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CAISO View of Smart Grid

David Hawkins

Lead Renewables Power Engineer

March 17, 2010

Slide 2Slide 2

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Grid Operators View

Leverage smart grid policies to:

Increase demand-side participation in the CAISO market,

Support renewable resource integration,

Improve utilization of Transmission and Distribution

Support development of communications standards for aSupport development of communications standards for a robust, secure communications network, and

Enhance grid efficiency and reliability.

Slide 3

Smart grid strategies also provide greater visibility of the loads and resources throughout the system

5.1 millionelectric customers

California EHV Transmission System

Craig View

WeedJunction

CeliloMalin

Captain Jack

RoundMountain

Path 66

Path 65

ShastaCascade

Path 25 Meridian

Transfer Paths: (NormalRatings)

Path 15 3000 MW N/SPath 24 160 MW Bi-directionalPath 25 110 MW N/S

30 NW S/N (Winter)Path 26 3000 MW Bi-directionalPath 41 1200 MW Bi-directionalelectric customers

1.4 million electric

4.9 million electriccustomers

Control

PIT River (Hydro)

Los Banos

Intermountain

Tesla

Metcalf

MossLanding

Tracy

VacaDixon

TableMountain

Mountain

Olinda

McCall

PanocheHelms

Path 15Path 61

Path 46“WOR”West of

Feather River (Hydro)

Keswick

Geysers

Hunters Point

Protrero

Pittsburg

San Luis

Big Creek

Kings River

Drum

Summit

Path 24

Inyo

Path 60

Silver Peak Path 49 “EOR”East of River

directionalPath 42 600 MW E/W

(Path not rated W/E)Path 43 2440 MW S/N

(Path not rated N/S)Path 44 1800/1900 MW N/S

(See note, WSCC PathRating Catalog)775 MW S/N

Path 45 408 MW Bi-directionalPath 46 10,118 MW E/WPath 49 7550MW E/WPath 60 56 MW Bi-directionalPath 61 1950 MW N/S

900 MW S/NPath 65 3100 MW Bi-directionalPath 66 4800MW N/S; 3675

Generation

500 kV DC

500 kV

230 kV & lower

WSCC Transfer Path

Colorado River

ContraCosta

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electric customers

Path 42 Note: Alsopart of Path 46

Mission

Imperial Valley

Adelanto

Miguel

NorthGila

PaloVerde

Devers

ValleySerrano

Mira Loma

Lugo

Victorville

Rinaldi

Mojave

Eldorado

Mc Cullough

Market Place

Toluca

Midway

Diablo Canyon

Gates

Sylmar

SONGS

Southbay

Encina

Morro Bay

Santiago

Chino

Path 26

CFECFE

Path 45

TalegaEscondido

Mead

El CentroMirage

Vincent

Big Creek (Hydro)

Castaic

Path 41

Pardee

Also Path 46

Hoover

MEXICO

Path 43

Path 44

It is critical to know how much load is being covered by local generation, such as solar photovoltaic generation, so the CAISO can ensure reserves are available to replace the variable energy resources if required.

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Increasing Demand-side Participation in the CAISO’s Markets

Smart meter give customers visibility of their energy consumption and options to control their energy costsconsumption and options to control their energy costs.

New “smart” appliances and smart buildings will have loads that can respond to energy prices

Customers will be able to modify their consumption based on dispatch commands and pricing signals.

F t t iff t PHEV t h d i ff Future tariffs to encourage PHEV to charge during off peak periods – a win for the customers, grid asset utilization, cleaner air and a match with off peak wind generation

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Integrating Renewable Resources

Smart grid systems will be to lower the barriers to interconnection of renewable generation at all levels ofinterconnection of renewable generation at all levels of the grid.

Smart grid will help make the distribution system robust enough to maintain power quality and acceptable voltages even with the interconnection of renewables on the distribution circuits.

Smart substations will monitor the loads and resources in their area and provide both real-time data and potential short term energy forecasts for their area.

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Wind Generation Production in CAISO - 2009

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Wind energy is a challenge to forecast

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2013 - Wind + Solar4000 MW Solar and 6000 MW WIND Nameplate Capacity

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2013 Solar Ramps will be an issue to manage

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Example of Wind + Solar Generation Q1 2013

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Wind + Solar

Calculated Total Wind

Calculated Solar

Load

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Support development of communications standards for a robust, secure communications network

A smart grid will require many different parts of the electric system to communicate with each other.

The development of common communications and security standards will be vitally important to the success f h idof the smart grid.

NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology

NAESB - North American Energy Standards Board

OASIS - Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards

Slide 15

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Enhancing Grid Efficiency and Reliability

Achievement of high standards for grid efficiency and reliability requires data and information from all levels of the electricrequires data and information from all levels of the electric system as well as a regional view.

Key strategy is the deployment of a high speed Synchrophasor network for the western interconnection and expansion of the phasor network in California

New data points at key stations and renewable generationNew data points at key stations and renewable generation

New visualization tools

Research and deployment of new controls for damping gridoscillations and enhancing grid stability

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Local Storage to Smooth out PV Variability

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Battery Storage – 34 MW NAS battery energy storage for 7 hours at wind park in Japan

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Source: Secretary Steven Chu, US Dept. of Energy

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Visualization Tiers – Dashboard, Interconnection, Reliability Coordinator, Local AreaReal Time Alarms within ALLRTDMS Client Applications

Visualization – In Use at CAISO

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What is the Smart Grid going to do for us?

Integrated Communications Reduced Disruptions

Technologies Benefits

gIntegrated communications connect components to an open architecture for real-time information and control, to allow every part of the grid to both “talk” and “listen.”

Sensing and MeasurementSensing and measurement technologies support faster and more accurate response, such as remote monitoring, time-of-use pricing and demand-side management.

Advanced Components Advanced components apply the latest research in superconductivity, fault tolerance, storage, power electronics and diagnostics.

Advanced Control Methods

pNear-zero wide –area blackouts and greatly reduced local interruptions.

Improved ReliabilityHigh-quality power for sensitive electronics and complex computer applications.

Greater Consumer Control Options for consumers to manage their electricity use and costs.

Access to MarketThe plug and play integration of renewables, distributed resources and control systems.

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Advanced Control MethodsAdvanced control methods monitor essential components, enabling rapid diagnosis and precise solutions appropriate to any event.

Improved Interfaces and Decision SupportImproved interfaces and decision support amplify human decision-making, transforming grid operators and managers into knowledge workers.

distributed resources and control systems.

Enhanced SecurityImproved resilience to attack, natural disasters and operator errors.

Stronger EconomyAnnual savings of tens of billions of dollars from reduced interruptions, reduced congestion and reduced need to build expensive plants and lines.