standard input and output devices are attached to standard connectors

thereby making the system modular in nature.

5) Low maintenance cost: Little maintenance is needed to keep the system

functional.One of popular, low-cost CAD software is AutoCAD. Some of the

fundamentals capabilities of AutoCAD are described here

DRAWING ENTITIES:

The basic drawing entities of DWG Editor 2010 Software are

1. LINE: A line is specified by giving its two endpoints. The LINE command can be used to

draw a single line or a series of lines with the end-point of one being the starting point of

the next. When a series of such lines is created, each line is treated as a separate entity. To

create a closed polygon, the user has to type in C (close) for the point: prompt. This causes

the last and the first points to be joined by a line and thus closing of the polygon.

2. CIRCLE: here are many ways of drawing a circle, the default being the centre point of

circle and radius. Either on typing the command CIRCLE or selecting it from a screen menu

with the help of mouse, all circle drawing options are displayed.

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The options available are:

a) Center point and radius

b) Center point and Diameter

c) 3P: This specifies 3 points on the circumference of a circle. There is a unique

circle passing through three given non-collinear points.

d) 2P: This specifies the end-points of diameter of a circle.

e) TTR (Tangent Tangent Radius): This command draws a circle of Specified

radius that is tangent to two lines, circles or arcs.

3. ARC: This command is used to draw an arc accurately. Usually there are three

parameters required for drawing an arc. Different ways of drawing circular arcs are:

a. 3 point arc: The arc is drawn by specifying three points on the chord of arc. The first

and third points define the start and end-points of an arc respectively.

b. Start, Center: This option needs start point and center point of an arc. The third

parameter may be an end-point, included angle, or length of chord.

c. Start, End: This option asks the user to enter the start and end-points of the arc. The

arc can be completed by either specifying radius or included angle or center point.

4. TRACE: This command is used to draw lines of specified thickness. This is the same as

LINE command except that it needs an additional parameter that is the width or thickness of

the line.

5. PLINE: Polylines are interesting drawing entities. Polylines can include both lines and

arcs connected at end-points. Thus, a polyline is a single entity with multiple segments. The

polylines can be straight or curved, can be wide (like a TRACE) or tapered. Fillets and

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chamfers can be added where needed on a polyline. Curve fitting and hatching can easily be

performed on a polyline.

6. DONUT: The DONUT is special type of polyline, which is made up of arc segments. A

DONUT has two properties: it has width, and it is closed. The width of DONUT is set by

specifying inside and outside diameters. The inside diameter may be zero thereby making it

a filled circle.

7. POLYGON: A polygon is also a polyline with equal length of sides. The regular polygon

can either be inscribed in a circle or circumscribed about the circle. The polygon may also be

constructed by specifying the length of one side and the number of sides of polygon (called

edges). In this method a polygon is constructed in anticlockwise direction from the two edge

end points that have been specified.

8. ELLIPSE: An ellipse can be constructed by specifying the center, major and minor

axes. An ellipse can also be constructed by specifying end points of one of its axis and the

eccentricity.

DRAFTING AIDS:

1. LAYER: A layer can be thought of as a transparent sheet on which drawings can be

prepared. Drawings can be logically divided into different layers, and layers can be

selectively displayed either individually or in any combination. Each layer is identified by a

name. If the drawing becomes too dense or complicated, some layers can be turned off so

that they do not interfere with the work. The drawing can be edited on any one layer at a

time called current layer.

2. BLOCKS: The BLOCK command groups a number of selected entities together and

treats them as a single object. If a block is created by using entities on different layers, the

entities are stored inside the block with the entity attributes (colour, layer, and line-type).

The block can be created by using BLOCK command for the same drawing and by WBLOCK

command for any other drawing by giving the name. The block can be reused any number of

times in the same drawing or any other drawing by giving the name. The blocks defined can

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be scaled, rotated, stretched or mirrored any number of times. The blocks can be inserted at

desired location in the drawing.

