Upload
ryan-chua
View
386
Download
10
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Call Setup and Release
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 1 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes only theproduct defined in the introduction of this documentation. This document is intended for theuse of Nokia Networks' customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which thedocument is submitted, and no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form ormeans without the prior written permission of Nokia Networks. The document has beenprepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customerassumes full responsibility when using it. Nokia Networks welcomes customer comments aspart of the process of continuous development and improvement of the documentation.
The information or statements given in this document concerning the suitability, capacity, orperformance of the mentioned hardware or software products cannot be considered bindingbut shall be defined in the agreement made between Nokia Networks and the customer.However, Nokia Networks has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructionscontained in the document are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. NokiaNetworks will, if necessary, explain issues which may not be covered by the document.
Nokia Networks' liability for any errors in the document is limited to the documentary correctionof errors. Nokia Networks WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS INTHIS DOCUMENT OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL(INCLUDING MONETARY LOSSES), that might arise from the use of this document or theinformation in it.
This document and the product it describes are considered protected by copyright according tothe applicable laws.
NOKIA logo is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation.
Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respectivecompanies, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only.
Copyright © Nokia Networks Oy 2001. All rights reserved.
2 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Contents
Contents 3
List of tables 4
List of figures 5
1 Purpose of call setup and release 7
2 Functionality of real-time services 9
3 Functionality of non-real-time services 15
4 Call setup and release procedures 274.1 Paging 284.1.1 Paging an idle mode MS (paging procedure) 284.1.2 Paging a connected mode MS (UE dedicated paging procedure) 294.1.3 RNC originated paging 314.2 RRC connection setup 314.3 RRC connection release 334.4 Radio link setup 334.5 Radio link reconfiguration 364.6 Radio link deletion 374.7 Radio access bearer setup 384.8 Radio access bearer reconfiguration 404.9 Radio access bearer release 424.10 Signalling connection release 434.11 Direct transfer 454.12 Ciphering and integrity protection setup 464.13 Cell update 474.14 URA update 494.15 Parameters 504.16 Statistics 504.17 Alarms 52
5 Related features 53
6 Restrictions 55
Glossary 57
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 3 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
List of tables
Table 1. MS cell states. 20
4 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
List of figures
Figure 1. Mobile originated call (CS), 1/2. 10
Figure 2. Mobile originated call (CS), 2/2. 11
Figure 3. Mobile terminated call (CS), 1/2. 12
Figure 4. Mobile terminated call (CS), 2/2. 13
Figure 5. Mobile originated call (PS), 1/2. 16
Figure 6. Mobile originated call (PS), 2/2. 17
Figure 7. Mobile terminated call (PS), 1/2. 18
Figure 8. Mobile terminated call (PS), 2/2. 19
Figure 9. MS cell state transitions. 20
Figure 10. CELL_DCH to CELL_FACH state transition using Radio BearerReconfiguration. 22
Figure 11. CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH UL state transition. 23
Figure 12. CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH DL state transition. 24
Figure 13. Cell update due to UL data transmission. 25
Figure 14. Paging an MS in idle mode. 29
Figure 15. Paging an MS in connected mode (CELL_FACH or CELL_DCHstate). 30
Figure 16. Paging an MS in connected mode (CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state). 30
Figure 17. RNC-originated paging. 31
Figure 18. Setting up an RRC connection. 32
Figure 19. RRC connection setup failure and retry. 32
Figure 20. RRC connection release in CELL_DCH state. 33
Figure 21. Radio link setup. 34
Figure 22. Radio link setup failure. 35
Figure 23. Synchronisation failure. 35
Figure 24. Synchronised radio link reconfiguration. 36
Figure 25. Radio link reconfiguration failure. 37
Figure 26. Radio link deletion. 38
Figure 27. Radio access bearer establishment procedure (DCH to DCH). 39
Figure 28. Failure in radio access bearer establishment. 40
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 5 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 29. Radio access bearer reconfiguration procedure (DCH to DCH). 41
Figure 30. Failure in radio access bearer reconfiguration. 42
Figure 31. Radio access bearer release. 43
Figure 32. Signalling connection release requested by the CN. 44
Figure 33. Signalling connection release requested by the MS (all flows are notreleased). 45
Figure 34. Signalling connection setup. 46
Figure 35. Setting up ciphering and integrity protection. 47
Figure 36. Cell update due to periodic update. 48
Figure 37. Periodic URA update. 50
6 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Purpose of call setup and release
1 Purpose of call setup and releaseCall setup and release refers to setting up or releasing a speech or data connectionbetween the end-user mobile station (MS) and the core network. When the MS isin idle state, it has no radio resource control (RRC) connection to the radio accessnetwork. Radio resource control (RRC) connection is set up when the MSrequests it or when it is paged. The RRC connection is needed for radio accessbearer establishment. Radio access bearer services can involve a circuit switchedspeech call, a circuit switched data call or a packet switched call.
For more information, see:
2Functionality of real-time services
3Functionality of non-real-time services
Call setup and release procedures
Related features
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 7 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
8 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Functionality of real-time services
2 Functionality of real-time servicesReal-time services involve mobile-originated and mobile-terminated speech ordata calls. The following figures illustrate the process of establishing these twotypes of call. Individual procedures mentioned in the figures are described insection Call setup and release procedures.
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 9 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 1. Mobile originated call (CS), 1/2.
MS BTS RNC MSC
AAL2 Setup
RRC:RRC CONNECTION SETUP
RANAP:INITIAL UE MESSAGE
NBAP:SYNCHRONIZATION INDICATION
RRC:CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE
RRC:INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER
NBAP:RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
RRC:RRC CONNECTION REQUEST
NBAP:RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
MS-CN signalling
RANAP:COMMON ID
MS-CN signalling
RANAP:SECURITY MODE COMMAND
RRC:SECURITY MODE COMMAND
RRC:SECURITY MODE COMPLETE
RANAP:SECURITY MODE COMPLETE
L1 synchronisation
10 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Functionality of real-time services
Figure 2. Mobile originated call (CS), 2/2.
