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CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE
Smart Home Security System
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements
For the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering
By
Orod Haghighiara
December 2015
ii
The graduate project of Orod Haghighiara is approved:
__________________________ _______________
Dr. Ramin Roosta Date
__________________________ _______________
Benjamin Mallard Date
__________________________ _______________
Dr. Shahnam Mirzaei, Chair Date
California State University, Northridge
iii
Acknowledgment
I would like to thank Professor Shahnam Mirzaei for his motivation, guidance, patience,
and continuous support of my final project. I could not have imagined having a better
advisor and mentor for my master program study.
Besides my advisor, I would like to thank committee: Professor Ramin Roosta and
Professor Benjamin Mallard for their insightful comments and encouragement.
Last but not the least I would like to thank my parents and family for their love and
encouragement.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Signature page .................................................................................................................................ii
Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................................ iii
List of Figures .................................................................................................................................. v
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... vi
Chapter1: Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.2. Objective ............................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter2: Design ...................................................................................................................... 3
2.1. Features and Specifications .............................................................................................. 3
2.2. Design Overview ............................................................................................................. 4
2.3. Control Home with Cell Phone ........................................................................................ 6
Chapter3: System Description: ................................................................................................. 8
3.1. Analog to Digital Converter (ADC): ............................................................................... 8
3.2. Data Transfer: ................................................................................................................ 11
3.3. Received Text ................................................................................................................ 15
Chapter4: System Components: ............................................................................................. 17
4.1. Processor: Zynq 7 Processing System (System on Chip) .............................................. 17
4.1.1. Zynq system on chip is divided two main subsystems .......................................... 18
4.2. Data Communication Module ........................................................................................ 19
4.2.1. AT Command Types: ............................................................................................. 21
4.2.2. Some Important and Useful Commands ................................................................ 22
4.3. Sensors ........................................................................................................................... 28
4.3.1. Motion Detector ..................................................................................................... 28
4.3.2. Gas Sensor (MQ-9) ................................................................................................ 31
4.3.3. Temperature Sensor: .............................................................................................. 33
Chapter5: Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 34
Appendix ........................................................................................................................................ 35
1. References .............................................................................................................................. 35
v
List of Figures
Figure1: Top Level Block Diagram ................................................................................................. 3
Figure 2: High level block diagram for Gas sensor ......................................................................... 4
Figure 3: High level block diagram for motion detector sensor ...................................................... 5
Figure 4: Zybo GPIO, LEDs that we used in zynq for showing gas level ....................................... 5
Figure 5: Block diagram for receive a text from user. ..................................................................... 6
Figure 6 :Vivado High level block diagram ..................................................................................... 7
Figure 7: ADC PMOD ..................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 8: This figure displays how the FPGA and ADC interface with each other. ........................ 9
Figure 9: Waveform displaying the timing requirements for the ADC ........................................... 9
Figure 10: Zybo USB-JTAG/UART Bridge .................................................................................. 11
Figure 11: Zynq Receive and transmit pin outs and Zybo LEDs connected to RX, TX. ............... 12
Figure 12: Xilinx Platform Studio for my design. ......................................................................... 13
Figure 13: UART 0's Peripheral changed to Pmod pin outs. ......................................................... 13
Figure 14: Two boards are communicating together with UART protocol with two wires. ......... 14
Figure 15: Sample confirmation response from GSM module ..................................................... 16
Figure 16: Zybo power circuit overview........................................................................................ 17
Figure 17: Zynq SOC Architecture ................................................................................................ 18
Figure 18:SIM 900 module and connected antenna ....................................................................... 20
Figure 19: PIR Sensor .................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 20: PIR with Fresnel lens ................................................................................................... 30
Figure 21: Lens information .......................................................................................................... 30
Figure 22: Circuit I used in our project for the MQ-9 Gas Sensor ................................................ 31
Figure 23:MQ9 Sensitivity ............................................................................................................ 32
Figure 24: Influences of temperature and humidity in MQ-9 ........................................................ 32
Figure 25: LM35-Temperature sensor ........................................................................................... 33
vi
Abstract
Smart Home Security System
By Orod Haghighiara
Master of Science in Electrical Engineering.
This project provides a device to manage the safety standard conditions for houses and
the control houses remotely. The device is designed to send text messages to the resident
by using Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Module. This system works
when an intruder enters the house or the level of existence of Methane gas or Carbon
Monoxide (CO) goes above the standard safety limit. On the other hand the residence can
send a predefined text message to the module to turn on and off the specific electrical
devices like HVAC or lights. The module will also send a confirmation text of the work
done to the user.
This device has two main processes for monitoring the safety conditions. The first part is
used to detect Methane gas by using Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC). This process
calculates the amount of the precise value of the gas density in the room to show the
density on the hyper-terminal continuously. If the level of gas goes higher than the health
limit it will send an alert text message to the user. The second part of this process detects
any motions in the room and also it will send an alert text message to the user.