3. DIMENSIONING: The manufacturing drawing must be dimensioned for size and

tolerances so that the right information can be conveyed. The appearance and size of

dimension arrows, size and style of dimension text with or without tolerances, and the layer

on which dimensions are placed can be controlled by setting dimension variables.

4. HATCH PATTERNS: The HATCH command is used to fill up the area using a suitable

pattern. The type of pattern and pattern variables can be chosen from a library of patterns

available. The hatching may be carried out inside a defined area or outside of it.

5. ZOOM: This is the most common method of magnifying a portion of current drawing

on the screen. The portion of drawing to be zoomed is usually selected by a window. A

window is identified by picking up the diagonal corners of a rectangle around the area of

interest.

6. TEXT: Words, messages and numbers can be inserted as required on an engineering

drawing. The alphanumeric keyboard is used extensively for non-graphical input such as

text. The text style, height, text angle, aspect ratio, colour etc are some of the attributes

associated with text.

EDITING:

The fundamental commands to edit a drawing are

1. MOVE: Moves selected objects to another location,

2. ROTATE: Rotates selected objects through a specified angle about a base point.

3. COPY: Creates one or more copies of selected objects at another location. The

function of COPY command is similar to the MOVE command except that it preserves a copy

of the objects selected at the original location.

4. MIRROR: Creates a mirror image of the selected objects about a specified line.

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5. ARRAY: This command creates multiple copies of selected objects in rectangular or

polar form. This is a form of COPY command.

6. ERASE: This command deletes the selected entities. A record of entities erased is

always maintained. The most recent entity can be unerased by OOPS command.

7. OOPS: This command recovers the last deleted entity. However, it does not recover

any entity after a drawing plotting, end or resume.

8. BREAK: This command cuts the selected entity in two pieces. Break command is

effective on lines, arcs, circles, traces or polylines (including polygons and donuts)

9. FILLET: The fillet command is used to create a round corner between two lines. The

lines are shortened or extended to fit a tangent arc of specified radius. FILLET works on any

combination of two lines, arcs, circles, non-parallel lines or a single polyline.

10. CHAMFER: This command works on two lines or a single polyline to create a beveled

edge.

11. CHANGE: This command can selectively edit the attribute of a drawing entity. The

CHPROP (Change PROPerties) command allows editing of colour, layer, linetype and

thickness of a drawing entity.

12. EXTEND: This command extends the lines, polylines and arcs to a boundary edge

which can be a line, polyline, arc or circle. A closed polygon cannot be extended.

13. OFFSET: This command is useful for creating a parallel copy of a drawing entity

which can be a line, circle or polyline. Each offset creates a new entity with the same line

type, colour and layer settings

14. STRETCH: The stretch Command can either lengthen entities or shorten them and

thus alter their shapes. The center points of arcs or polyline arcs are adjusted accordingly.

15. TRIM: This command makes use of boundary entities (lines, arcs, circles or polylines)

which become the cutting edge. It trims lines, arcs, circles and polylines.

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16. SCALE: The SCALE command allows shrinking or enlarging the already existing

drawing objects by specifying a scale factor.

17. PEDIT: A polyline is a single entity which is made up of a continuous series of line and

arc segments. The PEDIT command is exclusively used for editing of polyline properties. The

selected line, arc and polyline can be added to an existing polyline by a JOIN option. A

smooth curve passing through all vertices of a polyline can be created by using FIT option.

Similarly, a spline can also be constructed by using polylines vertices.

18. EXPLODE: This command breaks a polyline into its individual segments. These

segments can then individually be edited and rejoined again to form an edited polyline.

19. UNDO: The U or UNDO command reverses the effects of a series of previously used

commands and hence allows back-stepping. The REDO command wipes out the effect of

UNDO command.

8

AIM:

Study Of Co-Ordinates System & Its Types, Creation Of Simple Figures Like Polygon,

And General Multi-Line Figures

STUDY OF CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM:

CO Ordinate System is used to set orientation of the drawing and to locate points in the space .