The following figure illustrates the mobile terminated circuit switched call. Theonly difference between a mobile originated and mobile terminated call is thatonly mobile terminated calls include paging the MS.
MS BTS RNCMS
AAL2 Setup
RANAP:RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
NBAP:RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE
NBAP:RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION READY
AAL2 Setup
Connection established
NBAP:RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION COMMIT
RRC:RADIO BEARER SETUP
RRC:RADIO BEARER SETUP COMPLETE
RANAP:RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE
MSC
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 11 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 3. Mobile terminated call (CS), 1/2.
MS BTS RNC MSC
AAL2 Setup
RRC:RRC CONNECTION SETUP
RANAP:INITIAL UE MESSAGE
NBAP:SYNCHRONIZATION INDICATION
RRC:CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE
RRC:INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER
NBAP:RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
RRC:RRC CONNECTION REQUEST
NBAP:RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
MS-CN signalling
RANAP:COMMON ID
MS-CN signalling
RANAP:SECURITY MODE COMMAND
RRC:SECURITY MODE COMMAND
RRC:SECURITY MODE COMPLETE
RANAP:SECURITY MODE COMPLETE
RRC: PAGING TYPE 1
RANAP: PAGING
L1 synchronisation
12 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Functionality of real-time services
Figure 4. Mobile terminated call (CS), 2/2.
MS BTS RNCMS
AAL2 Setup
RANAP:RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
NBAP:RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE
NBAP:RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION READY
AAL2 Setup
Connection established
NBAP:RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION COMMIT
RRC:RADIO BEARER SETUP
RRC:RADIO BEARER SETUP COMPLETE
RANAP:RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE
MSC
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 13 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
14 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Functionality of non-real-time services
3 Functionality of non-real-time servicesNon-real-time services involve packet switched data calls. For NRT (non-realtime) services, the radio access bearer is created without immediately reservingradio resources. The resources are allocated on demand by using the signallinglink between the MS and the RNC. The following figures illustrate the process ofestablishing a packet switched call.
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 15 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 5. Mobile originated call (PS), 1/2.
MS BTS RNC SGSN
AAL2 Setup
RRC:RRC CONNECTION SETUP
RANAP:INITIAL UE MESSAGE
NBAP:SYNCHRONIZATION INDICATION
RRC:CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE
RRC:INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER
NBAP:RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
RRC:RRC CONNECTION REQUEST
NBAP:RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
MS-CN signalling
RANAP:COMMON ID
MS-CN signalling
RANAP:SECURITY MODE COMMAND
RRC:SECURITY MODE COMMAND
RRC:SECURITY MODE COMPLETE
RANAP:SECURITY MODE COMPLETE
L1 synchronisation
16 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Functionality of non-real-time services
Figure 6. Mobile originated call (PS), 2/2.
The following figure illustrates the mobile terminated packet switched call. Theonly difference between mobile originated and mobile terminated calls is thatonly mobile terminated calls include paging the MS.
MS BTS RNCMS
RANAP:RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
GTP Tunnel setup
Connection established (CELL_DCH state)
RRC:RADIO BEARER SETUP
RRC:RADIO BEARER SETUP COMPLETE
RANAP:RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE
SGSN
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 17 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 7. Mobile terminated call (PS), 1/2.
MS BTS RNC SGSN
AAL2 Setup
RRC:RRC CONNECTION SETUP
RANAP:INITIAL UE MESSAGE
NBAP:SYNCHRONIZATION INDICATION
RRC:CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE
RRC:INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER
NBAP:RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
RRC:RRC CONNECTION REQUEST
NBAP:RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
MS-CN signalling
RANAP:COMMON ID
MS-CN signalling
RANAP:SECURITY MODE COMMAND
RRC:SECURITY MODE COMMAND
RRC:SECURITY MODE COMPLETE
RANAP:SECURITY MODE COMPLETE
RRC:PAGING TYPE 1
RANAP: PAGING
L1 synchronisation
18 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Functionality of non-real-time services
Figure 8. Mobile terminated call (PS), 2/2.
When the MS has a dedicated physical channel, it is in CELL_DCH state. Statetransitions are illustrated in the following figure:
MS BTS RNCMS
RANAP:RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
GTP Tunnel setup
Connection established (CELL_DCH state)
RRC:RADIO BEARER SETUP
RRC:RADIO BEARER SETUP COMPLETE
RANAP:RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE
SGSN
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 19 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 9. MS cell state transitions.
URA_PCH
CELL_DCH
Idle Mode
CELL_FACH
RAN Connected Mode
CELL_PCH
Release RRC connectionRelease RRC connection
Establish RRC connection
Table 1. MS cell states.
MS cell state Description
CELL_DCH MS receives and transmits on the dedicated trafficchannel (DCH). The location of the MS is known on celllevel.
CELL_FACH MS receives on the forward access channel (FACH)and transmits on the random access channel (RACH).The location of the MS is known on cell level.
CELL_PCH MS receives on the paging channel (PCH). Thelocation of the MS is known on cell level. If the MS hassomething to transmit, it transfers to CELL_FACH state.
URA_PCH MS receives on the paging channel (PCH). Thelocation of the MS is known on URA level. If the MS hassomething to transmit, it transfers to CELL_FACH state.