This device consists of both hardware and software design sections. In the software part,
VHDL, C programming and AT Commands are used for telecommunications. In the
hardware section, Xilinx Zynq all Programmable System-on-Chip (AP SoC) architecture
is used that it tightly integrates a dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 processor with Xilinx 7-
vii
series Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). It also includes a gas sensor, a motion
sensor, a temperature sensor, a fire sensor, a GSM module, UART and ADC.
This System helps users to improve their house security by sending alerts in case of
incidents like fire or robbery that may put one's home in danger. Also, by early
notification, the home owner might be able to prevent the life threatening results of such
incidents.
Chapter1: Introduction
1.1 Background
There are many risks for homes like, most residential burglaries happen when no one is at
home to maintain the security. For example a family may have gone for a vacation. When
they come back home, they are faced with a home been robbed. There is another
possibility that might even be life threatening, and that is the existence of over the limit
of dangerous gases. The methane gas is used in heaters and some gas stoves. Sometimes
there might be gas leaks or someone may have forgotten to turn off stove that which can
cause fire. For these two main reasons this device is designed to prevent these financial
damaging and life threatening incidents.
1.2. Objective
As we know in today‟s world home security as well as remote controlling the home
appliances are very important. Due to several reasons such as higher costs, insurance
fees, and in general life safety people do whatever they can to lower the chance of having
unwanted incidents that some of which can be life threatening as well. Such incidents
include but are not limited to fire hazards, gas leak or robbery. In addition, people like to
use easier application and devices, like wireless or remote controlled devices to manage
their homes and appliances. As a result, I used Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)
and Microprocessor to improve the home security by detecting the entrance of an intruder
as well as the existence of over the limit of harmful gases or fire and send a text message
alert to the home resident. Some examples of these gases are CO and Methane that are
created as a result of a malfunction in the heating system or gas stove. The residents can
2
also monitor these changes from their computers, and in case the gas density exceeds the
standard limits, they will receive a warning message on their cell phone.
The following components were used to implement a system to support the
abovementioned functions a Motion sensor, a Methane gas sensor, Temperature sensor,
Fire sensor, Digilent Zybo board with Xilinx Zynq FPGA, a serial cable (RS232), a GSM
module (sim 900), an activated cell phone sim card, Xilinx ISE Design Tool and Vivado,
External Interrupts and GPIO (General Purpose Input and Outputs), XADC (Xilinx
Analog to Digital Converter).
3
Chapter2: Design
2.1. Features and Specifications
This device communicates with the user by sending and receiving text messages. The
device detects any motion as well as Methane gas or fire and it sends a text message to
the user‟s phone. It will indicate if a person enters the room or the level of Methane or
Carbon monoxide gas is above the standard safety limit.
The user also can send a predefined text message to the device to turn on and off some
special electrical devices like HVAC (Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning) or lights.
Then the board will send a confirmation text to user to notify user the task is successfully
done. You can see the high level block diagram of my design in figure.1.
Figure1: Top Level Block Diagram
4
2.2. Design Overview
The first part of my design flow is consists of a motion sensor, a gas sensor, and fire
sensor. Anytime a motion or Methane gas is detected in the room the sensors will send
data to the Zybo board. The output of the gas sensor will be sent to the Programmable
Logic (PL) of the Zynq, XADC converts the sensor‟s analog data to digital signals. Zynq
continuously displays density value level of gases on a hyper-terminal. If the gas density
is above the standard safety limit a text message alert will be sent to the user (Figure-2).
The motion sensor‟s data will be sent to the Processing system(PS) GPIO section and it
issues an external interrupt to the PS. Afterwards, Zynq will send a command to the GSM
Module that it sends the alert text message to the user to notify user that someone
entering the room (Figure-4 and Figure-5) .
Figure 2: High level block diagram for Gas sensor
Gas Detect
MQ-9 Sensor
XADC
Calculate the exact amount
of gas and displayed on
hyper-terminal
If exceeded the
standard limit an
External
Interrupt will be
sent to the board.
Compare with the
standard limit
(1000 PPM for
Methane, 200
PPM for CO).
Turn on the
LED on the
board.
Send a warning
through GSM.
5
Figure 3: High level block diagram for motion detector sensor
Figure 4: Zybo GPIO, LEDs that I used in zynq for showing gas level
Motion Detect
PIR Sensor
Turn on the LED
on the board.
Send a warning
text through
GSM.
Any movement
detected will send
External Interrupt
to the board.
6
2.3. Control Home with Cell Phone
The user can send a text message to the board to do a specific task like turning on or off
the air condition. When module receives a text message, first it checks the phone number
to make sure that the text message is from the home owner. Then the module will read
the text message. If content of that text is one of predefined messages that it is in the
memory of device, Zynq will send a command to the board to do that specific task. For
example if the module receives a text message with content of “On-1” then FPGA will
turn on the light. Or if it receives a text message with content “Off-1” then FPGA will
turn off the light. When the task is completely done board will send a confirmation text to
the user to let him/her knows that the job is successfully done (Figure-5).
Figure 5: Block diagram for receive a text from user.
Text received
To the board
Valid
phone
Defined
command
Do the task
Send confirmation
text to user.
