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California Missions
ByMs. Cardenas
Introduction to the MissionsCalifornia’s Highway 1 began as a road connecting 21 Spanish missions. You can still find signs saying “El Camino Real” (“The Royal Highway”). These missions represent the first significant arrival of non-Native Americans to California.
In addition to Christianity, the missionaries brought much more to California such as livestock, foreign plants and new industries. This was the start of the civilization we have today – but it many ways it was not created in a “civil” way. Countless Native American lives were lost.
This presentation gives a quick overview of each mission. Choose what interests you most for a project!
Map of the 21 California Missions
Mission San Diego de Alcala First mission established in
California Founded on July 16, 1769
by Father Junipero Serra Named for Saint Didacus
de Alcalá Oldest mission First mission in the chain
that stretches 650 mi along the King’s Highway
Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
Second mission Founded on June 3, 1770
by Father Junipero Serra Named after Saint Charles
Borromeo Many people say it’s the
most beautiful mission of all
Used as headquarters for the California missions
Mission San Antonio de Padua
Third mission Founded on July 14, 1771 by
Father Junipero Serra Named for Saint Anthony Native Americans accepted
padres’ beads and cloth in return for their seeds and acorns harvested
In 1773 the mission was moved to Los Robles Valley (better water supply)
Abandoned from 1882-1928
Mission San Gabriel Arcangel
Fourth mission Founded on September 8,
1771 by Father Pedro Cambon and Father Angel Somera
Named for Archangel Gabriel
Most prosperous mission, but most difficult to handle
Crowded with military (behavior problem)
Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa
Fifth mission Founded on September
1, 1772 by Father Junipero Serra
Named for Saint Luis, Bishop of Toulouse
Marks geographical halfway point of the 21 California missions
Located near a valley, fed people from other missions
Mission San Francisco de Asis Sixth mission Founded on June 26, 1776
by Father Francisco Palou Named for Saint Francis of
Assisi Also known as Mission
Dolores Damp weather kept Native
Americans away More than 5,000 residents
died of the measles
Mission San Juan Capistrano Seventh mission Founded on November 1,
1776 by Father Junipero Serra
Named for Saint John of Capistrano, Italy
Called the “Jewel of the Missions”
Famous for its beautiful gardens
Oldest chapel in California
Mission Santa Clara de Asis Eighth mission Founded on January 12,
1777 by Father Junipero Serra
Name for Santa Claire de Assisi
1st mission named after a woman
Moved three times because of Guadalupe River flooding
Relocated in 1818 because of severe earthquake
Mission San Buenaventura Ninth mission Founded on March 31, 1782
by Father Junipero Serra Named for Saint Bonaventure Should have been 3rd
mission, but was postponed for twelve years
Prosperity of this mission came from irrigation, which was provided by a seven-mile aqueduct that brought water from the Ventura River
Mission Santa Barbara Tenth mission Founded on December 4,
1786 by Father Fermine Lausen
Named for Saint Barbara 1st mission founded by
Father Fermine Francisco de Lasuen
Included more than 200 rows of houses for the mission’s Native American residents
La Purisima Conception Eleventh mission Founded on December 8,
1787 by Father Fermine Lausen
Named for “The Immaculate Conception of Mary the Most Pure”
Prosperity from tireless work of Father Marino Payeras. He served for 19 years.
On December 21, 1812 a severe earthquake destroyed the mission.
Mission Santa Cruz 12th mission Founded on August 28,
1791 by Father Fermine Lausen
Named for the Sacred Cross
Criminal settlers from Mexico raided the mission’s crops and antagonized the Native Americans
Mission Nuestra Senora de la Soledad
13th mission Founded on October 9,
1791 by Father Fermine Lausen
Named for Our Lady of Solitude
Salinas River allowed for irrigation to grow crops, and for livestock herding
Climate pushed Native Americans away
Mission San Jose 14th mission Founded on July 11, 1797
by Father Fermine Lausen Named for Saint Joseph First of five missions built
in a 13 month period Known as location for
runaway Christianized Native Americans and hostile tribes
Served as a base for military operations for natives who resented the missionaries
Mission San Juan Bautista 15th mission Founded on June 24, 1797
by Father Fermine Lausen Named for John the Baptist Sits on top of San Andreas
Fault Earthquake destroyed the
original mission in October 1798
Mission San Miguel Arcangel
16th mission Founded on July 25, 1797
by Father Fermine Lausen Named for Saint Michael
the Archangel Filled up quickly with
Native Americans in the area
Interior adorned by Spanish artist
Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana
17th mission Founded on September 8,
1797 by Father Fermine Lausen
Also served as a church and a hospital
Mission San Luis Rey de Francia
18th mission Founded on June 13, 1798
by Father Fermine Lausen Named for Louis IX King of
France (1215-1270) Nicknamed “King of the
Missions” Largest and most populous
of all missions Building covers six acres
and the Native American population reached 2,700 at its peak
Mission Santa Ines 19th mission Founded on September 17,
1804 by Father Estevan Tapis
Named for Saint Anges Last mission founded in
Southern California, which completed the chain
Miles of flourished land that helped it flourish
1812 great earthquake destroyed half of the mission
Water brought from mountains several miles away
Mission San Rafael Arcangel 20th mission Founded on December 14,
1817 by Father Vicente de Sarria
Named for Saint Raphael the Archangel, patron saint of good health
Was originally dedicated as the sub-mission Mission Dolores
Served as a convalescent hospital for Christianized Native Americans
Mission San Francisco de Solano
21st and last mission Founded after Mexico’s
Independence from Spain Only mission founded
without prior approval from the church
Founded on July 4, 1823 by Father Jose Altimira
Named for Saint Francis Solano, missionary to the Penivian Indians
Had flourishing vineyards Father Altimira’s cruelty
resulted in revolt
Now I Challenge Youto Make a POWERPOINT
Presentation!