20 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Functionality of non-real-time services
When the RNC detects inactivity in either uplink or downlink, it starts aninactivity timer in that direction. If the timer in both directions expires and theinactivity continues, the RNC releases the dedicated resources and starts the MS'stransition from CELL_DCH to CELL_FACH state. The transition is usually donewith the radio bearer reconfiguration procedure. In some special cases it is donewith either the physical channel reconfiguration procedure or the radio bearerrelease procedure.
The radio bearer reconfiguration procedure is used, if the RLC parameters of theNRT RB need to be reconfigured when the DCH of the NRT RB is released.
The physical channel reconfiguration procedure is used, if the DCH of the NRTRB is released, and there are no other DCH allocations.
The radio bearer release procedure is used when a NRT RAB and a RT RAB aresimultaneously used for the same MS, and the NRT RAB has been inactive (theinactivity timer has expired) when the CN releases the RT RAB.
The following figure illustrates the state transition using radio bearerreconfiguration:
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 21 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 10. CELL_DCH to CELL_FACH state transition using RadioBearer Reconfiguration.
The transition from CELL_FACH state to CELL_DCH state is started when theRNC has user or control data waiting for transmission in downlink direction orwhen the MS requests capacity for user data in uplink direction. The RNC's RM(resource manager) checks that there are resources available and allocates therequested resources. It also requests a radio link setup procedure (refer to sectionRadio link setup).
Once a radio link is set up, the transition is done either with the transport channelreconfiguration procedure, the radio bearer reconfiguration procedure, or theradio bearer setup procedure.
The transport channel reconfiguration procedure is used, if a state transition isneeded and it does not need reconfiguration.
The radio bearer reconfiguration procedure is used, if the RLC parameters of theNRT RB need to be reconfigured.
MS is in CELL_DCH state
Inactivity timer expires
RRC:RADIO BEARER RECONFIGURATION
RRC:RADIO BEARER RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
MS is in CELL_FACH state
CELL UPDATE
CELL UPDATE CONFIRM
NBAP: RADIO LINK DELETION REQUEST
NBAP: RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE
RNCMS BTS
22 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Functionality of non-real-time services
The radio bearer setup procedure is used, if a NRT RAB already exists and a newRT RAB must be established.
The following figure illustrates the state transition from CELL_FACH toCELL_DCH:
Figure 11. CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH UL state transition.
RNCMS BTS
MS is in CELL_FACH state
RRC: RADIO BEARER RECONFIGURATION
RRC: RADIO BEARER RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
NBAP Radio Link Setup
RRC:MEASUREMENT REPORT
MS is in CELL_DCH state
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 23 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 12. CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH DL state transition.
Uplink data transmission may cause a cell update as illustrated in the figurebelow.
RNCMS BTS
MS is in CELL_FACH state
RRC: RADIO BEARER RECONFIGURATION
RRC: RADIO BEARER RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
NBAP Radio Link Setup
MS is in CELL_DCH state
DL capacity need detected
24 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Functionality of non-real-time services
Figure 13. Cell update due to UL data transmission.
RNCMS BTS
UL capacity need is detected by MAC
MS moves to CELL_FACH state
MS is in CELL_PCH state or URA_PCH state
RRC:CELL UPDATE CONFIRM
RRC:CELL UPDATE
RRC:RNTI REALLOCATION COMPLETE(only URA_PCH)
MS is in CELL_FACH state
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 25 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
26 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Call setup and release procedures
4 Call setup and release proceduresThis section describes the procedures involved in real-time and non-real-time callsetup and release. See sections Functionality of real-time services andFunctionality of non-real-time services for the illustration of call setup andrelease phases. This section also briefly describes parameters and statistics.
The signalling protocols mentioned in the figures are:
• RANAP (radio access network application part)
• RNSAP (radio network subsystem application part)
• NBAP (Node B application part)
• RRC (radio resource control)
RANAP layer
RANAP layer includes all the RANAP signalling entities of the RNC and therelated application for RANAP signalling entity management.
RANAP signalling entity is a serving RNC functionality responsible for theRANAP-connection-specific signalling and information management betweenthe RNC and core network for one MS.
RNSAP layer
RNSAP layer includes all the RNSAP signalling entities of the RNC and therelated application for RNSAP signalling entity management.
RNSAP signalling entity is an RNC functionality responsible for RNSAP-connection-specific signalling and information management between two RNCsfor one MS.
NBAP layer
NBAP layer includes all common and dedicated NBAP signalling entities of theRNC or the BTS and the related application for the NBAP signalling entitymanagement.
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 27 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Common NBAP signalling entity is a BTS or a controlling RNC functionalityresponsible for the logical resource management, BCH management andcommunication context creation for one BTS.
Dedicated NBAP signalling entity is a BTS or a controlling RNC functionalityresponsible for the radio link management for a group of MSs.
RRC layer
RRC layer includes all RRC signalling entities of the RNC and the relatedapplication for RRC signalling entity management.
RRC signalling entity is a serving RNC functionality responsible for the RRC-connection-specific signalling and information management for one MS.
4.1 Paging
Core network (CN) requests the RNC to page an MS. RNC receives pagingrequests from the core network over the Iu interface.
The MS may use discontinuous reception (DRX) in idle mode to reduce powerconsumption. In discontinuous transmission, the MS only monitors one pageindicator (PI) in one paging occasion per DRX cycle. The DRX cycle is anindividual time interval between the monitoring paging occasions for a specificMS. The maximum DRX cycle is the time interval for the longest possible DRXcycle in a cell.
The MS may be attached to the circuit switched and packet switched corenetworks with different CN-domain-specific DRX cycle lengths. The MS storeseach domain-specific DRX cycle length for each CN domain it is attached to anduses the shortest of those DRX cycle lengths. If the CN sends a specific DRXcycle length coefficient, RAN uses it in the paging message. If there is no CN-specific coefficient, RAN uses the default value for CN-specific DRX cyclelength coefficient in the radio network database.