7
The Xilinx zynq 7000 Processing System (System on Chip) is controlling all these
process. I used Xilinx Vivado for my design. You can see how different modules are
connected and communicated with the zynq in Vivado high level block diagram (figure
6).
Figure 6 :Vivado high level block diagram
8
Chapter3: System Description:
3.1. Analog to Digital Converter (ADC):
In this design, I used both internal ADC and External ADC modules provided on the
Zybo board (Figure-7). FPGA communicates with the ADC module that it uses SPI
interface. Then ADC will send its output as two 12_bit 2‟complement which are the
digital representation of the analog input signals (Figure-8).
Figure 7: ADC PMOD
9
Figure 8: This figure displays how the FPGA and ADC interface with each other.
To get the ADC working, FPGA needs to send a pulse to the AD_CONV on the ADC
module. After each pulse of AD_CONV, at the rising edge of the SPI clock, the ADC
takes in one analog sample, and outputs the digital value of the previous sample by one
sample latency. ADC sends its outputs in 12_bit 2‟complement format on the SPI_MISO
port to the FPGA. ADC takes 32 SPI clock cycles to convert the analog data to its digital
representation. Also before and after sending out each 12_bit data, the ADC leaves two
clock cycles on high impedance. Therefore, in total, every 34 clock cycles the ADC sends
out its output. For ADC SPI timing and signal names please refer to figure-9.
Figure 9: Waveform displaying the timing requirements for the ADC
10
It is important to note that the AD_CONV signal is not like a traditional slave enable for
the ADC module. As a result, I need to make sure that it waits for enough clock cycles so
that the ADC leaves the SPI_MISO in high impedance otherwise it will block other
devices from using the SPI bus.
One other very important point is that while I'm using ADC, I disable the other devices
that share SPI with FPGA, otherwise there will bus contention. Table-1 lists those
devices, their activation signal, and their disable value.
Table-1: The devices that share SPI with the FPGA, that need to be disabled when ADC are in
use.
After the device received ADC's output, in order to detect the gas level if it is at or above
the standard limit. Module compares it to the standard value. In the case that this value is
above the standard limit, it will initiate an interrupt, and FPGA will then send a message
to the GSM board and then GSM module will send a text message to informing the user
about the existence of the methane gas.
11
3.2. Data Transfer:
In my project I used Serial port for data transfer to the external modules or displaying
data in Hyper Terminal. For example whenever there is any movement in the room or
spreading of harmful gases like CO or Methane FPGA will send a warning text message
to the user cell phone.
I used UART protocol to compute data communication between module and computer
and between Zynq and GSM module. Zybo board has USB-JTAG/UART Port (Figure-
10) that it is connected to PC to program FPGA as well as communicate with
HyperTerminal. zynq has two serial ports, I used one of them(UART1) for communicate
to the computer and the other one (UART0) is used to communicate between FPGA
Board and GSM board.(Figure-11)
Figure 10: Zybo USB-JTAG/UART Bridge
12
Figure 11: Zynq Receive and transmit pin outs and Zybo LEDs connected to RX, TX.
As Zybo board has two UART connections that they communicate with Micro USB
UART bridges connector. GSM board comes with RS232 connector for UART
communication, to connecting these two boards I need to have two converters. One
converter is used to convert micro USB to USB and the other one converts USB to
RS232 and it‟s not easy to do all these conversion. So I used one of the features of zynq
to change UART's pins. I opened our design file in Xilinx Platform Studio (XPS)
(Figure-12). I selected I/O peripherals and then I changed the physical location of UART
0's pin out form USB port to location of 2 Pmod pins MIO-10 and MIO-11 for RX and
TX (Figure-13). Now I can connect directly Rx-Tx of Zynq processing system to the Rx-
Tx of GSM module with two wires (Figure-14).
13
Figure 12: Xilinx Platform Studio for my design.
Figure 13: UART 0's Peripheral changed to Pmod pin outs.
14
Figure 14: Two boards are communicating together with UART protocol with two wires.
15
3.3. Received Text
User can send a text message to module to do some predefined task. To do this
predefined task, the user needs to have the module's phone number.
When GSM module receives a text message it will immediately send the text messageto
the FPGA. FPGA will recognize the message. Then it can detect if this received message
is a valid AT command or not (Valid received notification is +CMTI: "SM", 1). If FPGA
found the message is a valid AT command then it will send another AT command to
SIM900 to read a specific text (AT+CMGR= 1). GSM reads the text message content and
it will send it to FPGA again. The Zynq's process system (ARM) will check the phone
number of text sender. If the number is matched with the database, it will start reading the
content of the text. If the text message contains one of predefine commands then ARM
processor sends a signal to the board to do that specific task. For example I defined that if
the user sent "On1”, the ARM would turn on living room's light. Then GSM will send a
confirmation text to the user like a “Living room's light is on ". This confirmation will
notify the user that the task is successfully done. (Figure-15)
16
Figure 15: Sample confirmation response from GSM module
17
Chapter4: System Components:
4.1. Processor: Zynq 7 Processing System (System on Chip)
I used zybo board as a main board of my project, because it has Xilinx Zynq-7000 as
processor that is based on Xilinx Zynq all Programmable System-on-Chip (AP SoC)
architecture, which tightly integrates a dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 processor (650 MHz)
with Xilinx 7-series Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) logic is used. It can work
with 5V/2.5A power adaptor or USB-JTAG-UART port. (Figure-16)
Figure 16: Zybo power circuit overview
18
4.1.1. Zynq system on chip is divided two main subsystems:
1- Programmable Logic (PL):It can do almost all Xilinx FPGA 7-series Artix and user
can configure and program it with JTAG port or it can program by processor (PS).