CLASSIFICATION OF CO-ORDINATE SYSTEMS :

A) Classification based on drawing orientation

B) Classification based on method of locating points

I)Classification based on drawing orientation :

A) User co-ordinate system

B) World co-ordinate system

A) User co-ordinate system:

User can relocate the user coordinate system for convenient coordinate entry,grid display, grid

snap, orthomode, and other drawing tools.

B) World co-ordinate system:

In 2D views,the WCS X axis is horizontal and the Y axis is vertical. The WCS orgin is where the X and Y

axes intersect (0,0) . all objects in a drawing file are defined by their WCS coordinates.

II)Classification based on method of locating points:

1) Relative Co-Ordinate System

2) Polar Co-Ordinate System

3) Absolute Co-Ordinate System

EX:NO: 2 STUDY OF CO-ORDINATES SYSTEM & ITS TYPES, CREATION OF SIMPLE FIGURES

LIKE POLYGON, AND GENERAL MULTI-LINE FIGURES DATE:

9

1. RELATIVE CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM : The relative coordinate entry method-coordinate points are entered relative to the previous

Entry. In relative coordinate entry, the @ symbol is entered before each set of coordinates with the

following Rules in mind:

+ve x entry is to the right

-ve entry is to the left

+ve entry is upwards

-ve y entry is downwards.

EXAMPLE:1 COMMAND: UNITS COMMAND: LIMITS Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 210,297 COMMAND: ZOOM(Z) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] <real time>: a Regenerating model. COMMAND: LINE (L) LINE Specify first point: 50,50 Specify next point or [Undo]: @200,0 Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,25 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-25,0 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-10,25 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-25,0

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-10,25 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-60,0

Specify next point or [Undo]: @-10,-25

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Specify next point or [Undo]: @-25,0 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-10,-25 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-25,0 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-25

2. POLAR CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM :

Polar Coordinates Systems Uses a Distance And Angle To Locate A Point.

EXAMPLE:2 COMMAND: UNITS COMMAND: LIMITS Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 210,297 COMMAND: ZOOM(Z) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] <real time>: a COMMAND: LINE (L) LINE Specify first point: 50,50 Specify next point or [Undo]: @200<0

Specify next point or [Undo]: @25<90 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @25<180 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @25<115 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @25<180 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @25<115

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @58<180 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @25<245


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3.ABSOLUTE CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM To Specify A Point In a Absolute Co-Ordinate System Add # As A Prefix to the x co-ordinate

value EXAMPLE.3 COMMAND: UNITS COMMAND: LIMITS Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 210,297 COMMAND: ZOOM(Z) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or

[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] <real time>: a

Command: L

LINE Specify first point: 60,60

Specify next point or [Undo]: #140,60

Specify next point or [Undo]:# 100,100

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c

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CREATION OF POLYGONS

COMMAND: UNITS COMMAND: LIMITS Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 210,297 COMMAND: ZOOM(Z) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or


COMMAND: POLYGON

(i) SQUARE

Command: _polygon Enter number of sides <4>: 4

Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: E

Specify first endpoint of edge: Specify second endpoint of edge: @100<0

(ii) PENTAGON (CORNER REST)




(iii) HEXAGON (CORNER REST)




(iv) PENTAGON (EDGE REST)




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MULTI-LINE FIGURES

COMMAND: UNITS COMMAND: LIMITS Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 210,297 COMMAND: ZOOM(Z) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or


COMMAND: REC RECTANGLE

Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:

Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: @15,45

Command: l

LINE Specify first point:

Specify next point or [Undo]: <Ortho on>

Specify next point or [Undo]:

Command: o

OFFSET

Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <Through>: 30

Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <30.0>: 12

Command: tr TRIM

Select objects or <select all>:

Command: '_matchprop

Select source object:

Select destination object(s) or [Settings]:

Command: c

CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: 12

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <12.0>: 6

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Command: f

FILLET

Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0

Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: r

Specify fillet radius <0.0>: 10.5

Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]:

Select second object or shift-select to apply corner:

RESULT

Thus we studied about the coordinate system and its types and the required simple figures are

drawn

15

AIM To draw a title block with necessary text and projection symbol by using AUTOCAD PROCEDURE

Command: UNITS

Command: LIMITS

Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>:

Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 210,297

Command: Z

ZOOM

Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or

[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] <real time>: ALL

Command: L


Specify next point or [Undo]: 170


Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 170


Command: O

OFFSET


Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:

Command: O

OFFSET

Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0

Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <50.0000>: 10

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:

EX:NO: 3 DRAWING OF TITLE BLOCK WITH NECESSARY TEXT AND PROJECTION SYMBOL DATE:

DATE:

16

Command: TR

TRIM

Select objects or <select all>: Specify opposite corner: 10 found

Select objects:

Command: C



Command: C


Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <4.0000>: 2

Command: L




Command: L




Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:



Command:

TEXT

Current text style: "Standard" Text height: 0.2000

Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]:

Specify height <0.2000>: 5

Specify rotation angle of text <0>:

Command:

TEXT




Specify rotation angle of text <0>:

17

Command: TEXT




RESULT

Thus the title block is drawn with necessary text and projection symbol.

18

AIM To draw a curves like parabola, spiral, involute using bspline

PROCEDURE 1) TO DRAW PARABOLA

COMMAND: _SPLINE

SPECIFY FIRST POINT OR [OBJECT]:

SPECIFY NEXT POINT:

SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [CLOSE/FIT TOLERANCE] <START TANGENT>:




2) TO DRAW SPIRAL CURVES

COMMAND: _PLINE SPECIFY START POINT: CURRENT LINE-WIDTH IS 0.0000 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 10 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 20 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 10 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 30 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 30 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 40 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 40 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 50 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 50 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 60

EX:NO: 4 DRAWING A CURVES LIKE PARABOLA, SPIRAL, INVOLUTE USING BSPLINE DATE:

DATE:

19

SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 60 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 70 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 70 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 80 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 80 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 90 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 90 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 100 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 100 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 110 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 110 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 120 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 120 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 130 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH]: 130 SPECIFY NEXT POINT OR [ARC/CLOSE/HALFWIDTH/LENGTH/UNDO/WIDTH COMMAND: PEDIT SELECT POLYLINE OR [MULTIPLE]: SELECT POLYLINE OR [MULTIPLE]: ENTER AN OPTION [CLOSE/JOIN/WIDTH/EDIT VERTEX/FIT/SPLINE/DECURVE/LTYPE GEN/UNDO]: S

ENTER AN OPTION [CLOSE/JOIN/WIDTH/EDIT VERTEX/FIT/SPLINE/DECURVE/LTYPE

GEN/UNDO]: E

RESULT

Thus the required curves like parabola, spiral, involute using bspline are drawn.

20

AIM: To draw drawing of front & top view of simple solids like prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone with dimensions

PROCEDURE:

1) To Draw Top And Front View Of hexagonal Prism of side of base 30mm & axis 55mm long resting

with base edge on hp.

Command: limits

Reset Model space limits:



Command: units

Command: z

ZOOM



Regenerating model.

Command: ucsicon

Enter an option [ON/OFF/All/Noorigin/ORigin/Properties] <ON>: no

Command: polygon

Enter number of sides <4>: 6

Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: e

Specify first endpoint of edge: Specify second endpoint of edge: <Ortho on> 30

Command: l



Command: l



EX:NO: 5 DRAWING OF FRONT & TOP VIEW OF SIMPLE SOLIDS LIKE PRISM, PYRAMID, CYLINDER, CONE WITH DIMENSIONS

DATE:

DATE:

21

Command: o OFFSET



Command: tr

TRIM

Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None

Select cutting edges ...

Command: dimlinear

2) To Draw Top And Front View Of hexagonal pyramid of side of base 30mm & axis 103 mm long resting with base corner on hp.