RNC sends paging requests to all WCDMA BTSs which belong to the pagingarea where the MS is currently registered. The cells in a single BTS may belongto different paging areas.
Each paging message on the Iu interface involves only one MS and therefore, theRNC has to pack the pages into the relevant radio interface paging message.
4.1.1 Paging an idle mode MS (paging procedure)
The RNC checks whether the paged MS is engaged in an ongoing radio resourcecontrol (RRC) connection. If there is no connection, the RNC starts the idle modepaging procedure. As a result, the MS starts the RRC connection setup procedure.
28 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Call setup and release procedures
The procedure using the PAGING TYPE 1 message is referred to as pagingprocedure in the 3GPP RRC specification.
Figure 14. Paging an MS in idle mode.
4.1.2 Paging a connected mode MS (UE dedicated paging procedure)
The RNC checks whether the paged MS already has an RRC connection. If itdoes, the connected mode paging procedure is applied. RNC sends a pagingmessage (RRC:PAGING TYPE 2) to an RRC-connected MS through the existingRRC connection if the MS is in CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH state. If the MS isin CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state, the RNC originates the paging procedure(RRC:PAGING TYPE1).
The procedure using the PAGING TYPE 2 message is referred to as UE dedicatedpaging procedure in the 3GPP RRC specification.
CNMS BTS
PAGING TYPE 1
RANAP:PAGING
MS has no RRC connection
RRC connection establishment
Paging response
RNC
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 29 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 15. Paging an MS in connected mode (CELL_FACH orCELL_DCH state).
Figure 16. Paging an MS in connected mode (CELL_PCH or URA_PCHstate).
CN 2MS BTS RNC CN 1
MS has signalling connection to CN1
MS is in CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH state
Paging response to CN 2
RRC:PAGING TYPE 2
RANAP:PAGING
CN 2MS BTS RNC CN 1
MS has signalling connection to CN1
MS is in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state
Paging response to CN 2
RRC:PAGING TYPE 1
RANAP:PAGING
30 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Call setup and release procedures
4.1.3 RNC originated paging
To save its battery, an MS may reside on common channels (the paging channel)while still maintaining the RRC connection to RNC. In such a case, the RNCneeds to page the MS when there is downlink user data or a downlink signallingmessage addressed to the MS. This is because in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state,the DCCH logical channel cannot be used. Therefore, the RNC transmits a pagingrequest on the PCCH logical channel in the known cell or within the URA wherethe MS is located. RNC's RRC signalling entity starts the paging procedure. As aresponse, the MS moves to the CELL_FACH state and starts the cell updateprocedure with the cause “paging response”.
If an MS in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state needs to transmit anything to theRAN, it moves to the CELL_FACH state and executes a cell update procedurewith the cause “UL data transmission”.
Figure 17. RNC-originated paging.
4.2 RRC connection setup
RRC connection is always started by the MS. MS sends a message to the RNCrequesting RRC connection setup. RNC sets up a radio link and sends the MS thephysical channel information. After the MS has synchronised itself to theWCDMA BTS, it transmits an acknowledgement to the RNC..
Once the MS has set up the RRC connection, it may send higher-layer messages,for instance, a call setup message.
MS BTS RNC
MS is in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state
RRC: PAGING TYPE 1
DL data or DL signalling messages
MS makes a transition from CELL_PCH or URA_PCH to CELL_FACH state
MS performs a cell update with the cause "paging response"
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 31 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 18. Setting up an RRC connection.
The following figure illustrates an example of an RRC connection failure. TheRNC may fail in its attempt to set up a radio link due to hardware blocking, forinstance. Also, admission control may reject the setup attempt. In an errorsituation, the RNC transmits an RRC connection setup reject message, and theMS initiates an RRC connection setup retry timer. When the timer expires, theMS attempts to set up the RRC connection again.
Figure 19. RRC connection setup failure and retry.
RNCMS BTS
RRC: RRC CONNECTION SETUP
L1 synchronisation
Radio link setup
RRC: RRC CONNECTION SETUP REQUEST
RRC: RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE
MS BTS RNC
RRC: RRC CONNECTION REJECT
RRC: RRC CONNECTION SETUP REQUEST
RRC: RRC CONNECTION SETUP REQUEST
32 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Call setup and release procedures
4.3 RRC connection release
Radio resource control connection is released when the MS no longer has anactive signalling connection to any core network node. MS and CN negotiateabout the release, and after that, the CN sends a release command. The MS inCELL_DCH state sends an acknowledgement message in unacknowledged modeto the radio access network. If the MS receives the release message while inCELL_FACH state, it responds in acknowledged mode to the RAN.
After the MS response, the RNC starts the radio link release procedure towardsBTS, releases transport bearers on the Iub interface, and sends anacknowledgement to the core network. The RNC can delete the RRC entity of theMS at the same time with the radio link release procedures.
Figure 20. RRC connection release in CELL_DCH state.
4.4 Radio link setup
Radio link setup procedure is started when a new radio link is needed, forinstance, when a new signalling link is set up or when handover is performed.RNC determines the radio link parameters and requests radio link activation at theBTS. In the first radio link setup, the BTS selects the traffic termination point forthe communication context and sends the identification of the associated NBAPsignalling link to the RNC. The radio link allocation is valid at the BTS until theRNC orders radio link deletion.
MS BTS RNC CN
MS has signalling connection to one CN
Radio link deletion procedure
RANAP: IU RELEASE COMMAND
RRC: RRC CONNECTION RELEASE
RANAP: IU RELEASE COMPLETE
RRC: RRC CONNECTION RELEASE COMPLETE
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 33 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
The procedure also starts the creation or modification of a communicationcontext. Communication context contains information about all activity in onetraffic termination point concerning one MS. It is used to associate a set of radiolinks together at the BTS.