2- Processing System (PS):It includes processing unit Cortex-A9, as advanced
microcontroller. And it has a lot of components like Timers, DDR3 controller SPI, CAN,
UART that I used it for communication between zynq and computer. GPIO is used to
send a signal to relay to turn on and turn off electrical devices such as air condition.
These two parts are connected together with using AXI ports (Figure-17)
Figure 17: Zynq SOC Architecture
19
4.2. Data Communication Module:
One of the major components used in this design is the GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communications) SIM 900 Module from SIMCOM Corporation. This is a
telecommunication device that has a cell phone SIM card slot mounted on it. To use this
module, first it needs to insert an activated cell phone SIM card (Subscriber Identity
Module) in the slot on the module board. AT commands set are used to program this
module. The GSM module can be used to send text messages, make calls, receive calls
connect to internet through a second generation network among other application.
Sim900 is a quad-band GSM/GPRS engine that works with EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800
MHz and PCS 1900 MHz frequencies.SIM900 has a tiny dimension 24mm x 24mm x
3mm and it needs a little space on the board, physical interface of this mobile module can
connect to the board through a 68 pin dip connector and it also needs a RF antenna.RF
antenna connects to the module separately. RF antenna has two parts: antenna connector
(that connect to SIM) and antenna pad for connect to the Mobile networks, by connecting
RF antenna all features of this module are ready to use on the board.
SIM900 can work with TCP/IP protocol; AT commands can work easily with this
protocol (Figure-18).
20
Figure 18: SIM 900 module and connected antenna
The communication will be started when the user sends an "AT" command to the
module. ThenSIM900 will send TA answer to the user. All commands are started with
"AT" or "at" and they follow by other commands. In fact "AT" at starting of each
command is used to inform module. The user wants to write an AT command, so for
multiple commands, the user needs to write only one AT for all commands (AT+CMGL;
+CMGR).
To run AT commands, the user presses Enter then SIM module will detect that command.
At the end of each command there is a <CR><LF> and also all response commands have
the same structure.
Sample pattern:
<CR><LF><response><CR><LF>
(CR=Carrier Return, LF=Line Feed)
21
AT Command Final Result Code:
Result code is a message that module sends at the end of each response packet, and it
clarifies execution status of AT commands. Final result code could be either: “OK”
means command executed successfully or “Error” .And it should follow by carrier return.
4.2.1. AT Command Types:
At commands have three major categories:
Basic
S parameter
Extended
Basic Syntax:
Basic syntax is the simplest type of AT commands that it is started with "AT" and
continue with a single character.
Example: ATA to answer a call or ATD18053456789dial a phone number.
S Parameter Syntax:
This type of commands is using to access a special register in module, which
called S registers. General syntax of this type is ATS<n>=<m>, where n is index of S
register and m is value that should assign to register n.
Example: ATS0=3: Sets three rings before automatically answer the phone.
22
Extended Syntax:
These types are executable commands that they have four types (Table -2).
Command type Syntax Description
Test Command AT+<n>=? List all command's option.
Read Command AT+<n>? Shows the current value and state of command.
Write
Command
AT+<n>=<…> Set command as the value that user entered.
Execution
Command
AT+<n> Shows a non-variable command that affected
with internal process in GSM module
Table-2: Four types of extend syntax
4.2.2. Some Important and Useful Commands:
Some command for checking system status:
AT Ok means the board is
connected to the computer.
AT+CPIN ASK for PIN code, if module answers
“+CPIN: READY” it means that SIM
card doesn‟t have Pin code and ready to use.
23
AT+CMINS Display SIM status.
ATI Display SIM identification and its
manufacture.
AT+CGSN Shows IME (International Mobile
Equipment Identity) number.
AT&V Shows current configuration.
AT+CSPN Service provider of SIM card.
AT+CR Service reporting control.
AT+CREG SIM registration.
AT+CSQ Signal quality.
AT+CMEE=0 don‟t display errors.
AT+CMEE=1 Display errors with error number.
AT+CMEE=2 Display errors with more details
AT+CMGF=1 Set text mode
AT+CMGF=0 Set PDU mode
AT&W Save the user configuration
24
Dial Commands:
ATT Set mobile in Tone dialing
For dial:
ATD+1818123456 Call the phone number.
ATD<Mem>2 Call from memory (call from phonebook)
ATDL Redial last call.
ATH Disconnect existing connection.
For answer:
ATA Answer to All incoming calls.
ATS0 Set number of the beeps before answers
the call automatically.