Command: units

Command: limits




Command: ucsicon


Command: z

ZOOM



Regenerating model.

Command: polygon




Command: l





22

Command: tr

TRIM




Command: dimlinear

3) To Draw Top And Front View Of cylinder of base 30mm & axis 50mm long resting with base corner on hp.

Command: limits


Command: units

Command: ucsicon


Command: z

ZOOM



Regenerating model.

Command: c



Command: l



Command: l



Command: l



Command: l



23

Command: tr

TRIM




Command: l



Command: dimlinear

4) To Draw Top And Front View Of cone of base 30mm & axis 60mm long resting with base corner on hp.

Command: limits




Command: units

Command: ucsicon


Command: c



Command: l


Specify next point or [Undo]: <Ortho on> 100

Command: l



Command: l



24

Command: tr

TRIM



RESULT

Thus the required front & top view of simple solids like prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone with dimensions are drawn.

25

AIM:

To create a plan of a two bed room residental building as shown in fig

PROCEDURE:

Command: units

Command: limits




Command: z

ZOOM



Regenerating model.

Command: ucsicon


Command: rec

RECTANG


Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: d

Specify length for rectangles <10.0000>: 93.25

Specify width for rectangles <10.0000>: 112.5

Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]:

Command: l




Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 110.5


EX:NO: 7 DRAWING OF PLAN OF RESIDENTAL BUILDING

DATE:

DATE:

26




Command: l




Command: l


Specify next point or [Undo]: 3.5







Command: l








Command: l








Command: l



27






Command: l





Command: l







Command: l







Command: l







Command: l




28




Command: l







Command: l







Command: l







Command: l







Command: l




29




Command: l







Command: tr

TRIM




Command: l







Command: l







Command: l






30


Command: l







Command: l







Command: l







Command: l







Command: l






31


Command: l







Command: l







Command: l


Specify next point or [Undo]: .8


Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: .8



Command: l


Specify next point or [Undo]: .8


Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: .8



Command: rec

RECTANG



Specify length for rectangles <93.2500>: 18

Specify width for rectangles <112.5000>: 3

32

Command: rec

RECTANG





Command: l







Command: l







Command: l







Command: l







33

Command: l







RESULT

Thus the required plan of a two bed room residental building as shown in fig are drawn

34

AIM:

To Draw The Simple Steel Truss By Using Autocad

PROCEDURE

TO DRAW SIMPLE STEEL TRUSS COMMAND: UNITS COMMAND: LIMITS Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 210,297 COMMAND: ZOOM(Z) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] <real time>: a Regenerating model. (i) Command sequences to draw the base line B1 using the line command : COMMAND: LINE (L) Command:

Command: _line Specify first point:





(iI) Command sequences to draw the center line C1 using the line command : COMMAND: LINE (L) Specify next point or [Undo]: 3



EX:NO: 8 DRAWING OF A SIMPLE TRUSS

DATE:

DATE:

35


(iii) Command sequences to draw the center line C2 using the line command : COMMAND: LINE (L) Specify next point or [Undo]: 3




(iv) Command sequences to draw the center line C3 using the line command : COMMAND: LINE (L) Specify next point or [Undo]: 3




iv) Command sequences to draw the Truss line T1 using the line command : COMMAND: LINE (L) Specify next point or [Undo]: 163




COMMAND: ROTATE Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0

Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 4 found

Select objects:

Specify base point:

Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] <0>: 22

iv) Command sequences to draw the Inclined line I1 using the line command : COMMAND: LINE (L) Specify next point or [Undo]: 66






36

Select objects:

Specify base point:


iv) Command sequences to draw the Inclined line I2 using the line command : COMMAND: LINE (L) Specify next point or [Undo]: 79






Select objects:

Specify base point:


COMMAND: (M)MOVE Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 4 found

Select objects:

Specify base point or [Displacement] <Displacement>: Specify second point or

<use first point as displacement>:

COMMAND: (O)OFFSET Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0


COMMAND : (M)MOVE Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 4 found

Select objects:



COMMAND:MOVE Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 4 found

Select objects:


COMMAND: STRETCH COMMAND: (EX) EXTEND COMMAND: (TR )TRIM

37

COMMAND: (MI)MIRROR


Select objects:

Specify first point of mirror line: Specify second point of mirror line:

Erase source objects? [Yes/No] <N>:

COMMAND: (CO) COPY

COMMAND: _DIMLINEAR COMMAND: (SC)SCALE

RESULT: Thus the required Simple Steel Truss are drawn by Using Autocad are drawn.