Figure 21. Radio link setup.
Error situations that may occur during radio link setup are illustrated in thefollowing figures. Radio link setup may fail because resources are not availableor because the controlling RNC communication context is already in use, forexample. If radio link setup fails, the BTS sends a failure message to the RNCindicating the cause value. The BTS's L3 Common NBAP signalling entity sendsthe message to the RNC's L3 Common NBAP signalling entity.
NBAP:RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
AAL2 Setup
NBAP:RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
RRC:Assignment to MS
L1 synchronisation
MS RNCBTS
NBAP:SYNCHRONIZATION INDICATION
34 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Call setup and release procedures
Figure 22. Radio link setup failure.
If the BTS fails to establish synchronisation at the time defined, the BTS's L3Dedicated NBAP signalling entity generates a failure message indicating thecause “synchronisation failure”.
Figure 23. Synchronisation failure.
MS
NBAP:RADIO LINK SETUP FAILURE
NBAP:RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
BTS RNC
NBAP:RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
AAL2 Setup
NBAP:RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
RRC:Assignment to MS
MS BTS RNC
NBAP:RADIO LINK FAILURE (SYNC FAIL)
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 35 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
4.5 Radio link reconfiguration
Synchronised radio link reconfiguration is used to add, delete or modify a DCH(dedicated channel) or to modify the radio links belonging to the samecommunication context. The resource manager of the RNC initiates thereconfiguration procedure.
The situations that may trigger the radio link reconfiguration procedure are:
• radio access bearer setup (AAL2 setup)
• radio access bearer negotiation (possible AAL2 setup, switching, andrelease)
• radio access bearer release (AAL2 release)
• NRT radio access bearer scheduling (AAL2 setup, possible AAL2switching, AAL2 release).
Figure 24. Synchronised radio link reconfiguration.
MS BTS RNC
NBAP:RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION READY
AAL2 Setup if needed
RRC:Assignment to MS
NBAP:RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION COMMIT
AAL2 Switching if needed
AAL2 Release if needed
NBAP:RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE
36 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Call setup and release procedures
Radio link reconfiguration may fail because of a BTS capability failure orbecause there are not enough resources, for example. The BTS responds with afailure message to the RNC's prepare message. The failure message indicates thefailed radio links and the cause value for the failure.
Figure 25. Radio link reconfiguration failure.
4.6 Radio link deletion
RNC starts the radio link deletion procedure to release one or more radio links ina communication context. Resets and other error situations may trigger thisprocedure.
If the RNC does not receive a response from the BTS before a timer expires, itsends the deletion message again three times. After that, if there is still no answer,the resource manager in the RNC starts recovery actions.
MS BTS RNC
NBAP:RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION FAILURE
NBAP:RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 37 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 26. Radio link deletion.
4.7 Radio access bearer setup
The procedure builds a radio access bearer service between the MS and the CN(core network). The service is negotiated between MS and CN via the signallinglink between the MS and RAN (radio access network) and via the signallingconnection between RAN and CN.
Once the CN has all the necessary information, it forwards it to the RNC. RNCanalyses the parameters for radio access bearer service and checks whether theresources needed exist. After that, the RNC activates or modifies the physicaluplink and downlink radio channels from the WCDMA BTS and creates thetransmission channels at the Iub and Iur interfaces according to the reserved radioresources.
RNC then sends the new radio link parameters to the MS on the existingsignalling link. Once the MS informs the RNC that it uses the new radio linkparameters, the RNC acknowledges the information to the CN and radio accessbearer establishment is then complete.
The same procedure is also used for adding radio access bearers.
For NRT (non-real time) services, the radio access bearers are created withoutimmediate reservation of radio resources. Instead, radio resources are allocatedon demand by using the signalling link between the MS and the RNC.
MS BTS RNC
AAL2 Release
NBAP:RADIO LINK DELETION REQUEST
NBAP:RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE
38 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Call setup and release procedures
Figure 27. Radio access bearer establishment procedure (DCH to DCH).
Setting up a radio access bearer may fail, for instance, because the RNC cannotprovide the resources requested. If the requested channel type or resource (e.g.channel rate, etc.) indicated in the RANAP:RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUESTmessage is not available in the RAN, a RANAP:RAB ASSIGNMENTRESPONSE message is sent to the CN. The message contains the appropriatefailure cause.
Signalling link established, MM and CC signalling ...
BTS RNC CNMS
AAL2 Setup (real time RAB)
CC continues...
RANAP:RAB Assignment Request
RANAP:RAB Assignment Response
RRC:RB Setup
RRC:RB Setup Complete
Radio link reconfiguration(real time RAB)
AAL2 Setup (real time RAB)
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 39 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 28. Failure in radio access bearer establishment.
4.8 Radio access bearer reconfiguration
The MS and CN negotiate about the radio access bearer reconfiguration. MS orCN can request the procedure for radio access bearer reconfiguration. Theprocedure is the same whether MS or CN requests the modification.
If downgrading the radio access bearer parameters is requested, the CNimmediately accepts it and acknowledges the service modification to the MS. TheCN then requests the RNC to modify the RAN radio access bearer. If themodification is allowed, the MS and the WCDMA BTS are informed, and alsothe transmission channels are modified if needed. The RAN acknowledges to theCN that the radio access bearer service was modified.
If upgrading the radio access bearer parameters is requested, the CN first requeststhe RNC to modify radio access bearer services. If the modification is allowed,the MS and WCDMA BTS are informed, and also the transmission channels aremodified if needed.