Text Commands:
Set Text Center:
AT+CMGF=1 Set to text mode.
AT+CSCA=”01214001400” Set message center service.
25
AT+CSMS Set message service.
AT+CSAS Save message setting.
Send Text:
AT+CMGS=”+18181234567” put a phone number that board needs to text
to it, then press Enter, command line shows “>” .Now user can start typing
message contents and at the end he/she must presses ctrl-z to send text
message or press “Esc” to discard sending text.
User can send text that it was already stored in SIM card memory by
AT+CMSS=1,” 18181234567”. „1‟ is index of message that saved in
memory.
Read Text:
AT+CMGR=<n> For reading Text received, “n” is index
of received. When a SMS received
module respond a notification that
contains new SMS Number.
Delete Text:
AT+CMGD=<n> Delete specific Text “n” form memory.
AT+CMGDA=” ” Delete all Text messages.
26
user can delete specific type of messages by using AT+CMGDA= and then “DEL
READ” for delete read messages or “DEL UNREAD” to delete unread text messages, or
“DEL SENT”, “DEL UNSENT”, “DEL INBOX” and “DEL ALL”
Write and store Text in memory:
AT+CMGW after user press Enter and command line shows “>”. User type
message contents. For example +CMGW: 7
List SMS:
AT+CMGL = “ALL”
“STO SENT” command line shows list of all SMS that store in SIM card and sent.
“STO UNSENT” command line shows list of all SMS that store in SIM card and unsent.
Also we can write “REC READ”, “REC UNREAD”, “ALL” for list all kinds of SMS in
the memory.
27
Phonebook’s Commands:
AT+CPBS= “SM” Set phonebook mode to the SIM card
Memory
AT+CPBR=1,9 Shows contact numbers 1 and 9
AT+CPBF= “Bob” Search for Bob in
AT+CPBW= “0818123456”, “Orod” Add a new contact number
28
4.3. Sensors:
In this project I used three types of sensors:
1- Motion detector
For security and detect someone enter to home.
2- Gas detector sensor that can detect three different kinds of gas:
Carbon Monoxide detector
Methane detector
LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) detector.
3- Temperature sensor
To control home‟s temperature.
4.3.1. Motion Detector
I used motion detector sensor to detect any motion in the room and recognize home
entrance. Then I send a signal (External Interrupt) to the main board that will process this
data. There are three major motion detector sensors:
1. Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR):
It uses body heat for detecting motion. I used this sensor in my project .
2. Ultrasonic Sensors:
Ultrasonic is an active sensor, it means that it repeatedly sends high frequency
pulses and then receive them. If transmit and receive patterns are matched it
29
means that there is no movement. However, if the received pulse has changed in
terms of period or frequency, sensor detects that object has been moved.
3. Microwave Sensors:
These types of sensors are active components. They transmit microwave pulses
continuously and then compare them with received pulses. And measure the
reflection of the objects that have moved.
PIR Sensor:
The other component is used in this design is a Passive Infrared Sensor(PIR
sensor)(Figure-19). The PIR is a passive sensor which means nothing emits from this
sensor repeatedly. All objects emit black body radiation. One of these radiations is
infrared that the human‟s eyes are not able to see this radiation. Each object has own
specific Infrared radiation temperature.PIR sensor detects motions when a new infrared
source of temperature like human is across in front of another. Infrared source and PIR
can detect these changes in environment. It is usually useful to add a Fresnel lens (Figure-
20) in front of PIR to detect motion better. Adding this lens allows PIR to detect all
motions in sight radius 140 degree within 36-48 feet in corner and 60-80 feet in center of
its sight radius. (Figure-21)
When a person enters the room, the module will automatically turn on the zybo board's
LED. Then it sends a warning message to user's cell phone to let the user knows that
30
someone is entered in the room. The message in my project is “Zybo Alert! Intruder in
the house!!!” By this warning user will be notified that someone is in the house.
Figure 19: PIR Sensor
Figure 20: PIR with Fresnel lens
Figure 21: Lens information
31
4.3.2. Gas Sensor (MQ-9)
Another component that I used in my design is MQ-9 gas sensor. MQ-9 gas sensor
detects Carbon Monoxide (CO), Methane (CH4), propane and LPG. MQ-9 is a
semiconductor sensor and it is made out of sensitive materials like Tin Dioxide (Sn2O3)
and Aluminum Oxide (AL2O3).
This sensor does an interesting job in a repeatedly cycle because it has two modes of low
and high temperature. In high temperature mode (heated by 5V) it detects methane,
propane and LPG. In high voltage mode and after its clear the voltage will drop to the
low temperature mode (heated by 1.5V) for detecting CO. When it goes to 90s, the mode
cycle will be repeated. The best performance of this sensor happens when it is preheated
for 48 hours. Also, for working with this sensor I need to use a resistor for output voltage
and for our calibration (200ppm to 5000ppm CH4 and 1000ppm of LPG)(Figure-22).
Figure 22: Circuit I used in our project for the MQ-9 Gas Sensor
32
Sensitivity Characteristics
Figure 23:MQ9 Sensitivity
Ordinate means resistance ratio of the sensor (Rs/Ro), abscissa is concentration of gases.