38

AIM: To draw sectional front and top viewof simple solids like prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone with dimensions

PROCEDURE:

1) A hexagonal prism side of base 30mm and axis 60mm long rest with its base on h.p. A section

plane perpendicular to h.p & parallel to v.p cuts the prism at a distance of 10mm from its axis. Draw its top and sectional front view.

Command: limits




Command: units

Command: z

ZOOM



Regenerating model.

Command: ucsicon


Command: polygon




Command: l



Command: l


EX:NO: 9 SECTIONAL VIEW OF A PRISM, PYRAMID,CYLINDER,CONE

DATE:

DATE:

39


Command: o OFFSET



Command: tr

TRIM



Command: dimlinear

2) A hexagona pyramid side of base25mm and axis 50mm long rest with its base on h.p It is cut by a section planeperpendicular to v.p inclined 30®to h.p and passing through a point and axis 20mm below the apex .

Command: units

Command: limits




Command: ucsicon


Command: z

ZOOM



Regenerating model.

Command: polygon




Command: l





40

Command: tr

TRIM




Command: dimlinear

3) A cylinder of 50mm dia and height 60mm stands vertically with its base on h.p. it is cut by a section plane plane perpendicular to h.p & parallel to v.p cuts the cylinder at a distance of 15mm from its axis. Draw its top and sectional front view.

Command: limits


Command: units

Command: ucsicon


Command: z

ZOOM



Regenerating model.

Command: c



Command: l



Command: l



Command: l



Command: l


41


Command: tr

TRIM




Command: l



Command: dimlinear

4) A cone of base 50mm dia and 65 mm long is resting on its base on h.p Ii is cut by a sectional plane which is 10mm away and parallel to one of its generator

Command: limits




Command: units

Command: ucsicon


Command: c



Command: l



Command: l



Command: l



42

Command: tr

TRIM



RESULT

Thus the required sectional front and top viewof simple solids like prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone with dimensions are drawn.

43

AIM: To Draw An Isometric Projection Of A Simple Object By Using Auto Cad PROCEDURE: Command: units

Command: limits




Command: z

ZOOM



Regenerating model.

Command: ucsicon


Command: rec

RECTANG






EX:NO: 10 DRAWING ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF SIMPLE OBJECT

DATE:

DATE:

44

Command: l

LINE Specify first point: <Ortho on>





Command: rec

RECTANG






Command: c



Command: ext

EXTRUDE

Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4

Select objects: 1 found

Select objects:

Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: 25

Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>:

Command: m

MOVE 1 found



RESULT

Thus the required Projection Of A Simple Object Using Autocad are drawn.

45

AIM: To Draw An Isometric Projection Of A Simple Object By Using Auto Cad PROCEDURE: Command: units

Command: limits




Command: z

ZOOM



Regenerating model.

Command: ucsicon


Command: rec

RECTANG






EX:NO: 11 CREATION OF 3D MODELS OF SIMPLE OBJECT & OBTAINING 2D MULTI VIEW DRAWINGS FROM 3D MODELS

DATE:

DATE:

46

Command: l

LINE Specify first point: <Ortho on>





Command: rec

RECTANG






Command: c



Command: ext

EXTRUDE

Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4

Select objects: 1 found

Select objects:

Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: 25

Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>:

Command: m

MOVE 1 found



COMMAND: DIMEDIT

RESULT

Thus the required Projection Of A Simple Object Using Autocad are drawn.

Documents

Cad Manual