RNC CN
Required resourcesnot available
RANAP:RAB Assignment Request
RANAP:Assignment Response(cause)
CN may send a new RAB AssignmentRequest to establish a new RAB orIu release Command to release allreserved resources.
40 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Call setup and release procedures
Figure 29. Radio access bearer reconfiguration procedure (DCH toDCH).
If the requested channel type or resource (e.g. channel rate, etc.) indicated in theRANAP:RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message is not available in the RAN,a RANAP:RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE message is sent to the CN. Themessage contains the appropriate failure cause.
BTS RNC CNMS
AAL2 modification
RRC:RB Reconfiguration Complete
RANAP:RAB Assignment Request (modify)
CC/SM signalling, modification complete
RANAP:RAB Assignment Response
CC/SM signalling between MS and CN, modification of RAB required
RRC:RB Reconfiguration
AAL2 modification
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 41 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 30. Failure in radio access bearer reconfiguration.
4.9 Radio access bearer release
The MS and CN negotiate about releasing the radio access bearer services. TheCN then commands the RAN (radio access network) to release a radio accessbearer service. RNC sends an indication of the release to the MS, and eitherreleases the radio link or modifies the radio link parameters if all radio accessbearers are not released.
The radio links are also released or modified at the WCDMA BTS, andtransmission channels are released both on the Iu and Iub interfaces. Also Iurbranches are released if the MS had branches via another (drifting) RNC.
The CN may also request releasing the signalling link if all radio access bearersrelated to the CN are released. Then the signalling connection between the RNCand CN is released. The signalling link between the RNC and MS is also releasedif the MS has no active connection to another CN.
MS BTS RNC CN
CC/SM signaling between MS and CN, modification of Radio Access Bearer required
RL reconfiguration
AAL2 modification
RANAP:RAB AssignmentRequest (modify)
RRC:RB Reconfiguration
RANAP:RAB Assignment Response (cause)
RRC:RB Reconfiguration Failure
CC/SM signaling, modify failure
42 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Call setup and release procedures
Figure 31. Radio access bearer release.
From the Iu interface's point of view, radio access bearer release is alwayssuccessful. The MS may return a release failure message to the RNC. In this case,the MS uses the old configuration.
4.10 Signalling connection release
Signalling connection release can be requested by the CN or by the MS. The MSmay have an ongoing signalling connection to one circuit-switched and onepacket-switched core network simultaneously. If one network then requests therelease of the signalling connection by running the Iu release procedure, the RNCdetects that there is still another signalling connection using the current RRCconnection. The RRC connection is not released, but the MS is informed that oneof the signalling connections is released.
BTS RNC CNMS
AAL2 release
RL Reconfiguration
AAL2 release
RANAB:RAB Assignment Request (release)
RANAP:RAB Assignment Response
RRC:RB Release
RRC:RB Release Complete
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 43 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 32. Signalling connection release requested by the CN.
When the MS requests the release of a signalling connection, either the signallingconnection release or the RRC connection release procedure is run as a response.If the signalling connection is released (as in the figure), the MS continues to havea signalling connection to one core network, but not two. If the RRC connectionis released, the MS no longer has connections to a core network.
RNC CN 1 CN 2BTSMS
MS-CN 1 signalling connection
MS-CN 2 signalling connection
MS-CN 1 signalling connection
RANAP:IU RELEASE COMMAND
RANAP:IU RELEASE COMPLETE
RRC:SIGNALLING CONNECTION RELEASE
44 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Call setup and release procedures
Figure 33. Signalling connection release requested by the MS (all flowsare not released).
4.11 Direct transfer
After having established an RRC connection, the MS starts setting up a signallingconnection to the core network (CN). MS sends a message to the RNC whichgenerates a different message to the CN, depending on whether or not there is anactive signalling connection to the CN domain.
If low priority DCCH usage is configured in the RNC, SRB#4 (low priority) isused in the downlink direction for the NAS-PDUs using SAPI value 3. If lowpriority DCCH usage is not configured, or the SAPI value of a NAS-PDU is 0,then SRB#3 (high priority) is used.
If the RNC fails in transferring the message to the MS, the CN does not get anindication of the failure. Higher layers are used to repeat the message.
RNC CN 1 CN 2BTSMS
MS-CN 1 signalling connection
MS-CN 2 signalling connection
MS-CN 1 signalling connection
RANAP:IU RELEASE REQUEST
RANAP:IU RELEASE COMPLETE
RRC:SIGNALLING CONNECTION RELEASE REQUEST
Release of one signalling flow
RANAP:IU RELEASE COMMAND
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 45 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 34. Signalling connection setup.
4.12 Ciphering and integrity protection setup
In RNC, two security mechanisms are available: ciphering and integrityprotection. When RRC connection has been set up, the MS sends the RRCCONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE message to the RNC. The messageincludes the HFN (hyperframe number) to be used as part of the input parametersfor the ciphering and integrity algorithms, respectively.
The MS sends an initial L3 message with the MS Classmark information whichthe network needs to start security mode setup. The message is unprotected, butthe MS can verify that the correct information reached the network when thesystem returns a protected message including the MS Classmark received. Thispart is transparent to the radio access network.
Once the initial L3 message is received, user authentication can be done and newsecurity keys (integrity key and ciphering key) as well as a new key set identifier(KSI) are generated. The core network also determines which UMTS encryptionand integrity algorithms (UEAs and UIAs) are used.
Core network starts integrity protection (and possibly ciphering) by sending theSECURITY MODE COMMAND message to the serving RNC. This messagecontains the UIAs and the integrity key (IK) to be used and possibly the UEAsand the ciphering key (CK).