Rs means resistance in different gases, Ro means resistance of in 1000ppm LPG.
Influence of Temperature/Humidity
Figure 24: Influences of temperature and humidity in MQ-9
33
4.3.3. Temperature Sensor:
To have a smart system I need to have some feature that the board can do it
without user‟s commands. I need to automate the system. One example of this situation
for sensors is a temperature sensor, which needs to initialize with three different
temperatures from the user in installation of the board. One temperature is to be set as a
room temperature (78 degree of Fahrenheit). Also the user defines minimum and
maximum temperature (min=70 F and max=85 F). If the temperature exceeds maximum
our board will send a signal to the Fan and turn it on automatically, or if temperature goes
down to the minimum it will turn on the electrical heater.
Figure 25: LM35-Temperature sensor
34
Chapter5: Conclusion
In this project I worked with the Zynq 7000 series as an embedded processor on the
Xilinx FPGA. Also I used the ADC module provided on the board. I used SPI to interface
the FPGA with the ADC, and the Serial port to interface with the FPGA with the Hyper-
Terminal and GSM module. In addition, I worked with four different types of sensors, a
gas, temperature, and fire and motion sensor.
The user can use this system to improve his/her home security to receive alerts in case of
incidents like fire or robbery that may put his/her home in danger. Also, by early
notification, the home owner might be able to prevent the life threatening results of such
incidents.
Future works:
There are few ways to improve this project. I can use a wireless module for each sensor,
so that they send data wirelessly to the main module. The other side of wireless module
in main board receives data, and uses it. Also instead of the computer monitor, I can add
a touch LCD for showing data and status of the system.
35
Appendix
1. References
1.Zybo board datasheet
http://www.digilentinc.com/Data/Products/ZYBO/ZYBO_RM_B_V6.pdf
2. Xilinx zynq datasheet
http://www.xilinx.com/products/silicon-devices/soc/zynq-7000.html
3. SIM900hardware design V2.04 datasheet
http://www.simcom.eu/index.php?m=termekek&prime=1&sub=40&id=0000000147
4. AT command set for SIM900 V2.00 datasheet
5. MQ-9 gas sensor datasheet, e-radionica.com/productdata/mq-9.pdf
6. PIR datasheet https://www.mpja.com/download/31227sc.pdf7. LM35 datasheet
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2. Design C Code
/* * GSM.c: simple test application * * This application configures UART 16550 to baud rate 9600. * PS7 UART (Zynq) is not initialized by this application, since * bootrom/bsp configures it to baud rate 115200 * * ------------------------------------------------ * | UART TYPE BAUD RATE | * ------------------------------------------------ * uartns550 9600 * uartlite Configurable only in HW design * ps7_uart 115200 (configured by bootrom/bsp) */ #include<stdio.h> #include"platform.h" #include"xgpiops.h" #include"xgpio.h" #defineledpin 7 #define PB 51 #define PIR 12 #define MQ 13 char data; /* #define XPAR_GPIOPS_NUM_INSTANCE 1 #define XPAR_PS7_GPIO_0_DEVICE_ID 0 #define XPAR_PS7_GPIO_0_BASEADDR 0XE000A000 #define XPAR_PS7_GPIO_0_HIGHADDR 0XE000AFFF */ //void print(char *str); intmain() { int m=0; u32ReadPin=0; // Read PB51 u32ReadMQ=0; // PIR value JF4 u32ReadPIR=0; // MIO 13 value JF1 init_platform(); // print("Hello World\n\r"); voiddelay(intdelay_time) // delay routine { intdelay_count;
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for (delay_count = 0; delay_count<delay_time; delay_count++); } XGpioPsGpio; int Status; XGpioPs_Config *GPIOConfigPtr; GPIOConfigPtr = XGpioPs_LookupConfig(XPAR_PS7_GPIO_0_DEVICE_ID); Status = XGpioPs_CfgInitialize(&Gpio, GPIOConfigPtr, GPIOConfigPtr ->BaseAddr); if (Status != XST_SUCCESS) { return XST_FAILURE; } XGpioPs_SetDirectionPin(&Gpio, ledpin, 1); // set LED 7 out put XGpioPs_SetOutputEnablePin(&Gpio, ledpin, 1); // Enable LED XGpioPs_SetDirectionPin(&Gpio, PB, 0); // Set PB 51 As input XGpioPs_SetOutputEnablePin(&Gpio, PB, 1); // Enable PB 51 XGpioPs_SetDirectionPin(&Gpio, PIR, 0); // Set JF1 As PIR input XGpioPs_SetOutputEnablePin(&Gpio, PIR, 1); while(1) { ReadPin= XGpioPs_ReadPin(&Gpio, PB); ReadMQ= XGpioPs_ReadPin(&Gpio, MQ); ReadPIR= XGpioPs_ReadPin(&Gpio, PIR); // Read PIR value XGpioPs_WritePin(&Gpio, ledpin,0 ); // Write PIR value in LED if(ReadPIR==1) { XGpioPs_WritePin(&Gpio, ledpin,ReadPIR ); outbyte(0x41); //A outbyte(0x54); //T outbyte(0x2B); //+ outbyte(0x43); //C outbyte(0x4D); //M outbyte(0x47); //G outbyte(0x53); //S