MS BTS RNC CN
RRC: INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER
RANAP: INITIAL UE MESSAGE
RANAP: DIRECT TRANSFER
RRC: DOWNLINK DIRECT TRANSFER
RRC: UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER
RANAP: DIRECT TRANSFER
46 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Call setup and release procedures
The serving RNC selects the first UIA and UEA it supports from the CN's list.SRNC generates a random value FRESH and starts the downlink integrityprotection by generating the SECURITY MODE COMMAND message. Basedon input parameters, the RNC generates the message authentication code forintegrity protection (MAC-I) which is included in the message. All downlinksignalling messages after that are integrity protected and possibly ciphered.
If SRNC supports no UIAs on the list, it sends a rejection message to the corenetwork.
The MS computes the expected MAC-I value (XMAC-I) and verifies the integrityof the message by comparing the received MAC-I with the generated XMAC-I.The MS acknowledges the RNC's message with SECURITY MODECOMPLETE message which starts the uplink integrity protection. All uplinksignalling messages after that are integrity protected and possibly ciphered.
Figure 35. Setting up ciphering and integrity protection.
4.13 Cell update
Cell update procedure is mainly used to update the RNC information on the MSlocation after a cell reselection. When the MS selects a new cell, it informs theRNC in a cell update. In other words, cell update is used instead of handover. TheMS also performs periodic cell updates according to system information.
After the MS has switched to a new cell, it sends a cell update message to theRNC's RRC (radio resource control). The MS message contains the cell updatecause, which can be:
• cell reselection
• periodic cell update
MS BTS RNC CN
RANAP:SECURITY MODE COMMAND
RRC:SECURITY MODE COMMAND
RRC:SECURITY MODE COMPLETE
RANAP:SECURITY MODE COMPLETE
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 47 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
• uplink data transmission
• paging response
• re-entering service area
• radio link failure
• RLC unrecoverable error.
If the cell update was caused by cell reselection, the RNC updates the MS locationinformation and resets the CELL_FACH or CELL_PCH state supervision timer.RNC's confirmation message to the MS includes a radio network temporaryidentifier for the cell (C-RNTI). If the cell update was performed to a cell notresiding under the serving RNC (SRNC), the message also contains the radionetwork temporary identifier for the RAN (U-RNTI). If the MS is moving veryfast and performs frequent cell updates due to cell reselection, the RNC may orderthe MS to move to URA_PCH state.
If the cause was a periodic cell update, the RNC updates the MS locationinformation and resets the CELL_FACH or CELL_PCH state supervision timer.RNC may also instruct the MS to update its location on URA level. If the MSperforms a certain number of cell updates due to periodic cell update and isinactive (in other words, is not transmitting or receiving user data), the RNC mayorder the MS to move to URA_PCH state.
If the cause was uplink data transmission, the RNC sends a confirmation andpossibly a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI). The RNTI for a cell (C-RNTI) is sent if the MS transferred from URA_PCH state. The RNTI for RAN(U-RNTI) is sent if the cell update was performed to a cell not residing under theserving RNC (SRNC). The MS remains in CELL_FACH state.
If the cell update cause was paging response, the RNC updates the MS locationinformation. The RNC sends a confirmation and possibly a new radio networktemporary identifier for cell (C-RNTI). The MS remains in CELL_FACH state.
Figure 36. Cell update due to periodic update.
RRC:CELL UPDATE
RRC:CELL UPDATE CONFIRM
RNCMS BTS
MS is in CELL_FACH or CELL_PCH state
48 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Call setup and release procedures
4.14 URA update
MS mainly uses the UTRAN registration area (URA) update procedure to informthe RNC that it has switched to a new radio access network registration area. Theprocedure is triggered after a change of cell when the MS has decoded the URAidentifiers of the cell. URA updates are also performed periodically after a timerexpires.
RAN (UTRAN) registration areas may be hierarchical to avoid excessivesignalling. This means that several URA identifiers may be broadcast in one celland that different MSs in one cell may reside in different URAs.
When the MS is in URA_PCH state and has switched to a new URA, it sends anupdate message with the U-RNTI (radio network temporary identifier) and URAupdate cause to the RNC. The cause is either URA reselection or periodic URAupdate.
If the update was due to URA reselection, the RNC registers the change of URAand sends a confirmation message to the MS. The message includes a radionetwork temporary identifier for cell (C-RNTI), if the MS remains inCELL_FACH state after the URA update. The message includes a radio networktemporary identifier for RAN (UTRAN, U-RNTI), if the URA update wasperformed to a cell not residing under the serving RNC (SRNC).
If multiple URAs are valid in the cell, RNC assigns the URA to the MS.
If the update was a periodical one, the RNC resets the periodic URA update timerand sends a confirmation message to the MS.
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 49 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
Figure 37. Periodic URA update.
4.15 Parameters
For operator-definable parameters, see Radio Network Parameter Dictionary.
4.16 Statistics
The following measurement types are relevant to call setup and release:
Service level measurements
Measurement includes statistics collected from:
• RRC connection setup and access (including RRC connection activereleases and failures)
• Incoming HOs and relocations
• RAB setup, access and reconfiguration.
For more information, see the Service level measurements in RNC PerformanceCounters.
RNCMS BTS
MS is in URA_PCH state
RRC:URA UPDATE
RRC:URA UPDATE CONFIRM
MS moves to URA_PCH state
MS moves to CELL_FACH state
50 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Call setup and release procedures
L3 signalling measurements on Iub
Measurement includes statistics collected from:
• NBAP procedures for radio link setup, addition, deletion andreconfiguration.
For more information, see the L3 signalling measurements on Iub in RNCPerformance Counters.
L3 signalling measurements on Iur
Measurement includes statistics collected from:
• RNSAP procedures for radio link setup, addition, deletion andreconfiguration over Iur
• RNSAP and RANAP procedures for serving RNC relocation
• RNSAP and RANAP procedures for inter-RNC hard handover.
For more information, see the L3 signalling measurements on Iur in RNCPerformance Counters.
L3 signalling measurements on Iu
Measurement includes statistics collected from:
• RANAP procedures for radio access bearer establishment/release and Iuconnection setup/release.
For more information, see the L3 signalling measurements on Iu in RNCPerformance Counters.
RRC signalling measurements
Measurement includes statistics collected from:
• RRC connection management (that is, RRC connection setup/release,paging) procedures
• RRC mobility management (that is, cell and URA updates) procedures
• packet data transition states (that is, transitions between CELL_DCH,CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH states)
For more information, see the RRC signalling measurements in RNCPerformance Counters.
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 51 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
4.17 Alarms
There are no alarms relevant to call setup and release.
52 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Related features
5 Related featuresThe features related to call setup and release are:
• Handover control algorithm
• Power control algorithm
• Load control algorithm
• Admission control algorithm
• Resource manager algorithm
• Packet scheduler algorithm
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 53 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
54 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Restrictions
6 RestrictionsThere are no restrictions relevant to call setup and release.
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 55 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
56 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
Glossary
Abbreviations
BCCH (broadcastcontrol channel)
BCH (broadcastchannel)
CK (ciphering key)
DCCH (dedicatedcontrol channel)
DCH (dedicatedtraffic channel)
FACH (forwardaccess channel)
HFN (hyperframenumber)
HLR (home locationregister)
IK (integrity key)
KSI (key setidentifier)
MAC-I (messageauthentication codefor integrityprotection)
MS (mobile station)
MSC (mobileservices switchingcentre)
MT (mobiletermination)
PCCH (pagingcontrol channel)
PCH (pagingchannel)
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 57 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
RACH (randomaccess channel)
RAN (radio accessnetwork)
RAN corresponds to UTRAN, UMTS RAN in 3GPP vocabulary.
RNC (radio networkcontroller)
RRC (radio resourcecontrol)
TE (terminalequipment)
UE (userequipment)
In 3GPP vocabulary used instead of mobile station (MS).
UEA (UMTSencryptionalgorithm)
UIA (UMTSintegrity algorithm)
UTRAN (universalterrestrial radioaccess network)
In 3GPP vocabulary used instead of radio access network (RAN).
VLR (visitorlocation register)
XMAC-I (expectedMAC-I value)
Terms
cell RNTI (C-RNTI)
C-RNTI is allocated for an MS by each controlling RNC through which the MSis able to communicate on DCCH.
communicationcontext
Communication context contains information about all activity in one traffictermination point concerning one MS. It can be used to associate a set of radiolinks together at the BTS. Radio links belonging to the same communicationcontext are in softer or soft handover.
connected mode The MS is in connected mode after it has set up an RRC connection to the RAN.
controlling RNC(CRNC)
Controlling is a role an RNC can take with respect to a specific set of BTSs. Thecontrolling RNC has the overall control of the logical resources of its BTSs. Thereis only one controlling RNC for any BTS.
58 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en
drifting RNC(DRNC)
Drifting is a role an RNC can take with respect to a specific connection betweenan MS and RAN. The drifting RNC supports the serving RNC with radioresources when the connection between the RAN and the MS needs to use thecells controlled by this RNC.
drifting RNTI (D-RNTI)
D-RNTI is used by the serving RNC to identify the MS to the drifting RNC.
idle mode The MS is in idle mode when it is switched on but has no RRC connection to theRAN.
Iu interface Iu is interface between the radio network controller (RNC) and the core network(CN).
Iub interface Iub is the interface between the radio network controller (RNC) and the WCDMABTS.
Iur interface Iur is the interface between two radio network controllers (RNC).
non-access stratum(NAS)
Non-access stratum refers to the protocols between the MS and the core networkthat are not terminated in the radio access network.
radio networktemporary identifier(RNTI)
RNTI is an identifier for the MS when an RRC connection exists. For instance, itis used by the MAC protocol on common transport channels (RACH, FACH,PCH). See also cell RNTI, serving RNTI, drifting RNTI and UTRAN RNTI.
RRC connection Radio resource control connection is a logical connection between the MS andradio access network (RAN) which supports the exchange of upper layerinformation.
serving RNC(SRNC)
Serving is a role an RNC can take with respect to a specific connection betweenan MS and RAN. There is one serving RNC for each MS that has a connection toRAN. The serving RNC is in charge of the radio connection between an MS andRAN. The serving RNC terminates the Iu for this MS.
serving RNTI (S-RNTI)
S-RNTI is allocated to an MS for communicating with the serving RNC. It is alsoused by the drifting RNC to identify the MS to the serving RNC.
signallingconnection
Signalling connection is an acknowledged mode link between the MS and thecore network (CN) to transfer higher layer information between the entities in thenon-access stratum.
signalling link Signalling link provides an acknowledged mode link layer to transfer thesignalling messages between the MS and RAN as well as between the MS and CN(as part of the signalling connection).
UTRAN RNTI (U-RNTI)
UTRAN radio network temporary identifier is allocated to an MS that has an RRCconnection. The U-RNTI identifies the MS within RAN and in signallingmessages between the MS and RAN. U-RNTI consists of the serving RNCidentifier and the S-RNTI.
DN99580908 © Nokia Networks Oy 59 (60)Issue 1-2 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Call Setup and Release
UTRANregistrationarea (URA)
URA is a predefined group of cells, which the RNC radio resource control usesto administer the location of the MS in URA connected state. URA id is broadcaston the BCCH. The MS must make a URA update when it enters a cell with a newURA id.
60 (60) © Nokia Networks Oy DN99580908Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 1-2en