38
outbyte(0x3D); //= outbyte(0x22); //" outbyte(0x2B); //+ outbyte(0x31); //1 outbyte(0x38); //8 outbyte(0x30); //0 outbyte(0x35); //5 outbyte(0x33); //3 outbyte(0x32); //2 outbyte(0x38); //8 outbyte(0x39); //9 outbyte(0x39); //9 outbyte(0x38); //8 outbyte(0x35); //5 outbyte(0x22); //" outbyte(0x0D); //\N outbyte(0x0A); //\R delay(2000000); outbyte(0x5A); //Z outbyte(0x59); //Y outbyte(0x42); //B outbyte(0x4F); //O outbyte(0x20); // SPACE outbyte(0x21); // ! outbyte(0x20); outbyte(0x20); outbyte(0x20); outbyte(0x20); // SPACE outbyte(0x49); // I outbyte(0x6E); // N outbyte(0x74); // T outbyte(0x72); // R outbyte(0x6F); // O outbyte(0x64); // D
39
outbyte(0x65); //E. outbyte(0x72); //R outbyte(0x20); // outbyte(0x49); // I outbyte(0x6E); // N outbyte(0x74); // T outbyte(0x68); //h outbyte(0x65); //e outbyte(0x20); // outbyte(0x48); // H outbyte(0x6f); // o outbyte(0x75); // u outbyte(0x73); //s outbyte(0x65); //e outbyte(0x21); // ! outbyte(0x21); // ! outbyte(0x21); // ! delay(2000000); delay(20000); outbyte(0x1A); //CTRL-Z delay(90000000); delay(90000000); delay(20000000); } if (ReadMQ == 1) {
40
outbyte(0x41); //A outbyte(0x54); //T outbyte(0x2B); //+ outbyte(0x43); //C outbyte(0x4D); //M outbyte(0x47); //G outbyte(0x53); //S outbyte(0x3D); //= outbyte(0x22); //" outbyte(0x2B); //+ outbyte(0x31); //1 outbyte(0x38); //8 outbyte(0x30); //0 outbyte(0x35); //5 outbyte(0x33); //3 outbyte(0x32); //2 outbyte(0x38); //8 outbyte(0x39); //9 outbyte(0x39); //9 outbyte(0x38); //8 outbyte(0x35); //5 outbyte(0x22); //" outbyte(0x0D); //\N outbyte(0x0A); //\R delay(2000000); outbyte(0x47); //G outbyte(0x61); //a outbyte(0x73); //s outbyte(0x20); // outbyte(0x44); //D outbyte(0x65); // outbyte(0x6e); // outbyte(0x7e); // outbyte(0x69); // outbyte(0x74); // outbyte(0x79); // outbyte(0x20); // outbyte(0x45); // outbyte(0x78); // outbyte(0x63 ); // outbyte(0x65); // outbyte(0x65); // outbyte(0x64); // outbyte(0x73); // outbyte(0x20); //
41
outbyte(0x53); // outbyte(0x74); // outbyte(0x61); // outbyte(0x6e); // outbyte(0x64); // outbyte(0x61); // outbyte(0x72); // outbyte(0x64); // outbyte(0x20); // outbyte(0x4c); // outbyte(0x69); // outbyte(0x6d); // outbyte(0x69); // outbyte(0x74); // outbyte(0x21);outbyte(0x21);outbyte(0x21); delay(2000000); delay(20000); outbyte(0x1A); //CTRL-Z delay(900000000); delay(90000000); } data = inbyte(); if (data=='+') data = inbyte(); if (data== 'C') data = inbyte(); if (data== 'M') data = inbyte(); if (data== 'T') data = inbyte(); if (data== 'I') { int h =0; for (h =0 ;h<8;h++) data = inbyte(); outbyte(0x41); //A outbyte(0x54); //T outbyte(0x2B); //+
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outbyte(0x43); //C outbyte(0x4D); //M outbyte(0x47); //G outbyte(0x52); //R outbyte(0x3D); //= outbyte(data); // I outbyte(0x0D); //\N outbyte(0x0A); //\R delay(10); } data = inbyte(); if (data== 'O') data = inbyte(); if (data== 'n') data = inbyte(); if (data== '1') { outbyte(0x41); //A outbyte(0x54); //T outbyte(0x2B); //+ outbyte(0x43); //C outbyte(0x4D); //M outbyte(0x47); //G outbyte(0x53); //S outbyte(0x3D); //= outbyte(0x22); //" outbyte(0x2B); //+ outbyte(0x31); //1 outbyte(0x38); //8 outbyte(0x30); //0 outbyte(0x35); //5 outbyte(0x33); //3 outbyte(0x32); //2 outbyte(0x38); //8 outbyte(0x39); //9 outbyte(0x39); //9 outbyte(0x38); //8 outbyte(0x35); //5 outbyte(0x22); //" outbyte(0x0D); //\N outbyte(0x0A); //\R delay(200); outbyte(0x4F); //Z
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outbyte(0x59); //Y outbyte(0x42); //B outbyte(0x4F); //O Print ("Living room light is on"); delay(200); outbyte(0x1A); //CTRL-Z } } cleanup_platform(); return 0; }
44
3. VHDL code
Generated by Xilinx Vivado
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- System_1_stub.vhd
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
library UNISIM;
use UNISIM.VCOMPONENTS.ALL;
entity System_1_stub is
port (
processing_system7_0_MIO :inoutstd_logic_vector(53 downto 0);
processing_system7_0_PS_SRSTB_pin : in std_logic;
processing_system7_0_PS_CLK_pin : in std_logic;
processing_system7_0_PS_PORB_pin : in std_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_Clk :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_Clk_n :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_CKE :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_CS_n :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_RAS_n :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_CAS_n :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_WEB_pin : out std_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_BankAddr :inoutstd_logic_vector(2 downto 0);
processing_system7_0_DDR_Addr :inoutstd_logic_vector(14 downto 0);
processing_system7_0_DDR_ODT :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_DRSTB :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_DQ :inoutstd_logic_vector(31 downto 0);
processing_system7_0_DDR_DM :inoutstd_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
processing_system7_0_DDR_DQS :inoutstd_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
processing_system7_0_DDR_DQS_n :inoutstd_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
processing_system7_0_DDR_VRN :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_VRP :inoutstd_logic;
axi_gpio_0_GPIO_IO_pin :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_GPIO_pin :inoutstd_logic
);
end System_1_stub;
45
architecture STRUCTURE of System_1_stub is
component System_1 is
port (
processing_system7_0_MIO :inoutstd_logic_vector(53 downto 0);
processing_system7_0_PS_SRSTB_pin : in std_logic;
processing_system7_0_PS_CLK_pin : in std_logic;
processing_system7_0_PS_PORB_pin : in std_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_Clk :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_Clk_n :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_CKE :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_CS_n :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_RAS_n :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_CAS_n :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_WEB_pin : out std_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_BankAddr :inoutstd_logic_vector(2 downto 0);
processing_system7_0_DDR_Addr :inoutstd_logic_vector(14 downto 0);
processing_system7_0_DDR_ODT :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_DRSTB :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_DQ :inoutstd_logic_vector(31 downto 0);
processing_system7_0_DDR_DM :inoutstd_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
processing_system7_0_DDR_DQS :inoutstd_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
processing_system7_0_DDR_DQS_n :inoutstd_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
processing_system7_0_DDR_VRN :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_DDR_VRP :inoutstd_logic;
axi_gpio_0_GPIO_IO_pin :inoutstd_logic;
processing_system7_0_GPIO_pin :inoutstd_logic
);
end component;
attribute BOX_TYPE : STRING;
attribute BOX_TYPE of System_1 : component is "user_black_box";
begin
System_1_i : System_1
port map (
processing_system7_0_MIO => processing_system7_0_MIO,
processing_system7_0_PS_SRSTB_pin => processing_system7_0_PS_SRSTB_pin,
processing_system7_0_PS_CLK_pin => processing_system7_0_PS_CLK_pin,
processing_system7_0_PS_PORB_pin => processing_system7_0_PS_PORB_pin,
processing_system7_0_DDR_Clk => processing_system7_0_DDR_Clk,
processing_system7_0_DDR_Clk_n => processing_system7_0_DDR_Clk_n,
processing_system7_0_DDR_CKE => processing_system7_0_DDR_CKE,
processing_system7_0_DDR_CS_n => processing_system7_0_DDR_CS_n,
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processing_system7_0_DDR_RAS_n => processing_system7_0_DDR_RAS_n,
processing_system7_0_DDR_CAS_n => processing_system7_0_DDR_CAS_n,
processing_system7_0_DDR_WEB_pin => processing_system7_0_DDR_WEB_pin,
processing_system7_0_DDR_BankAddr =>
processing_system7_0_DDR_BankAddr,
processing_system7_0_DDR_Addr => processing_system7_0_DDR_Addr,
processing_system7_0_DDR_ODT => processing_system7_0_DDR_ODT,
processing_system7_0_DDR_DRSTB => processing_system7_0_DDR_DRSTB,
processing_system7_0_DDR_DQ => processing_system7_0_DDR_DQ,
processing_system7_0_DDR_DM => processing_system7_0_DDR_DM,
processing_system7_0_DDR_DQS => processing_system7_0_DDR_DQS,
processing_system7_0_DDR_DQS_n => processing_system7_0_DDR_DQS_n,
processing_system7_0_DDR_VRN => processing_system7_0_DDR_VRN,
processing_system7_0_DDR_VRP => processing_system7_0_DDR_VRP,
axi_gpio_0_GPIO_IO_pin => axi_gpio_0_GPIO_IO_pin,
processing_system7_0_GPIO_pin => processing_system7_0_GPIO_pin
);
end architecture STRUCTURE;
